Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

Types of Cells in the Human Body & their Functions

1. Bone cells:

They are the most robust body cell systems and are bound
together by calcium and phosphate. they give strength, support,
and framework to the body by enclosing organs in the skeletal
system, i.e., bones.

2. Cartilage cells (chondrocytes)– These cells are similar to

bone cells, but the surrounding material is just loose and flexible
compared to those of bone cells.. They are present in ear bone
(therefore ears are fold-able), in between large bones to help them
move freely like in between two ribs, spinal bones, joints, etc.
Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

3. Nerve cells: These cells form the nervous system.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nerve cell

Figure 44

Its very long, having many branches at either end. They never

multiply or divide in one’s lifetime. Once formed during fetus, they
live until the entire life of an individual. They are present all over
the body .

These cells are found in plenty (‫ ) بوفرة‬in the brain and the spinal
cord. They combine to form the nervous tissue.
Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

Figure 45

http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-unraveling-mystery/
preface
Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

4. Epithelial cell:

Figure 55

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelium

These cells are very simple cells which form a covering of other
cells.

They form covering layers of all the organs and hence are present
in skin, scalp, respiratory tract, over the surface of the heart, etc.
Ex: Skin cells, mucous cells.
Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

5. Muscle cells: These cells are responsible for movements of

our body. are present in the muscle tissues.

They are rich in proteins like actin and myosin due to which they
contract. They are three types as the skeletal, cardiac and smooth
muscle cells.

 Skeletal muscles cells are attached to long bones and assist

in their movements (by muscle contraction).

Figure 65

 Cardiac muscles cells are present only in heart muscle and

responsible for heartbeats.
Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

Figure 77

 Smooth muscle cells are flexible yet, can contract and relax
and are present in stomach, intestine, blood vessel walls
(vascular tissue), etc. helping in the movement of food
through the gut.

Figure 88

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/muscle-cell
Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

6-  Secretory cell: These cells as the name indicates are

secretory in function. They form glands and secrete something
important ex; pancreatic cells which secrete insulin, glucagon,
salivary gland secrete salivary amylase.

7. Adipose cells: These are fat cells and are sites where fat is

stored. They are mainly seen in the soles, palms, etc. They reduce
friction to the body.
Human Biology-1- Stage Lecture-10-

Dr.Rukyia Kareem AL- Kinani

8. Blood cells:

Figure 99

These cells include RBC’s, WBC, Thrombocytes, etc.