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9
Mathematics
Quarter 4, Wk.3 - Module 3
Trigonometric Ratio of Special Angles

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4, Wk.3 - Module 3: Trigonometric Ratio of Special Angles
First Edition, 2020

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9
Mathematics
Quarter 4, Wk.3 - Module 3
Triginometric Ratio of Special Anlges

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This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know..................................................................................................................... i
How to Learn from this Module.................................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Module...................................................................................................................... ii
What I Know................................................................................................................................................. iii

Lesson 1:
Illustrate 450-450-900 Right Triangle
Find the missing length of a 450-450-900 Right Triangle.....................................................1

What I Need to Know .................................................................................1

What’s New................................................................................................1
What Is It ...................................................................................................2

What’s More …...........................................................................................3

What I Have Learned..................................................................................4
What I Can Do............................................................................................5

Lesson 2:
Illustrate 300-600-900 Right Triangle
Find the missing length of a 300-600-900 Right Triangle.....................................................6
What’s In.....................................................................................................6
What I Need to Know..................................................................................7
What’s New............................................................................................... 8
What Is It .................................................................................................9
What’s More .............................................................................................9
What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………. 10
What I Can Do ......................................................................................... 11
Lesson 3:
Compute the numerical values of trigonometric expressions involving special angles........12
What’s In.............................................................................................................................12
What I Need to Know......................................................................................................12
What’s New...................................................................................................................... 13
What’s New...................................................................................................................... 14
What Is It .........................................................................................................................15
What’s More ...................................................................................................................15
What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………. 16
What I Can Do ............................................................................................................... 16
Summary

Assessment (Post test)........................................................................................................................ 17

References................................................................................................................................................. 18
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
In this module, you will use the concepts you have learned in the previous lessons to
evaluate the trigonometric ratios of special angles. There are two triangles, the
isosceles and equilateral triangles that are frequently used in mathematics to generate
exact values for the trigonometric ratios. Consider the succeeding activities to develop
mastery of this topic.

What I Need to Know

In this module you will learn the following:

 Illustrate 450-450-900 Right Triangle Theorem

Lesson 1  Find the missing length of a 450-450-900 Right Triangle.

 Illustrate 300-60 0-900 Right Triangle Theorem

Lesson 2  Find the missing length of a 300-600-900 Right Triangle.
 Compute the numerical values of trigonometric expressions
involving special angles
Lesson 3

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii

What I Know
 Pre-assessment test

A. Directions: Encircle the letter that gives the exact values of Trigonometric
Ratio of Special Angles. Please answer all items. If you were not able to
answer correctly you can find out the right answer as you as you go through
the lesson.

1. What is the exact value of sin 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3
2. Find the value of x in the triangle pictured below
a. x=6 b. x= 24 c. x=12 d. x=12√ 3

12
3. What is the exact value of cos 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3
4. Find the lengths of the other two sides of a right triangle if the length of the
hypotenuse is 4√2 inches and one of the angles is 450.
a. 4 inches b. 2 inches c. 8 inches d. 10 inches

5. What is the exact value of cos 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

6. If the equal sides of an isosceles right triangle measure 12 units, then the measure of
the hypotenuse is _____ units.

a. 12√2 b. 2√12 c. 144 d. 144√2

7. What is the exact value of sin 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

8. If the leg of a 45-45-90 triangle is 7 cm long, then its hypotenuse is _____ cm.
a. 7√2 b. 49√2 c. 7 d. 7√7

9. What is the exact value of tan 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

10. Find the length of the diagonal of a square with side length 12 cm.
a. 12√2 cm b. 6√2 cm c. 7√2 cm d. 13√2 cm

11. What is the exact value of tan 600 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

12. What is the exact value of tan 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) 2 d)1

13. What is the exact value of csc 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)2

14. What is the exact value of sec 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 1

15. What is the exact value of cot 600 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3/3

iii
This page is intentionally blank
 Trigonometric Ratios of Special
Angles
Lesson

What I Need to Know

In this lesson you will use the concepts you have learned in the
previous lessons to evaluate the trigonometric ratios of special
angles. There are two triangles, the isosceles and equilateral
triangles that are frequently used in mathematics to generate exact
values for the trigonometric ratios. Consider the succeeding
activities to develop mastery of this topic.

What’s New

Activity 1: Find the Sides

Find the missing length.
1. 2.

