CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Breakfast is considered as the most important meal of the day as it provides energy and
essential nutrients that the body needs to function properly for the whole day. Breakfast gives
strength for the brain, enhance studying and improve a learner’s overall performance at school.
Thus, students who are breakfast use to perform extra most useful at school resulting to high
grades and good academic achievements, more active and focused on the lesson.
According to Katie Adolphus, et al. Breakfast consumption is associated with positive
outcomes for diet quality, micronutrients intake, weight status, and lifestyle factors.
However, numerous people skip breakfast and now a days it has been common breakfast
skipping is one of the unhealthy habits that may affect the student’s ability and functioning in
terms of academics. Breakfast skipper’s students, according to Read, 1973, Chang et al, 1994,
are recorded to performed lower at school as those students lose their concentration and
motivation because of hunger that highly decrease the effective time of learning in class.
Subsequently, with this we can say that skipping breakfast affects the student’s performance
at school and breakfast has a significant role on a learner’s performances. Several studies
indicates that breakfast consumption provides energy for the brain that helps to improve learning
capability in terms of cognitive, behavior, execution, and school performances. On the other
hand, skipping breakfast increase the risk of having diseases and health problem such as in
cardiovascular.
The objectives of this are to:
 Investigate the effect of skipping breakfast on student performances.
 Identify factors that affects respondent to skip their breakfast.

STATEMENT OF THE PTROBLEM

This study aims to determine the effect of breakfast skipping in the academic performance of
Senior High School Students at Cabacao National High School.
Specifically, it answers the following question:
1. What are the effects of skipping breakfast on students’ academic performance?
2. What are the factors that affecting / influencing a student to skip their breakfast?
 3. What is the level of significant of health consciousness on student academic
performance?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings from this study will be useful to:

Students: The result of the study provides information about the effect of skipping breakfast that
will give them insight and knowledge on how breakfast skipping could affect their performance
at school.
Parents: The findings will serve as a reminder for them to attend their child needs especially in
terms of health. This will also provide knowledge to the parents on how does skipping breakfast
affect their Childs health and performance at school.
Future Researcher: This study is also significant to future researchers who studies have similar
finding of the study.
Teachers: After this study, teachers will identify the effect of breakfast skipping to their students
and its effect to their performance at school.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Breakfast Students Academic

Consumption Performance

Independent variable Dependent variable

RESEARCH PARADIGM

The research paradigm of this study is introduced to provide view of the work to be done.
The dependent variables are the way which the students’ performance is to be analyzed. The
independent variables is breakfast consumption which manipulates the impact on students
educational performances.
 THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

Increased available
level of energy

Improved Improve
Breakfast
nutritional Capacity for School
Consumption
status active Performance
learning

Better School
Effective
Attendance
schooling

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic Performances
- Measurement of academic performances and progress of a students.
Breakfast
- The first meal of the day or the most important meal of the day.
Effect
- The impact of something.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

Geographically, the study will be conducted in Cabacao National High School focusing on
the effect of breakfast skipping on a student’s Academic Performances. As for the respondent the
researcher will take 100 students in Senior high as a sample size from the sample population
using.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Skipping breakfast end up a common addiction among adolescents. Breakfast is the most
important meal of the day as it gives electricity for the body. However, numerous people omit
breakfast resulting to negative health life.
Breakfast is a vital feature of consuming regimes as it is associated with healthier intake of
essential nutrients. Breakfast consumption help improve mental capacity, learning capabilities
particularly work memory.
Dr. Mariah M. Kawatha (2013), stated that breakfast skipping has an association with
academic achievement. Students who ate breakfast use to pay attention and centered in type
lessons, more active and alert. Breakfast skippers have been mental improvement and decrease
academic achievement. Students who skip breakfast has lack focus and susceptible reminiscence
and many of them fail the test compared to breakfast eaters. Therefore, breakfast skipping can be
viewed as a barrier to foremost learning.
Moreover, Aarthin M. Vishnu Priya and Gayathri (2015) cited that majority of people who
skip breakfast especially those underneath the age of children it influences their health and the
most common effects discovered are fainting and loss of concentration. In addition to that, Diana
(2015) stated that ladies are greater in all likelihood to skip breakfast than adults make due to the
reality that female under the age of adolescents tends to be extra self-aware about their bodily
appearance and skipping breakfast is one of the ways lose weight. Considering themselves
overweight despite having in accordance with their age and carried on weight loss practices
(Murphy). However, most of breakfast skippers as pined to the breakfast daily, knowing there
are some gains of having breakfast often. Moreover, the pattern of meal skipping among
breakfast skippers and non-skippers, mid-morning meal was never skipped by any of the
breakfast skippers in case of breakfast non-skippers. This is maybe due to the fact that breakfast
skippers have a tendency to experience hungry through mid-morning than non-breakfast
skippers. Therefore, breakfast skippers never skip mid-morning meal, in contrast to breakfast
non-skippers. According to survey, 69 percent of Filipinos think about breakfast important. 86
percent selecting it as the most essential meal of the day. Eating a good quality of breakfast
enlarge emotions of motivation and concentration.
RT Pivik et al study suggest that children solved simple addition problems after an overnight
fast and again after having eaten or skipped breakfast. Power of low frequency EEG activity [2
Hertz (Hz) bands in the 2-12 Hz range] was determined from recordings over frontal and parietal
brain regions associated with mathematical thinking during mental calculation of correctly
answered problems. Relative to fed children, those who continued to fast be showed greater
power increases in upper theta (6-8 Hz) and both alpha bands (8-10 Hz; 10-12 Hz) across sites.
Increased theta suggests greater demands on working memory. Fed children also showed a
significant increase in correct response while children who continued to fast do not.
Taken collectively the findings advice that neural network exercise involved in processing
numerical information is functionally better and performance is elevated in adolescents who have
been breakfast, whereas larger intellectual effort is required fir this mathematical thinking in
teenagers who pass breakfast.
Increased frequency of habitual breakfast was once consistently positively associated with
academic performance. Some evidence advised that quality habitual breakfast, in phrase of
presenting a greater variety of meals companies and ample energy, was positively related to
school performance. However, these associations can be attributed, in part, to confounders such
as SES and to methodological weaknesses such as the subjective nature of the observations of
behavior in class.
Students’ academic achievements are associated with their health behaviors. In fact,
research has shown that between physical health and educational performance. Students who are
physically greater grades and be much less probable to drop of school. Health behaviors such us
sleep best and physical recreation appear necessary performance and affect experience, an
indicator of intellectual health, during a demanding examination period. Children who are
unhealthy are at higher risk for school issues that students who are free from medical problems.
Students with poor health have a higher likelihood of faculty failure, grade retention and drop out
(Steven R. Shaw, et al).