SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS EFFECTS TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

GRADE 12 STUDENTS IN MARIVELES SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – SITIO

MABUHAY FOR THE SY 2021 – 2022

A Research Presented to Faculty of

Mariveles Senior High School – Sitio Mabuhay

In Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2

By:
Euary R. Bañadera

Research Adviser:
Ma’am Felina Sarmiento
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the Effects of Sleep Deprivation to academic
performance of Grade 12 STEM students in Mariveles Senior High School – Sitio Mabuhay
The study used the descriptive method or quantitative research. Random sampling was
used in determining the randomly selected respondents from Mariveles Senior High School
– Sitio Mabuhay with the total of 20 respondents. Questionnaires were used in gathering all
the data. The gathered data from the survey were tallied, analyzed and interpreted through
the use of frequency, percentage and weighted mean.
 CHAPTER 1
The Problem: It’s Rationale and Background

Background of the Study

Sleep deprivation, also known as insufficient sleep or sleeplessness, is the condition of not
having enough sleep. It can be either chronic or acute and may vary widely in severity. A
chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness and
increased appetite leading to weight gain. It adversely affects the brain and cognitive
function (Arakelyun, 2019).For some theories, the historical development/background of
sleep deprivation is that occurs when inadequate sleep leads to decreased performance,
inadequate alertness, and deterioration in health. It is incompletely understood why
humans need sleep, although some theories include energy conservation, restoration, and
information processing. If left to rule unchecked, as Wagner (2011) claims, this problem will
expand and create a total avoidance pattern on the part of the senior high school students,
which can be expressed most visibly in the form of poor academic performance.

As we can see, this will negatively affect the performance in their academics. In fact,
the study conducted by Dewald (2010) determined that the outcomes of sleep deprivation
do not, only negatively affect the student’s academic performance but also in their health.
Without a doubt, therefore, sleep deprivation is a problem for the many senior high school
students which will negatively affect the academic success and their health. Hence, it is
precisely in this context that the researcher of this study aims to determine the effects of
sleep deprivation to the students with sleep deprivation.

In particular, this proposed research study aims to determine the effects of sleep
deprivation to the senior high school students in MSHS-Sitio Mabuhay in the academic
performance of Grade 12 STEM students.

Statement of the Problem

This study seek to determine what contributes to sleep deprivation and see how it then
effects academic performance of the grade 12 STEM students.
Specifically, the study seeks answer to the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age:
 b. Sex:
c. Grade level:
2. How does sleep deprivation affects the student’s academic performance?
3. Will sleep deprivation worsen a student’s academic performance?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is focus in identifying the effects of sleep deprivation to the academic
performance of senior high school students who are currently enrolled in STEM strand of
Mariveles Senior High School – Sitio Mabuhay. The researchers conduct this study to know
how sleep deprivation affects their physical and mental health. This study will be conducted
during the academic year 2021 – 2022.

This study is limited to (30) Grade 12 STEM students in Mariveles Senior High School – Sitio
Mabuhay for SY 2021 – 2022. The main instrument and method for this study to be served is
conducting an interview. In this study, Messenger chat conversation, types of personal
documents, were utilized. The said documents were used to know the effects of sleep
deprivation to the academic performance of Grade 12 STEM senior high school students
which later served as part of the research data to be collected. The research data to be
collected was then analyzed with the experiences of the senior high school students to
easily analyzed the themes which was further used in identifying the effects of sleep
deprivation to Grade 12 STEM senior high school students.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis of this study is:

there is no significant relationship between sleep deprivation and student’s academic
Ho:

performance.
 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Preventing bad sleep habit
Conducting activities or
seminars to assist and
degrade the problem of
sleep deprivation
Students should limit their
use of social media
Students will have more
time to manage their
schoolwork in order to avoid
sleep deprivation and avoid
sleep problems as a result of
insufficient sleep

Definition Of Terms

Academic Performance - one of the variables of this study, The researcher linked it to
sleep deprivation.