Guide questions:
1. How did you find the activity?
2. What previous knowledge did you apply in this activity?
3. What are the difficulties you met in doing the activity?
4. Based on the activity given what types of triangles are shown?

1
 What Is It

Special Triangles

450-450-900 Triangle Theorem

In In a 450-450-900 triangle, the hypotenuse is √ 2 times as long as each leg.

45° – 45° – 90° Right Triangle Theorem

In a 45° – 45° – 90° triangle,
✔ the legs are congruent;
✔ the length of the hypotenuse is √ 2 times the length of a leg

hypotenuse = √2 leg
Example :

1. Using the formula

hyp= √ 2 leg
20 = √ 2 x
20 √ 2
= x
√2 √ 2
20 ∙ √ 2
=x
√2 ∙ √2
10 √ 2 = x or
x= 10 √ 2

2. Using the formula

hyp= √ 2 leg
c = √ 2 leg
c = √ 2 (4)
c =4 √ 2 ft.

2
Example 3: Find the length of the indicated side.

45°

3 3
r

45°

r= 2 ·3 2 = 6

= √4 . 3

=2x3
= 6
Example 4: Find the length of the indicated side.

. .
8

45° 45°
m

m = √2 . 8 = 8 √2

What’s More

What is the 45 45 90 triangle theorem?

The 45 45 90 triangle theorem states that 45 -45 -90 special right triangles that
have sides of which the lengths are in a special ratio of 1:1:√ 2 and two 450
angles and one right angle of  90°.

3
 What I Have Learned

` ACTIVITY 2

To practice the concepts that you have learned in the previous examples
answer the following .

m
45°

45°
3
e
1. 2.

45°
15 2
n i

45°
o 2
3. 4.

4
 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 3

Solve the problem by applying your knowledge in Trigonometric Ratio on

Special Angles.

1. When a 12 foot ladder is rest against a tree, the base of the ladder forms an angle of
45° with the ground. How far up the tree does the ladder reach, to the nearest tenth
of a foot ?
Refer this diagram to solve the problem
 5

Trigonometric Ratios of Special

Angles
Lesson

2
What’s In

Special Triangles

300-60 0-900 Triangle Theorem

In In a 300-60 0-900 triangle, the hypotenuse is twice as long as the

shorter leg , and the longer leg is √ 3 times as long as the shorter leg .
 6

What I Need to Know

In this lesson you will learn the following:

Illustrate 300-60 0-900 Right Triangle Theorem

Find the missing length of a 300-600-900 Right Triangle.

What’s New

A 30-60-90 triangle is a special right triangle (a right triangle being any triangle
that contains a 90 degree angle) that always has degree angles of 30 degrees,
60 degrees, and 90 degrees. Because it is a special triangle, it also has side
length values which are always in a consistent relationship with one another.

The basic 30-60-90 triangle ratio is:

Side opposite the 30° angle: x

Side opposite the 60° angle: x* x √ 3

Side opposite the 90° angle: 2x

 7
Examples 1.

2. Find the length of the legs of the right triangle.

hyp= 2 shorter leg

x = 2 (7)
x= 14 cm
longer leg = √ 3 shorter leg
y = √ 3 (14)
y= 14√ 3 cm

3. Find the length of the legs of the right triangle.

For shorter leg (a)

Hyp = 2 shorter leg
8 = 2a
2a= 8 8
2a 8
=
2 2
2a 8
=
2 2

a = 4 in

For longer leg (b)

Longer leg = √ 3 ( shorter leg)
b = √ 3 (4)
b= 4 √ 3 in

What Is It
A 30-60-90 triangle is a special right triangle (a right triangle being any
triangle that contains a 90 degree angle) that always has degree angles of 30
degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. Because it is a special triangle, it also has
side length values which are always in a consistent relationship with one
another.

What’s More
ACTIVITY 1
Practice Makes Perfect
Find the value of each variable used in the figures. If your answer is not an integer,
express it in simplest radical form.

c 2 3

60° 30°
1. 2.
 9

3.

Questions:
1. How did you answer the activity?
2. What mathematical concepts did you apply to find the answer?
3. What generalizations can you make after performing the activity?

Did you enjoy the activity? Has the activity helped you perform well in terms of the
concepts you used? If you still have questions regarding the ideas you have
discovered, then the next activity will help you.

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 2

Find the value of each variable used in figure.

1.
300

12 h

2. B

A
C

Given triangle ABC if angle A = 300

And side AB= 15,find side BC and side AC.

