Malaysia's energy 

infrastructure sector is largely dominated by Tenaga Nasional, the largest electric

utility company in Southeast Asia. Customers are connected to electricity through the National Grid.
[225]
 The other two electric utility companies in the country are Sarawak Energy and Sabah Electricity.
[226]
 In 2013, Malaysia's total power generation capacity was over 29,728 megawatts. Total electricity
generation was 140,985.01 GWh and total electricity consumption was 116,087.51 GWh. [227] Energy
production in Malaysia is largely based on oil and natural gas, owing to Malaysia's oil reserves and
natural gas reserves, which is the fourth largest in Asia-Pacific region.[228]

Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Malaysia

Population density (person per km2) in 2010

The percentage distribution of Malaysian population by ethnic group based on 2010 census

According to the Malaysian Department of Statistics, the country's population was 32,447,385 in
2020,[229] making it the 42nd most populated country. According to a 2012 estimate, the population is
increasing by 1.54 percent per year. Malaysia has an average population density of 96 people per
km2, ranking it 116th in the world for population density. People within the 15–64 age
group constitute 69.5 percent of the total population; the 0–14 age group corresponds to 24.5
percent; while senior citizens aged 65 years or older make up 6.0 percent. In 1960, when the first
official census was recorded in Malaysia, the population was 8.11 million. 91.8 per cent of the
population are Malaysian citizens.[230]
Malaysian citizens are divided along local ethnic lines, with 69.7 per cent considered bumiputera.
[231]
 The largest group of bumiputera are Malays, who are defined in the constitution as Muslims who
practise Malay customs and culture. They play a dominant role politically. [232] Bumiputera status is
also accorded to the non-Malay indigenous groups of Sabah and Sarawak: which
includes Dayaks (Iban, Bidayuh, Orang Ulu), Kadazan-Dusun, Melanau, Bajau and others. Non-
Malay bumiputeras make up more than half of Sarawak's population and over two thirds of Sabah's
population.[233][234] There are also indigenous or aboriginal groups in much smaller numbers on the
peninsular, where they are collectively known as the Orang Asli.[235] Laws over who gets bumiputera
status vary between states.[236]
There are also two other non-Bumiputera local ethnic groups. 22.5 per cent of the population
are Malaysian Chinese, while 6.8 per cent are Malaysian Indian.[231] The local Chinese have
historically been more dominant in the business community. Local Indians are mostly
of Tamil descent.[237][238] Malaysian citizenship is not automatically granted to those born in Malaysia,
but is granted to a child born of two Malaysian parents outside Malaysia. Dual citizenship is not
permitted.[239] Citizenship in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo are distinct from
citizenship in Peninsular Malaysia for immigration purposes. Every citizen is issued a biometric
smart chip identity card known as MyKad at the age of 12, and must carry the card at all times. [240]
The population is concentrated on Peninsular Malaysia, [241] where 20 million out of approximately
28 million Malaysians live.[46] 70 per cent of the population is urban.[156] Due to the rise in labour-
intensive industries,[242] the country is estimated to have over 3 million migrant workers; about 10 per
cent of the population.[243] Sabah-based NGOs estimate that out of the 3 million that make up the
population of Sabah, 2 million are illegal immigrants.[244] Malaysia hosts a population of refugees and
asylum seekers numbering approximately 171,500. Of this population, approximately 79,000 are
from Burma, 72,400 from the Philippines, and 17,700 from Indonesia. Malaysian officials are
reported to have turned deportees directly over to human smugglers in 2007, and Malaysia
employs RELA, a volunteer militia with a history of controversies, to enforce its immigration law. [245]