Sleep Deprivation – sleep deprivation is a problem that affects many students, particularly
grade 12 STEM students. It can result in major health issues, academic difficulties, and
emotional distress. The amount of sleep time required to maintain alertness, cognitive
functions, and a healthy lifestyle is reduced. Constant awakenings and disruptions in the
sleep environment might result in sleep deprivation.
Respondents – the individuals who participated in this research, the people who are
somewhat responsible for making this research happen.
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature

This chapter proffers the related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth forage
done by the researchers. The literature and studies adduced in this chapter addresses the different
ideas, concepts, generalization, conclusions and also the different development related to the study
starting from the past up to the present. This will serve as a guide for the researchers in developing
the project. Moreover, the information included in this chapter, helps in familiarizing details that are
apposite and similar to the present study

Foreign Studies

According to James Zeitzer( 2016), having inadequate of sleep can affect the students’ performance
the next day, having two following nights of having less than six hours could lead a student inactive
and can cause dizziness for the rest of the week . Researchers also found that staying up more hours
before going to bed, even if it’s followed by a full night’s sleep the next day, are more related with
slower performance of the students. But going to bed an hour earlier than normal time of sleep has
a minor effect. The web-scale study are responsible for the perception of the impact of sleep
deprivation in the real world especially in students who are prone to this kind of situation, where
people compensate for lost sleep with extra coffee and naps, and otherwise adapt to Life
circumstances that limit sleep.

As per Peters(2019), someone can be bad-tempered or irritable, but difficulty in sleeping may
contribute to anxiety and depression. Weakening of the frontal lobe of the brain may also hinder
with higher level cognitive processes called executive functions. This can undermine judgment,
critical thinking, relationships, problem solving, planning, and organization. People who sleep less
than seven hours per night has reaction times that are similar to those who are completely sleep
deprived for one or even two nights. This leads to errors, accidents, and impaired work performance.

Sleep is critical for memory consolidation, learning, decision making, and critical thinking. Sleep is
thus necessary for the optimal operation of key cognitive functions related to academic and perhaps
social success in higher education. Because of the activities the students do, their sleep habits are
often one of their daily routines to change and not usually for the better. Both sleep deprivation and
poor sleep quality are particularly prominent in young adult and college student populations.
Indeed, based on research within other academic fields such as medicine and biology, we know that
night’s rest is essential for helping maintain mood, motivation, memory and cognitive performance.
While asleep, the brain integrates new knowledge and forms new associations (El, D. et. al. (2015).

According to Natan (2015) students having sleep deprivation can instantly involve the reaction and
interaction about their performance, which gives to less anxiety, dizziness and unproductiveness
that can improve their academic performance. Finally it is known that sleep deprivation and
decreased academic performance is identified with a range of behavioral, psychological, cognitive
and emotional concerns.
 One aspect of preparing for success is formulating a plan and working strategically to execute the
plan. However, distractions originate in all forms, shapes, and noises within the online student’s
environment. Outward distractions include noise, people speaking, TV, music, and alarms, which
sidetrack individuals from staying focused to complete a task. Inner distractions like hunger,
tiredness, ailments, anxiety, uncertainties, or other disturbing thoughts can interfere with thinking.
Inner distractions can be as effective in diverting an individual’s attention as external distractions
(Andersson. et. at. (2014).

Foreign Literature

We examined the effect of sleep deprivation on self motion perception (vection). We measured
the strength of Vection, its latency, and its duration in two conditions: Sleep-Deprivation and
Normal-Sleep the Sleep-Deprivation condition, participants did not sleep for about 20 hours. We also
recorded subjective sleepiness with a subjective rating scale that was filled out by the participants.
Results showed that vection strength did not differ between the two conditions. Sleep deprivation
did not have any clear effect on vection. As expected, subjective sleepiness significantly increased
following sleep deprivation. Further, subjective sleepiness significantly correlated with vection
latency and duration only in the normal sleep condition. Vection was immune to sleep deprivation.
We conclude that when people are not deprived of sleep, sleepiness can enhance the perceived
strength of vection (Masaki, O. et. al. (2015).