10
 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 3
House Repair

After winds brought by “ Hanging Habagat” in Misaims Oriental, it caused damage of Mang
Cardo’s house. He placed an 8m brace against its side at a 450 angle. Then, at the same
spot on the ground, he placed a second longer brace to make 300 angle with the side of the
house. Show the complete solution for each question below.

a. How long is the longer brace? Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a meter?
b. About how much higher on the house does the longer brace reach than the shorter
brace?

11
 Trigonometric Ratios of Special
Angles
Lesson

3
What’s In

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF THE ANGLES

θ sin cos tan csc sec cot

300 1 √3 √3 2 2√ 3 √3
2 2 3 3
450 √2 √2 √2
2 2 1 2 1
60 0
√3 1 √3 2√ 3 2 √3
2 2 3 3

What I Need to Know

This lesson shows how to find the trig ratios of the special angles: sine,
cosine and tangent values of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degrees. You will also
learn the process of determining the trigonometric ratios of special angles even
without the use of calculator

12

What’s New?
To start the lesson fill in the blank with the correct values of special angles, you can
check your answer on the table of Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
ACTIVITY 1
1. 2.

3.

Guide questions:
1. How do you find the activity?
2. What previous knowledge did you apply in this activity?

13
To deepen your understanding let us study the following examples.

Example 1:
Determine the exact value of the expression sec 30° + cot 60°.

Solution: sec 30°+ cot 60°=

2 √ 3 √3 3 √ 3
+ = =√ 3 Final answer
3 3 3

Example 2

Find the exact value of sin2300+ cos2600.

Solution :
sin2300+ cos2600.=( sin300)2 + (cos600)2

=¿

1 2
=4 + 4

3
= 4

EXAMPLE 3
. Determine the exact value of the expression sin 45 0+ cos 450.

Solution:
sin 450+ cos 450.=
√2 + √2 = √ 2+ √2 = 2 √2 = √2
2 2 2 2

EXAMPLE 4

Find the exact value of sin2450.

Solution :
sin2450=( sin450)2

√4 = 2 = 1
=¿=
4 4 2

14
EXAMPLE 5
Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle if the lengths of the other two
sides are both 7cm.
To answer the problem ,first you must illustrate or draw the problem

45°
45° X
7 8
30°
c 0
c 145°
m 7 045°
8 t r 60°
x
Recalling your previous
r knowledge
with SOH, CAH, TOA, since the unknown side is the
hypotenuse we can choose either SOH or CAH. Look at the solution below on how we find
the value of x.

Solution:

Sine 45 = 7cm
X

x sine 45 = 7cm ( by cross multiplication)

x sine 45 = 7cm ( Division Property of Equality)

sine 45 sine 45

x = 7cm
sine 45

x= 7 ( refer trigonometric table with sine 45= √ 2 /2)

√2
2

X= 7 . 2 ( multiplication )
√2

x = 14
√2

x = 14 . √2 ( rationalizing the denominator )

√2 √2
x= 14√ 2
√4
X= 7√ 2 Final answer

15

WHAT Is It

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SPECIAL ANGLES. In trigonometry, 0°,

 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° are called as special angles and they always lie in the
first quadrant. These special angles 0°, 30°, 45° and 60° are frequently seen
in applications and we can use geometry to determine the trigonometric
ratios of these angles.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2

Find the exact value of the following

1. (sec300) (cos 300) - ( tan600) ( cot 600) 2. 2 sin300 cos 450 + tan 450

3. 3(sin450) + (cos450)2 4. 2 (sin300)+ cos 600 + tan 600

What I have learned

The next activity helps you deepen your understanding about the trigonometric
ratios of special angles

ACTIVITY 3

A. Complete the equation below.

1. 2 – 5(tan450)= ____________.

2. 3 (sin 450)2 = _____________.

3. 2(csc450)2- cot450=____________.

4. (cot450 + tan450)2= __________.

5. 3(sin450) + (cos450)2= _________.

16

What I Can Do
 To answer activity no. 4 you will apply your knowledge in relation with
Trigonometric ratio on special angles. Refer the equivalent function on the Trigonometric
table found on page 12

ACTIVITY 4

Answer the following problem:

1. Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle if the lengths of the other two
sides are both 9 cm.

