Jimenez, Jerico R. Professor Abel A.

Ubaldo

BSCE 2-3 Buhay at Mga Sinulat ni Rizal

Assessment No. 3

Instruction: Discuss the following items thoroughly. Write the questions before each answer. Each
answer should contain at least three (3) paragraphs of not less than four (4) sentences each. You may
write your answers in Filipino. Do not forget to write your full name in the upper left corner of the paper
and your course, year, and section below it while the name of your professors should be indicated in the
upper right.

1. Create a Table of Antonio De Morga and Jose Rizal’s Perspectives on Filipino culture, compare
the two based on internal and external perspectives.

Antonio De Morga Jose Rizal

Internal Perspectives
Antonio De Morga sees Filipino culture
through the lens of his own personal convictions.
He claimed that the Filipinos believed in an
afterlife. It was a place where those who had been
fearless and dauntless in their deeds were rewarded
and those who had done evil would be punished
proportionately, but they couldn't figure out where
these things would take place or why and
wherefore. He also noted that among the natives,
there were often herbalists and sorcerers who were
not maltreated or controlled until they caused a
specific injury or harm to people, and that the latter
was only rarely determined or even discussed.
Morga also noticed that the devil appeared to
them in various forms, including horrifying and
terrifying aggressive creatures that terrified them
and made them tremble. They also frequently
worshiped it through images addressing him that
were kept in caves and hidden houses, where they
offered him sweet-smelling aromas, food, and
fruits, which they referred to as anitos. On behalf
of their sick people, Filipinos made devotions and
offered ceremonials to the idols. They believed in
superstitions and signs, which the devil encouraged
Jose Rizal agreed with, annotated, and
clarified the vast majority of Morga's statements.
One of them is that Filipinos accurately admitted
their ignorance of the situation, as Rizal claimed.
Heaven, kalualhatian (a noun that continues until
now). However, the blessed Bisayan spirits went to
Panay's Olympus and Elysia fields in the Madias
Mountains.
On the other hand, Rizal clarified that there
was still a strong belief in the power of witches
during Morga's time, and the Inquisition mistreated
them. Even the Tukang, or snake-tamers, who still
live in the Philippines were thought to be witches.
According to Rizal, it appears that they regarded
Anito as a tutelary spirit, whether belonging to the
family or not. Nowadays, the Tagalogs, instilled
with the enthusiasm of the missionaries, label
every superstition, deceitful cult, idol, and so on as
superstition, deceitful cult, idol, and so on.
According to Colin, "ordinarily, rich people,
well dressed and adorned with jewels, but they
were not honored or esteemed, because they
considered them loafers who lived off the sweat of
their fellowmen." Rizal went on to say that the
Filipinos value money because it is found all over
them to believe in, in order to predict whether their the world, including in Europe. Rizal explained the
sick people would live or die. crocodile belief by comparing it to how other
Then it was said that because people love countries regard lions and bears. As a gesture of
money and live in cities, they will yield when there consideration, people put symbols on their shields
is a price. He also mentioned that the natives set and call them vulnerable epithets. In terms of
traps along the edges of waterways and streams funeral customs, Rizal stated that people find it
near their settlements to protect them from the much more natural and sincere to respect the
crocodiles, which they fear and revere. In terms of remains of their loved ones than those fanatical
funeral customs, he stated that Indios also bury martyrs with whom they have no dealings and who
their dead in their own homes, where their bodies are unlikely to be remembered.
and bones are kept for a long time.
External Perspectives
According to Morga's perspective on body Morga's statement about the natives having
tattoos, the natives have this pattern drawn first tattoos on their bodies was accepted by Rizal. He
before applying black powder to the areas where also stated that they will continue to choose
blood oozes out. Further observations consider savagery until the government intervenes due to
how the indigenous people who live in the tribes their inhumane responses to those who refuse to
are not easy to appease. Although this has been submit to the friars. In terms of clothing, the word
attempted many times, whether through good or chinina was mistranslated as tinina (from tina),
bad means. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the which means dyed in Tagalog. It was demonstrated
natives of Luzon wore clothes made of cangan that the garment's origin is almost always
material without a collar, sewn-in front with short monochromatic. The chiefs used a red color, and
sleeves extending down past the waist, some blue the fabric is "fine gauze from India," according to
and some black. Colin. The barbarous tribes of Mindanao share the
In order to cover their private parts, the Romans' taste for red.
headmen wore red chininas and a colored blanket To respond to Morga's statement about the
enfolded around the midriff and between the legs. Indios' hygiene, Rizal stated that they have
Another thing the Indios did, regardless of their hygienic customs, including the proper method of
age, was bathe in rivers or streams. Morga bathing. In terms of food, Rizal clarified that the
explained that the Indios eat beef and fish, which fish Morga mentioned, which can't be eaten until it
they prefer when it is rotting and stinking. starts to rot, is called bagoong, and those who have
According to Morga, there were no kings or kings eaten and tasted it agree that it's not rotten. Rizal
to rule the Philippine Islands in the same way that agreed with Morga's assertion that the Philippines
other kingdoms and regions did. He criticized the lacked rulers and kings. Because of the lack of
administration system because there are no rulers rapid communication, life in the towns would be
for many communities, only one leader for each greatly insensible if the government of all the
tribe. islands resided in just one hand and one sole will,
In terms of its economy, the Philippines was and everyone had to go to and consult in one place
reliant on trade. Cotton was grown throughout the for everything.
island, according to Morga, and the Indios spun it In terms of the Philippine economy, Jose
into thread and sold it. They also weave blankets in Rizal agreed that the Indios also harvest cotton, not
a variety of ways, which they sell or pay for. In just rice. An encomendero made a fortune of
regard to gold, Antonio Morga stated that there are around 50,000 dollars out of cotton material. In
abundant rich gold deposits and other mineral response to the topic of gold, Rizal stated that the
 products associated by the inhabitants through
washing or placer mining throughout the islands or
certain places. The natives, on the other hand,
became more lux in the gold mining after the
Spaniards had settled in the land, contenting
themselves with what they already had. In the form
of jewelry and ancient gold, which have replaced
their predecessors, which had been abandoned. The
Igorots believed that burying their gold was safer
than keeping it in their own homes or settlements.
Indios abandoned the mines because wealth had
aroused the capacity of the encomenderos and
soldiers, and the priest historians relate that they
suggested such a procedure to save them from
disputes. He also agreed with Morga that the
Igorots were correct to keep their gold in the
ground rather than in their homes.

