FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 is made up of five parts, namely: (1): Background

and Theoretical Framework of the Study, (2) Statement of the

problem and the Hypothesis, (3) Significance of the study, (4)

Definition of Terms, and (5) Delimitation of the Study.

Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study,

presents the introduction, discusses the rationale for conducting

the investigation and presents the theoretical framework, which

serves as the study’s frame of reference.

Part Two, Statement of the Problem and the Hypotheses, gives

the main problem and the specific questions the study seeks for

an answer. It also represents the hypothesis to be tested.

Part Three, significance of the study, provides explanations

on what benefit each stakeholder will have on the research

results.

Part Four, Definition of Terms, gives the meaning of the

important terms used in the study conceptually and operationally.

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, sets the scope of the

research in terms of research design, participants, sample size

and sampling procedures, locale, data-gathering instruments, and

statistical tools employed in the analysis of data.

Background and Rationale

Evidence is growing that sleep problems in adolescents are

significant impediments to learning and negatively affect

behavior, attainment of social competence and quality of life.

Sleeping during class hours is one of the primary concerns of

teachers with regards to the academic performance of the

students. Most know that getting a good night’s sleep is

important, but too few actually make those eight or so hours

between the sheets a priority. Lack of energy, mental

absenteeism, sleeping during class, and low scores in quizzes and

periodical tests are some of the symptoms that are observed which

relates to poor sleeping habit or pattern. Based from these

observations and results, something must be done to improve the

sleeping pattern of the students in order to improve their

academic performance.
 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests that most

average adults need about 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night.

Newborn babies, by contrast, sleep from 16 to 18 hours a day.

Preschool-aged children typically sleep between 10 and 12 hours a

day. Older, school-aged children and teens need at least 9 hours

of sleep a night.

Many people view sleep as merely a “down time” when their

brains shut off and their bodies rest. People may cut back on

sleep, thinking it won’t be a problem, because other

responsibilities seem much more important. But research shows

that a number of vital tasks carried out during sleep help people

stay healthy and function at their best.

While you sleep, your brain is hard at work forming the

pathways necessary for learning and creating memories and new

insights. Without enough sleep, you can’t focus and pay attention

or respond quickly. A lack of sleep may even cause mood problems.

Also, growing evidence shows that a chronic lack of sleep

increases your risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease,

and infections. (National Heart; Lung; and Blood Institute;

National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

Human Services; Your Guide to Healthy Sleep; Originally printed

November 2005; Revised August 2011).

In a study conducted by Phillips, et. al., 2017, they

observed that students with more regular sleep patterns had

better school grades on average. In fact, they found out that

irregular patterns of sleep and wakefulness correlated with lower

grade point average, delayed sleep/wake timing, and delayed

release of the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin.

(https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170612094045.html:

retrieved: 12/21/2008).

The researcher, backed by literature, by her observations

inside the classroom, and by her experience as a teacher,

inferred that the sleeping pattern of an individual has an

influence in the academic performance of the Junior High School

students.

In line with this study, the researchers will attempt to

find out how the sleeping pattern of a student affects their

academic performance. The conduct of this research is inclined

with the possibility of improving the students’ overall academic

performance by regulating their sleeping patterns and how the

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

students could possibly change these sleeping patterns in order

to improve their performance in the classroom.

This study is anchored on the Hierarchy of Needs Theory by

Abraham Maslow. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic

level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly

desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level

needs. Maslow also coined the term "metamotivation" to describe

the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic

needs and strive for constant betterment.

Physiological needs are the physical requirements for human

survival. If these requirements are not met, the human body

cannot function properly and will ultimately fail. Physiological

needs are thought to be the most important; they should be met

first. This is the first and basic need on the hierarchy of

needs. Without them, the other needs cannot follow up.

Physiological needs include air (breathing), water, food,

sexual instinct, sleep, clothing and shelter.

