INTODUCTION TO THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION AND ITS

ROLES IN THE WORLD

INTRODUCTION

The UNITED NATIONS is an international organization founded in 1945 whose aims are to facilitate
cooperation in international law , international security , Economic development, social progress, human
rights and achieving World Peace.

The UN officially come into existence on October 24 , 1945

 HEADQUARTER OF UNO

First Avenue , UN Plaza , New York City, New York , United States of America

 FLAG OF UNO
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 1. The UN was founded as a successor to the League of Nations .
2. The League of Nations ,that ended the First World War , was the first worldwide
Intergovernmental organisation whose principle mission was to maintain World Peace.
3. The League of Nations was widely considered as ineffective in its role as it had been unable
to prevent WW2 .
4. So after its failure the need for establishing a new international organisation to work for
World peace and progress was felt .
5. A meeting was held at Dumbarton Oaks for the formation of the United Nations , where The
principles of the organisation were laid down.
6. From April 25 to June 26,1945 delegates from 50 nations met at San Francisco to draft a
Charter for the United nations . Which was later joined by Poland.
7. India was also one of the 51 original members of the UN Who signed the UN charter.
8. So the League of Nations was dissolved and a whole new organisation come into existence
On October 24 1945.

 MEMBERS OF UNO
 1. The total number of members of the United nations at present is 193.
2. The latest country that joined the United nations organisations on July 14 2011 is South Sudan.

• Permanent and non permanent members of United Nations’ Security Council

Membership of UN security council consists of the 5 permanent members having veto power which are:

1. China
2. France
3. Russia
4. United states of America
5. United Kingdoms

And 10 non permanent members which hold their place in Security Council for a term of two years .

• STRUCTURE OF UNO
The UN has 6 principal organs :

1. The General Assembly

2. The Security Council
3. The economic and social council
4. The trusteeship council
5. The international Court of Justice
6. The secretariat

All of them have their headquarters in New York except the international Court of Justice which

Has its headquarters in the Hague.

ROLE OF UNO IN THE WORLD

The United Nations has made enormous contributions in maintaining

International peace and security, promoting cooperation among states and

International development.

Its 5 major roles are :

1. Maintaining international peace and security

The United Nations came into being in 1945 with the central mission of the maintenance of
International peace and security. The UN does this by working on to prevent conflict; helping parties in
Conflict to make peace; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. The UN Security
Council identifies the existence of threat to the peace and calls the parties involved for settling the
Dispute.

2. Protect human rights

The principal UN Body responsible for human rights is the Human Rights Council (HRC).Its role is to
Prevent human rights violations and secure respect for human rights by promoting international
Cooperation . The OHCHR( office of the high commission for Human rights) conducts a very broad range
Of activities from is headquarters in Geneva. It also works directly in areas where there are severe
Human rights violations.

3. Support sustainable development and climate action

The United Nations launched its sustainable development agenda in 2015 due to the growing Need of a
sustainable model for the future generations . At the same time, climate change Began making a severe
impact on the consciousness of humanity. No country in the world is Safe from the effects of climate
change. Therefore , it become critically important that the International community meet the UN’s
Sustainable Development Goals.

4. Uphold international law

The UN Charter, in its Preamble, set an objective: “to establish conditions under which justice and
Respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be
Maintained” . Since then the development and respect for international law has been a key part of the
Work of the Organization. This work is carried out in many ways – by INTERNATIONAL CORT OF JUSTICE,
other courts and tribunals, multilateral treaties and by the Security Council .
4. Deliver humanitarian aid

One of the purposes of the United Nations, as stated in its Charter, is “to achieve international Co-
operation in solving international problems of humanitarian character.” The UN first did this After of
the Second World War by helping to rebuild the devastated continent of Europe. OCHA Aid the
nations who are suffering, particularly victims of armed conflict, famines, and natural Disasters.