The harmful effects of technological devices, including smart phones have been increasingly
suspected among university students; bedtimes have become increasingly later at night, and leisure
activities often extend through the night. Likewise, availability and need of increasing part-time job
hours have been considered. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship among
lifestyles, quality of sleep, and daytime drowsiness of nursing students of University A. The research
was conducted in June 2015, when student life rhythms were considered stable after two months of
lectures. Responses with missing values or with inappropriate answers were excluded. Of the data
collected from 96 respondents, only 71 were acceptable. The survey focused on lifestyle, daytime
sleepiness (using ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and quality of subjective sleep (Miki, S. et. al.
( 2017).

There are a lot of reasons why kids aren't getting enough sleep these days -- staying up late to
watch TV or play video games, being on social media till all hours of the night, needing to stay up to
finish homework or do extracurricular activities. This isn't a good thing though. For one, not getting
enough sleep can actually affect a child's immune system by decreasing the cells which help us fight
infections and increasing the cells that create inflammation (Gellener C. (2018).

Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual gets less sleep than they need to feel awake and alert.
People vary in how little sleep is needed to be considered sleep-deprived. Some people such as older
adults seem to be more resistant to the effects of sleep deprivation, while others, especially children
and young adults, are more vulnerable. Although occasional sleep interruptions are generally no
more than a nuisance, ongoing lack of sleep can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, emotional
difficulties, poor job performance, obesity and a lowered perception of quality of life. There is no
questioning the importance of restorative sleep, and a certain amount of attention is necessary to
both manage and prevent sleep deprivation (Kathleen, D. FNP. (2018).
Local Literature

A study had a group of students being given a series of math problems with some tips on how to
solve these. they were told that there was an easier way or shortcut to solve the problems that they
should discover during the process. They were tested 12 hours after the training. Among the
students who were not allowed to sleep before the math test, only 20 percent discovered the
shortcut. However, those students who were allowed eight hours of sleep performed much better.
Sixty percent of them found the shortcut. In a study of 3,000 students by Wolfson and Carskadon
using a behavior survey with self-reported grades, students with higher grades reported more sleep
and earlier bedtimes on school nights and reduced weekend delays of sleep schedules than
students with lower grades. Other studies showed similar results (Philippine inquirer. (2015).

Staying up late to cram for an early exam may not be doing college students any good, according to
a new study focused on college students and their sleep patterns. The study, published Monday in
the journal Scientific Reports, says college students who did not go to bed or wake up at consistent
times every day were more likely to have lower grades. For the study, 61 students from Harvard
College kept online diaries of their sleep schedules for 30 days. Researchers identified two groups:
regular sleepers, or those who went to bed and woke up about the same time every day, and
irregular sleepers, had different sleep patterns every day. There were several differences between
regular and irregular sleepers, including significant differences in grade point averages. Using a
unique scoring index from zero to 100 to calculate a student's sleep regularity, students with very
irregular sleep patterns were given lower scores close to zero; while more regular sleepers were
given higher scores close to 100 (Knight, V. (2017).

Studies have shown that, in the last few decades, children (and therefore, adults) have been
sleeping less and less. Adults whose parents enforced strict bedtime rules have been found to
function more efficiently at work and sleep more than hour more than those who grew up with no
rules on when to sleep. Other research showed that if you deprive a healthy adult of sleep for six
straight days, his body chemistry will resemble that of someone literally twice his age, and it will take
him a full week to get his metabolism back to normal (Velasco, B. (The Philippine Star). (2015).

According to Philippine State College (2013),emotional factors such as anxiety, depression, life
stressors, or disturbing thoughts at bedtime may create sleep disorders. Of course, these effects are
of great importance for students in all majors especially to those aeronautical students who have
flight responsibilities. This research has been made to identify the relationship between lack of sleep
and the quality of the performances done by the students of Philippine State College of Aeronautics.
Students will benefit from this research for this may help in informing them why they should take
enough sleep. This may also show the direct relationship that the quality of sleep received by the
students affects their performance and participation in school. Related Studies Lack of sleep (Sleep
Deprivation) Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic
or acute. A chronic sleep restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness and
weight loss or weight gain. It adversely affects the brain and cognitive function.