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Sleeping Pattern in
terms of:

a. Average sleeping
time

b. Length of Academic
sleeping time Performance
c. Pre-sleep
routine

d. Sleep
environment

Figure 1. A schematic diagram showing the relationship that

exists between the respondents’ sleeping pattern and their

academic performance.

Statement of the Problem

This study will attempt to determine the relationship

between the sleep pattern and academic performance among Junior

High School students of San Roque Integrated School, San Roque,

Malinao, Aklan for the school year 2018-2019. Specifically, it

will attempt to answer the following questions:

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Grade Level

2. What is the sleeping pattern of the respondents in terms of:

a. Average sleeping time

b. Length of sleeping time

c. Pre-sleep routine

d. Sleep environment

3. Is there a significant difference between the profile of the

respondents in terms of age, sex and grade level and their

sleeping pattern in terms of average sleeping time, length

of sleeping time, pre-sleep routine and sleep environment?

4. Is there a significant difference among the profile of the

respondents in terms of age, sex and grade level and their

academic performance?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the sleeping

pattern of the respondents in terms of average sleep time,

length of sleeping time, pre-sleep routine and sleep

environment and its academic performance?

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

Hypothesis:

There is no significant relationship between the sleeping

pattern of the respondents in terms of average sleep time, length

of sleeping time, pre-sleep routine and sleep environment and its

academic performance.

Significance of the study:

This study will generate information about the junior high

school students’ sleeping patterns and academic performance which

may be beneficial to the following:

Students. This study may possibly be valuable to the

students for they will be more aware of their sleeping patterns

and how it can affect their academic performance. Such awareness

may motivate them to find effective ways on how to overcome

whatever impediments, which contributed to their low academic

performance. Finally, as a result, they will give importance and

necessity of a good sleeping pattern in their everyday life.

Teachers. This study will provide valuable information about

the students’ sleeping pattern and help them become more aware of

the positive and negative effects of a good/bad study habits and

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

how they can help their students improve their academic

performance.

Parents. This study may possibly make the parents understand

the importance of a good sleeping pattern and how they can help

their children become more responsible with their performance in

school.

Future researchers. The future researchers will benefit to

this study in the sense that the results of this study will serve

as a springboard for similar studies in the future.

Definition of Terms

For purpose of clarity and understanding, the following

terms will be given their conceptual and operational meaning:

Sleeping Patterns- our habitual patterns in sleep

(psychologydictionary.org, 2013)

In this study, sleeping pattern is described as the subject

of the study being conducted.

Junior High School-a school attended after elementary school and

usually consisting of grades seven through nine. (Random House

Dictionary,2018)
 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

In this study, it is described as the object of the study

being conducted.

San Roque Integrated School- is a company engaged in Public

Elementary and Secondary School located in San Roque, Malinao,

Aklan. (philippinecompanies.com,2018)

In this study, this term is defined as the locale of the

study.

Academic Performance- is measured by the final grade earned in

the course. (Shelton, et. al, Handbook of Research on Building,

Growing, and Sustaining Quality E-Learning Programs, 2017)

In this study, it is described as the dependent variable of

the study.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This propose study aims to determine the relationship

between the sleeping patterns and the academic performance of the

Junior High School students ages 13-18 of San Roque Integrated

School in San Roque Malinao, Aklan for the school year 2018-2019.

The aspects that will be looked into is the sleeping pattern of

the students in terms of average sleeping time, length of

 FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Roxas City, Capiz

sleeping time and pre-sleep routines in connection to their

academic performance.

The data needed for the study were gathered using

researcher-made instruments mainly: Part I- Profile of the

Respondents in terms of age, sex, and grade level, Part II-

General Sleep Patterns consisting of 7 items, Part III- Pre-sleep

Routine consisting of 10 items, and Part IV- Sleeping Environment

consisting of 10 items.

The dependent variable in this study is the sleep pattern

and the independent variable is the academic performance.

The statistical tools used in data analysis to analyze the

profile of the respondents were the mean and standard deviation

and Pearson’s r to determine the relationship between the

dependent and independent variable. All inferential tests were

set at .05 alpha level.