2. At the end of the table, give an overall analysis of the differences between the two in Filipino
culture.

The Philippines' diverse cultures and traditions contribute to its unique identity. As can be seen, the
country has a variety of customs that stem from the influences of various colonizers who visited the country.
Antonio De Morga is said to have written the first lay formal history of Spain's conquest of the Philippines
because of all of the unique features. Nonetheless, it appears that Jose Rizal annotated Morga's published
work because of the unusual contents written about Philippine history, as he wanted to introduce the
Filipinos to their own authentic culture and history prior to the Spaniards' colonization.

Given the table's ideas and observations, Jose Rizal amended and clarified the majority of Morga's
statements, which were mostly based on Spanish principles. In contrast to what the Spaniards claimed,
Rizal believed that the Philippines had a prosperous and traditional way of life enhanced by culture,
tradition, and unity. Rizal demonstrated that had Spain and the friars did not annihilate the pre-Hispanic
Philippine development, it could have grown and developed into something noteworthy. Furthermore, Rizal
believes that Morga was more sympathetic to the Indios, and that he was not only an observer but also a
participant in the situations he described. Rizal believed that the analysis of Morga should be transcribed
from the colonized, not the colonizer. At the time, there was no collection of Filipino experiences written
by an Indio. The Philippines have been undervalued, and what was previously available was a history of
Spain in the Philippines, rather than a background of the Philippines. Indios were given less significance or
worth during those times and were thought to lack the ability to create such intellectual works.

"The same thing can't be said today," Rizal added about Morga's work. On paper and in words, the
administration tries to educate the Filipinos, but in reality, and at the bottom, it encourages obliviousness
by entrusting education to the friars, who are accused by Spaniards, Filipinos, and foreigners of wanting
the country's inhumane treatment, and who themselves attest to it through their behavior and literary
works." Jose Rizal's annotation could be classified as socio-political in that it focused on education and the
administration system in the Philippines at the time. I could clearly sense the message Rizal wanted to
convey through his annotation. In my opinion, this annotation accurately expresses his exact feelings about
the harsh treatment of the friars he personally experienced, as well as his family members, relatives,
companions, and all Filipinos during the Spanish regime.