Urbanization aggravates our sleep problems, with greater population densities that result in your
hearing your neighbors’ karaoke, snoring, and other stuff that go bumping in the night. Then there
are urban sprawl ad long commuting times that mean having to wake up extra early to leave and
getting home extra late. Besides the reduced time for sleep, the quality suffers too, with many
interruptions. Imagine too people trying to make up the luck of sleep by catnapping in the traffic, or
at school and work (Tan, M.L., (2018).

Local Studies

By now, you’re already well-aware that a lack of sleep can cause serious health issues, but what
you probably didn’t know is it doesn’t only affect your body—it affect your relationships as well as
your chances in love, and in this case, it can make you feel lonely. In a new study from the University
of California featured on The Sleep Doctor, researchers found that sleep-deprived people are
inclined to keep their distance from others and avoid interactions, similar to those dealing with
social anxiety. At first, it may sound normal—who doesn’t have those lazy days in the office when
you just can’t be bothered by anyone, right? But, if you’re constantly puyat, research showed it may
make you socially ―undesirable‖ to your peers, which creates a cycle of isolation and loneliness.
What’s more, it was found that even well-rested individuals feel lonely after coming across a
sleepless person, suggesting that the effect of poor sleep is also contagious (Owen, J. C. (2019).

According to Zipkin (2017), in Education the CDC also identified that ―the prevalence of healthy
sleep duration was highest among respondents with a college degree or higher‖ at 71.5 percent. So
if you find yourself tossing and turning, maybe consider auditing a few classes or pursuing an
advanced degree. The environment new research from Harvard found a correlation between rising
temperatures due to climate change and a loss of sleep. And a recent study identified that air
pollution, specifically nitrogen dioxide, impacts our ability to sleep well. City dwellers in particular
are at risk on top of the other stressors inherent to living in bustling metropolitan centers. Air
pollution has increased by 8 percent across the world since 2011, according to data the World Health
Organization released last year.

Sleep Deprivation can substantially lower an individual’s overall quality of life. While the occasional
poor night’s sleep is not a serious problem in itself, persistence of sleep deprivation can be. There is
no substitute for restorative sleep. A certain amount of care should be taken to prevent the
persistence of sleep deprivation in all individuals of all ages. We are not here in this world because
we exist, we are here because we need to accomplish the goals that are set in front of us and these
are clear reason why we need that good quality sleep. Quality Sleep Care can help you achieve
those goals (Tan, R. (2019 ).

In 2014, According to the Inquirer via research from Sun Life Financial Asia, Filipinos have the worst
health habits among eight major countries in the Asia Pacific. Aside from the Philippines, China,
Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, and Thailand were the countries included in
the research study. The statistics revealed that approximately half of Filipinos sleep less than six
hours daily. The importance of sleep can’t be stressed enough. Sleep deprivation can wreak havoc
on different areas of your health. Health line highlights that consistent lack of sleep can hijack your
immune system, dampen your disposition, cause mood swings, mess up your metabolism, and even
increase the chances of cardiovascular disease, just to name a few. More and more Filipinos have
fallen victim to these disadvantages because having a dependable sleeping routine hasn’t been one
of their strongest suits. One reason for this can be attributed to the weather conditions native to
their country.

According to Castro (2017), naturally, if your body already experiences negative effects over the
short-term, you wouldn’t want to wait for the extended version. Chronic sleep deprivation weakens
your immune system, leaving you vulnerable to serious health problems. Long-term sleep loss cause
your body to change the way it processes glucose, which may lead to adult-onset diabetes. Your
heart rate and blood pressure increase, which lead to inflammation and puts you at a higher risk for
heart disease. You are also more likely to gain weight and become obese from reduced levels of
leptin, which is a hormone that makes you feel full. You need to contend with higher levels of
ghrelin, which stimulates hunger—now you know where the late night fast food cravings come from!
And guess what? You’re also more likely to develop long-term anxiety, depression, and other mood
disorders. As if being cranky from one sleepless night isn’t bad enough. These health issues Sure put
worries about dark circles under your eyes in perspective
 CHAPTER 3

Research Design and Methodology

In this chapter the research methodology used in the study is described. The population, the
instrument used to collect the data and sample are defined. Specifically, this research will cover the
Research Method, Research Sample, Research Instrument and Statistical analysis used.

Research Method

The researchers used descriptive method or quantitative research in this study. A

quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process to describe and test
relationships and examine cause and effect interactions among variables (Burns and Grove
1993). Also a quantitative method is compatible with the study a very specific and set terms
(Cooper & Schindler, 1998). It is a design which describes the nature of a situation because it
allows the research problem to be conducted in as it exists at the time of the study and
explores the course of particular phenomena. It is used to discover fact in which
professional judgment could be used.

Sample and Sampling

The population of the study included the Grade 12 STEM students in Mariveles Senior
High School – Sitio Mabuhay consisting of 300 Grade 12 STEM students but the 10% of it will
be the respondents: total of 30 respondents.
The data were gathered from randomly selected. Respondents of Grade 12 STEM students,
all the sections are included (STEM A, STEM B and STEM C).

Research Instrument

The main instrument used in this study was the questionnaires. The researchers designed
self administered questionnaires for the data gathering process to get the quantitative
information. The questionnaire was structured in such a way that respondents will be able
to answer it easily. Thus, the set of questionnaire was structured using the Nominal Scale.
According to most of researches, a Nominal Scale, as the name implies, is simply some
placing of data into categories, without any order or structure. In research activities a
YES/NO scale is nominal. It has no order and there is no distance between YES and NO.
Data Gathering Method

The following were the steps followed in order to finish the research paper:
Step 1: The first step is to choose a topic. Following the introduction of the research paper,
the researcher was instructed to come up with a topic in which they could identify the
issues or problems that they had encountered while studying, so that the researcher could
learn more about the problem and have opportunities to collect data and decide what steps
to take next.

Step 2: The topic must be approved. Following the formulation of the study's concept, it was
subjected to several rounds of checking and revision before being authorized.

Step 3: Create the chapters. Following the completion of the after deciding on a topic, the
researcher began writing the first chapter, which contained an introduction to the problem
and its context. Before moving on to the second chapter, it was revised a few times. After a
few weeks of finishing the first chapter, the researcher began work on the second.

Step 4: The Research Instrument is formulated. The researcher created the questionnaires
that will be presented to the subject, where the data will be collected, two weeks after
finishing the second chapter. Preparing and refining the questionnaire took time. The
researcher moved on to the next phase after receiving approval.

Step 5: Choose a Subject. The senior high school STEM strand at Mariveles Senior High
School – Sitio Mabuhay is divided into three sections. The study’s population is 30 people.
To choose the subjects, the researcher chose 10 to 15 students at random from each section
to ensure that the population was evenly represented.

Step 6: Chapter 3 is being developed. The researcher then proceeded to the following phase
after gathering data from the subjects utilizing the research instrument. The research
method, research sample, research instrument, formula the researcher will use to compute
the given data, and data collection method are all discussed in this chapter.

Data Processing Method

The researcher meticulously tallied all of the data and determined the percentage using
the formula on the research instrument after gathering all of the necessary data.
Statistical Treatment Data

The researcher analyzed the data by using percentage, frequency count and weighted
mean. The data taken from questionnaire will be analyzed by using simple percentage.
Using the formula below:
P=f/n X 100
Where:
% = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = Total number of responses
100 = Constant variable
 CHAPTER 4
Results and Discussion of Data

This chapter concentrates on the researcher’s data, which is carefully presented,

evaluated, and interpreted. The purpose of this study is to determine how sleep deprivation
affects students’ academic performance at Mariveles Senior High School – Sitio Mabuhay.
To answer the issues posed in the problem statement, the current data was researched and
documents were examined. Analytical procedures are organized according to the order in
which certain inquiries are asked.

Table 1.1) Demographics Profile of the Respondents (N=30)

Variable Frequency Percentage

Grade level:
12 30 100.00%
Section:
STEM A 18 60.00%
STEM B 10 33.33%
STEM C 2 6.67%

Gender:
MALE 5 16.67%
FEMALE 25 83.33%

Table 1.1 shows that the respondents were not equally divided on each grade level; the
respondents are randomly selected by the researcher according to their sections. The
majority of the respondents are female with a frequency of 25 or 83.33% and the rest is
from the males with a frequency of 5 or 16.67%.
Figure 2) Having lack of sleep affect the study (N=30)

Having lack of sleep affect the study Yes No

27%

73%

Figure 2 above determines that the 73% of the respondents declares that having lack of
sleep affects their studies, while the rest 27% shows that having inadequate sleep did not
affect their studies.

Table 3) Causes of having sleep deprivation

100

90

80

70

60
Axis Title

50

40

30

20

10

0
Gadgets Family School Works

According to the chosen issue of the respondents the highest point of response is the
SCHOOL WORKS. 86.75% of the total respondents choose the SCHOOL WORKS. According to
the other questions the requirements, school activities etc. Is one of the lying issues of every
students’. They use their leisure agendas in performing other requirements in order to pass
it on time.
 CHAPTER 5
Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary and the corresponding conclusions derived from the
study. It also provides recommendations that could be adopted by other researchers and
readers whose main concern is the effects of sleep deprivation among grade 12 STEM
students.

Conclusion
Based on the previous study the researchers knew that sleep deprivation is related with
some health issues. Students having sleep deprivation have their adjustments in their daily
life some of them can do their performance successfully, while the majority of the students
who sleep deprived has the difficulty when it comes to learning. Grade 12 STEM students of
Mariveles Senior High School-Sitio Mabuhay. The most prone in this case of having sleep
deprivation, according to the data collected by the researchers the commonly issue that can
cause a student to be sleep deprived is the school works. Students should also know their
time when it comes to school works, they must know how being sleep deprived does affect
their performance in school. Sleep is an important biological necessity that all people need
to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It helps people work at an optimum level and is critical for
brain functioning, helping with all the cognitive functions such as memory, learning, decision
making, and critical thinking also.

Recommendations
 To students
-Students should get enough sleep in order to perform well in school.
-Students should begin to develop appropriate sleeping habits so that they can be more
alert in class and retain information.
-Students should be aware of their limitations and not push themselves beyond them, as
well as educated on the dangers of sleep deprivation.
-Students should have adequate time (8-9 hours) to complete their assignments of sleep
each night (especially before exams).
-Students should aim to study when their brains are at their best (typically around 6-8
p.m.) -Students should be taught and aware of the dangers of smoking.
  To Teachers
-Teachers should hold a seminar for all students, not just senior high students, as well as
school employees and parents.
-Teachers may suffer from sleep deprivation as a result of stress; they should learn how
to sleep at the appropriate times (adults 7-9 total hours of sleep). -According to the survey,
schoolwork has the highest point total. Teachers can help by reducing the number of
criteria. On weekends, they should not give any activities, written outputs, or other
assignments.
-Teachers should also verify their time limitations by using their leisure agendas or track
of their Daily Lesson Log.

 To all the Parents/Guardian

-Parents should also be aware of the consequences of their children’s sleep deprivation.
-Before retiring to bed, parents should check on their children to see if they are asleep or
not.
-Before going to bed, parents should seize all of their children’s superfluous items, such as
phones, laptops, and other electronic devices.
-To avoid sleep deprivation, parents should ensure that their children get enough sleep in
their homes (7 8 hours of sleep).
-Family agendas can be completed on weekends only (Friday night and Saturday night), not
during the week.