the United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain

international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve

international cooperation and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. (Wikipedia)

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second

World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security,

developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living

standards and human rights.

VIII. What is the primary function of the United Nations?

The main function of the United Nations is to preserve international peace and

security. Chapter 6 of the Charter provides for the pacific settlement of disputes, through the

intervention of the Security Council, by means such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and

judicial decisions.

IX. How did the United Nations start?

The name United Nations, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt,

was first used in the Declaration by the United Nations of 1 January 1942, during the Second World

War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting

together against the Axis Powers. In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco

at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations

Charter. Those delegates deliberated based on proposals worked out by the

representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States

at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The United Nations officially came

into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the

The Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most other

signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.

Are there permanent Members of the United Nations?

The Council is composed of 15 Members: Five permanent

members: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States, and

ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly (with the end of

term year).
GROUP 1 
Acot, Ana Jane
Andeo, Jelyn Marie
Arroyo, April Lyd
Bagallon, Rhiane May
Baring, Eulyn Mae
Buenafe, Cheryl
Cabasingan, Rica
Castañeda, Sofia

BSED 1E FILIPINO

GE 10
Lesson 7: Stereotype, Prejudices, and Discrimination

Activity 1
Reflect and answer the following question. 
1. What stereotype can you think about the following: 
1.1 Filipino men are stereotyped as breadwinners, unfaithful, self-sufficient, and dominant or the macho
culture. They are expected to be strong, independent, and provide because they are men. 
1.2 Filipino women are stereotyped as indecisive and cannot lead because they are weak. Also, to follow
the so-called Maria Clara image of a woman who is shy, demure, modest, self-effacing, and loyal to the
end.
1.3 Bisaya, Bicolano, and Ilocano are stereotyped as indays, the comic characters. Cebuanos are
stereotyped negatively because of the way they speak the national language. Also stereotyped as
uneducated, angry, and only capable of low-income jobs.
1.4 Bakla, tomboy, transgender is stereotyped as crossdressers. Bakla is stereotyped as effeminate, and
a hairdresser; tomboys are stereotyped as boastful, and transgender is stereotyped as confused. 
1.5 Senior citizens are stereotyped as slow, weak, and frail. Due to aging and muscle weakness, senior
citizens decrease physical activity and become unproductive. 

2. Are these negative or positive stereotypes? 

     Many of these are negative stereotypes, such as weak, boastful, uneducated, and unfaithful. Negative
stereotypes can harm the quality of life of older adults. Some are seemingly positive, such as modest,
strong, and independent. Being stereotyped affects decision-making. Individuals on the receiving end of
stereotyping are also impacted emotionally and behaviorally. Therefore, let us be kind and respect
everyone.

Activity 2: 
Look for TV or newspaper advertisements that you think are promoting stereotypes, prejudice, and
discrimination. Print or draw this on bond paper. Write a short essay explaining why you think so and
how to make the advertisement more inclusive.

    Dove executives polled over 3,000 women from 10 different nations at the beginning of the new
millennium to understand women’s issues and concerns. According to the poll, only 4% of women
worldwide believed they were gorgeous! “The major contribution to this declining self-esteem in
women is the unrealistic body depiction shown throughout the ages. Dove introduced the Evolution:
Real Beauty campaign to revive the brand and stand against age-old gender stereotypes.”.
    The initiative aims to broaden the concept of beauty throughout the world based. By using "actual"
people for its advertisements rather than supermodels, such as older ladies with wrinkles or overweight
women, Dove questioned the culture of advertising and beauty standards. Real women were relatable
and offered a new angle for the media, which helped consumers connect with the concept. 

    “The campaign still stands strong and is a good example of fempowerment marketing. Dove followed
the campaign with famous ads like Real Beauty sketches, Beauty Bias, etc.”. The Dove campaign was
popular among the public and proved to be successful. The campaign aspires to eliminate
misconceptions about beauty and the continual use of unrealistic, unrealistic images, which eventually
place limitations on the idea of beauty.
GENDER & SOCIETY REPORT
Many of the country's young women voters may be
interested to know that until the middle of the 1930s,
only men were allowed to enjoy the right of suffrage in
the Philippines.
This was because Section 1, Article V of the 1935
Constitution under the heading "Suffrage" originally
provided that:
"Suffrage may be exercised by male citizens of the
Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are
twenty-one years of age or over and can read and
write, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for
one year and in the municipality wherein they propose
to vote for at least six months preceding the election."
The same section stated that "the National Assembly
shall extend the right of suffrage to women if, in a
plebiscite which shall be held for that purpose within
two years after the adoption of this Constitution, not
less than three hundred thousand women possessing
the necessary qualifications shall vote affirmatively
on the question."
It was the 1935 Charter that governed the first
election for the 1935 Philippine Commonwealth
Government on Sept. 17, 1935, and other polls and
referenda until the 1973 Constitution replaced it in
January 1973.
The 1973 and 1986 (1987) Constitutions lowered the
voting age from 21 to 18.
The National Assembly passed the necessary
amendment to the 1935 Charter through
Commonwealth Act No. 34 on Sept. 30, 1936. It
provided for the plebiscite to be held on April 30,
1937.
As a result of the amendment, Filipino women have
been granted the right to vote and to be voted in office
since April 30, 1937. It has resulted in the country's
election of two women presidents since 1986. They
were former Presidents Corazon C. Aquino (Feb. 25,
1986-June 30, 1992) and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
(Jan. 21, 2001-June 30, 2010).
Noted historian and author Teodoro A. Agoncillo said
in his book "Philippine History," published in 1962:
"One of the most significant achievements of the
(Philippine) Commonwealth Government (1935-1946)
was the grant of the right to vote to women.
"Heretofore, it was considered that the women's place
was only in the home and that it was improper for
them to participate in politics.
"But under the Constitutional provision, a plebiscite
was held on April 30, 1937, to determine whether
Filipino women wanted suffrage. There were, at the
time, less than 600,000 women voters on the list.
"Out of this number, almost 500,000 voted in favor
and only 44,000 against suffrage. As a result, Filipino
women since then have enjoyed the right to vote and
run for public office."
Hundreds of women hold elective positions in the
national and local governments. They include current
Vice President Leni G. Robredo.
The others are in the Senate, the House of
Representatives, provincial capitols, city and
municipal halls, and barangay councils nationwide.
Filipino women also have already been empowered to
serve in the Judiciary and other major branches of the
national government, including the Civil Service
Commission, Commission on Elections, and
Commission on Audit.
Women's right to vote was granted in 1937. The
Constitution of 1935 stipulated that the right of suffrage
would be extended to women only if 300,000 women
voted in its favor during the national plebiscite. This
consolidated the emerging women's movement and
"brought to the fore the activism of such women as
Concepcion Felix de Calderon who formed the Associacion
Feminista Filipina in June 1905. Rosa Sevilla de Alvero and
a young Trinidad Almeda and Miss Constancia Poblete,
founder of Liga Feminina de la Paz. Pilar Hidalgo, President
of the National Federation of Women's Club, and Josefa
Linaes Escoda, President of the Girl Scouts of the
Philippines.
The General Council of Women was then established in
Manila to direct the plebiscite campaign. Its aim was to
draw the support of the broadest number of women. As it
turned out, 447,725 women voted yes in the 1937
plebiscite. Interestingly, 44,307 women voted against the
provision. What followed was a colorful history of
women's foray into the various levels of electoral victories,
but generally pushed by familial affiliation and elite
association.
At present, women's right to vote and participate are
maintained and further protected by existing laws at hand
Andeo, Jelyn Marie M. 
BSED 1E FIL
Lesson 6 
Activity 1: 
Write down words/phrases or draw symbols that show what comes to your mind when you hear the
word: love, intimacy, and relationship. 

 affection.
 appreciation.
 devotion.
 emotion.
 fondness.
 friendship.
 infatuation.

Activity 2: 
With one being the most descriptive to 5 being the least descriptive of you, rank the five (words of
affirmation, touch, time, gifts, and acts of service) love languages
 words of affirmation – 5
 touch – 3
 time – 5
 gifts – 5
 acts of service – 5
According to:
1. How do you express your love to others?
I express my love for others through time, giving them time to be with them. If a person loves
you, he/she will give time to you. There’s no busy person if he/she loves you because love is
spelled as t-i-m-e.
2. How do you want to receive others’ love?
I want to receive love from others through receiving love without obligation and actively
listening to others as we communicate.

Republic of the Philippines

 Bacolod City College
Teacher Education Dept.
Readings in Philippine History

Andeo, Jelyn Marie M.

BSED 1E FIL

Reaction Paper (Group 1)

The report of group one was about the in-depth study of local history and
culture. Group one’s subtopics are The Binukot of Panay, The Unknown Tindalo Tree
(Bacolod Public Plaza), Local History of Bacolod and Pedro C. Hernaez, October 19 to
June 18 Bacolod Charter Day, Tana Dicang (Enrica Aluna Lizares of Talisay).
The topic that stood out to me was the unknown Tindalo Tree in the Bacolod
Public Plaza. I was born and raised here in Bacolod city and even went to the plaza many
times, but I know little knowledge about the history and significance of the place itself.
From the title itself, it was unknown, or in other words, it is not usual, and for myself too,
I only knew about that not until I had this subject. Only a small amount of people know
about this. Robert Leonoras stated in his blog,“President Manuel L. Quezon planted the
tree on Oct. 19, 1938, to mark the inauguration of Bacolod as a chartered city. Because of
its historical value, the tree is being preserved at the plaza.”. He also said, “An old
landmark in Bacolod, which has never been recognized.”
It is so interesting about that tree that it is still there after so many years and
history. Standing in front of that tree was amazing. That tindalo tree witnessed many
things in our history. We should educate our children or the generations after us because
if not, who else will do that?
 Republic of the Philippines
Bacolod City College
Teacher Education Dept.
Readings in Philippine History

Andeo, Jelyn Marie M.

BSED 1E FIL

Reaction Paper (Group 2)

The report of group two was about the in-depth study of local history and
culture. Group two’s subtopics are Leon Kilat (Carcar, Cebu, and Bacong, Negros
Oriental), XIX Martyrs of Aklan, Molo Church and Jose Rizal Jaro Church and Belfry
and Barter of Panay and the 10 Bornean Datus and the Code of Kalantiaw.
The topic that stood out to me was Leon Kilat because he is indeed a hero. His
story is also similar to one of the famous heroes we know. It is a shame that Filipinos kill
each other because their minds are corrupted. According to their report, this is a little
information about him, “Lieutenant-General Pantaleón Villegas y Soldi (July 27, 1873 –
April 8, 1898), better known by his nom-de-guerre León Kilat (literally "Lightning Leo"
in Cebuano), was a Filipino revolutionary leader in Cebu during the Philippine
Revolution against the Spanish Empire.”. He may not be considered in the league of the
country’s renowned national heroes, such as Jose Rizal, Apolinario Mabini, and Andres
Bonifacio. Still, he is a Visayan hero who fought for the nation’s independence from
Spain with the same vigor and passion.
As we remember Leon Kilat, we Negrosanons should read and honor his life
and legacy in our Visayan history and heritage. We should educate our children or the
generations after us because if not, who else will do that?