2. Find the length of the shorter leg in the triangle pictured below.

30°
8

60°

Summary
This lesson was about the trigonometric ratios of special angles. You have
illustrated the special acute angles 30°, 45°, and 60°. You have also studied how
to evaluate the trigonometric ratios of these special angles. You were given the
chance to do some activities that apply what you learned in this lesson. Your
understanding of this lesson and other previously learned concepts will help you
facilitate your learning in the next lesson: the angle of elevation and angle of
depression.

Assessment (Post Test)

 Directions: Encircle the letter that gives the exact values of Trigonometric
Ratio of Special Angles. Please answer all items. If you were not able to
answer correctly you can find out the right answer as you as you go through the
lesson.

1. What is the exact value of sin 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

2. Find the value of x in the triangle pictured below

a. x=20 b. x= 24 c. x=22 d. x=12√ 3

30°
x
r

60°

10

3. What is the exact value of cos 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3
4. Find the lengths of the other two sides of a right triangle if the length of the
hypotenuse is 3√2 inches and one of the angles is 450.
a. 4 inches b. 2 inches c. 3 inches d. 5 inches

5. What is the exact value of cos 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

6. If the equal sides of an isosceles right triangle measure 10 units, then the measure of
the hypotenuse is _____ units.

a. 12√2 b. 2√12 c. 10√2 d. 14√2

7. What is the exact value of cot 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) 1 d)√ 3

8. If the leg of a 45-45-90 triangle is 6 cm long, then its hypotenuse is _____ cm.
a. 7√2 b. 6√2 c. 7 d. 7√2

9. What is the exact value of tan 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

10. Find the length of the diagonal of a square with side length 10 cm.
a. 12√2 cm b. 6√2 cm c. 7√2 cm d. 10√2 cm

11. What is the exact value of cot 600 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/3 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3

12. What is the exact value of sec 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) 2 d)1

13. What is the exact value of csc 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)2

14. What is the exact value of sec 450 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3/2 c) √ 2/2 d)2

15. What is the exact value of cot 300 ? a)1/2 b)√ 3 c) √ 2/2 d)√ 3/3
 Key to Answers

Pre-assessment test
1. 1/2 6. 12√2 11.√ 3

2. 24 7.√ 2/2 12. 1

3. √ 3/2 8. 7√2 13. 2

4. 4 inches 9.√ 3/3 14. 2

5. √ 2/2 10. 12√2 cm 15. √ 3/3

Assessment (Post test)

1. 1/2 6. 10√2 11.√ 3/3

2. 20 7.1 12. 2

3. √ 3/2 8. 6√2 13. 2

4. 3 inches 9.√ 3 14. 2

5. √ 2/2 10. 10√2 cm 15. √ 3

LESSON 1
What’s New( Activity # 1 )
1. 4 √ 2
2. 10 √ 2
What I have learned ( Activity # 2)
1. m =3 √ 2
e=3
2. c =4 √ 2
t = 4 √2
3. n = 15
o = 15
4. j = 2
What I Can Do ( Activity # 3 )
1. 6 √ 2 ft.

LESSON 2

What’s More ( Activity 1)

1. c = √ 3
 2. a = 9/2
c = 9√ 3 / 2
3. x = 12
y = 8√ 3
What I have learned ( Activity 2 )

1. h = 8√ 3
k= 4√ 3

2. BC = 15/2
3. AC = 15 √ 3

What I Can Do ( Activity 3 )

a. 11 meters
b. 4 meters

LESSON 3

What’s New (Activity 1 )

1. sin 450 =√ 2/2 csc 450= 2

cos 450 = √ 2/2 sec 450 = 2

tan 450= 1 cot 450 = 1

2. sin 300 = 1/2 csc 300= 2

cos 300 = √ 3/2 sec 300 = 2√ 3 / 3

tan 300= √ 3/3 cot 300 = √3

3. sin 600 = √ 3/2 csc 600= 2√ 3 / 3

cos 600 = 1/2 sec 600 = 2

tan 600= √ 3 cot 600 = √ 3/3

What’s More ( Activity 2 )

1. 0
2. 2 + √ 2
2
3. 2√ 2

4. 3 + √3
2

What I Have Learned ( Activity 3 )

1. -3
2. 3/2
3. 3
4. 4
 5. 3 √ 2 + 1
2

What I Can Do ( Activity 4 )

1. Problem 1 = 2√ 2

2. Problem 2 = 8√ 3
3
References:
Mathematics – Grade 9 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2014, Department of Education
DepEd link: http://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/math_9_lm_draft_3.24.2014.pdf
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

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Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
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E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph