Jopia, Gabriel Abram C. Assignment 2.

1 Transformer & Transformer Vault Rooms

EE41S1 18/11/2022

1. Discuss and explain the provisions for Dry Type Transformer installed outdoors under PEC
4.50.2.1

- Dry-type transformers installed outdoors shall have a weatherproof enclosure.

Transformers exceeding 1121/2 kVA shall not be located within 300 mm (12 in.) of
combustible materials of buildings unless the transformer has Class 155 insulation systems or
higher and is completely enclosed except for ventilating openings.

Dry-type transformers, unlike their liquid-filled cousins, do not use liquid to remove excess
heat and fulfill temperature classification criteria. In a dry-type transformer, the coils are
made from a gaseous or dry insulating material.

Transformers of the dry type are suited for low- and medium-voltage applications in both
indoor and outdoor settings. They are safer and have a lesser chance of fire disturbance by
employing natural air as a cooling medium. Air-cooled systems need minimal maintenance
and are easy to install.

2. Discuss and explain the provisions intended for Transformer Vault Rooms under PEC 4.50.3

- A vault room is a reinforced concrete building that houses transformers, switchgear, and
other electrical distribution equipment. Many standards, notably PEC 2017, outline the
requirements for vault chambers for liquid-filled transformers.

Transformer vaults are the concrete enclosures that house the enormous transformers that
convert high-voltage electricity to a lower voltage for the region being supplied.

Vault ventilation

- More than 50% of the opening area of a vault ventilated by natural circulation cannot face
the floor. Natural-circulation vaults must have at least 3 square inches per kVA of capacity.
For less than 50 kVA, 1 square foot of ventilation is required.

Vault construction

- Vault floors, walls, ceilings, and roofs must have structural strength and 3-hour fire resistance,
such as 6-inch reinforced concrete. When protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the
vault's fire resistance drops to 1 hour. Vault doors must be equipped with panic bars or
pressure plates.