Student book answers

Chapter 5 Review
Pages 154–157

Revision questions
Multiple choice

1 The table below shows the results recorded from cells of a tissue during a cell cycle. Which of the following
statements would be correct?

Stage in Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase

cell cycle

Time taken 6 7 4 9 14
(min)

A The spindle would be visible for no more than 26 minutes.

B Separation of the chromatids would take approximately 11 minutes.

C One cell cycle would be completed every 26 minutes.

D The cytoplasm would start dividing after the chromosomes became visible.

2 If you were observing a cell undergoing mitosis, which of the following would be evidence that it was a plant
cell rather than an animal cell?

A Absence of a spindle

B Absence of centrioles

C Replication of chromosomes

D Disappearance of the nuclear membrane

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3 The table below shows the major tissues in an animal body and their main functions.

Tissue Function

Epithelial Covers exposed surfaces

Lines internal passageways and chambers

Connective Fills internal spaces

Provides structural support
Stores energy

Muscle Contracts to produce movement

Nerve Conducts electrical impulses

Carries information

Fat is an important way that the body stores energy reserves.

What type of tissue is fat?

A Epithelial

B Connective

C Muscle

D Nerve

4 Two cells which are the product of mitosis each have:

A double the number of chromosomes of the ‘parent’ cell

B half the number of chromosomes as the ‘parent’ cell

C the same number of chromosomes as the ‘parent’ cell

D a mixture of chromosomes from each ‘parent’ cell

5 In order, the stages of the cell cycle are:

A prophase, anaphase, interphase, metaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

B interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

C interphase, cytokinesis, prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase

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 D prophase, interphase, cytokinesis, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

6 Totipotent stem cells:

A have many genes permanently switched off

B can only differentiate into a single cell type

C can differentiate into a limited number of cell types

D can turn on any gene in their genetic material

7 The potency of a stem cell refers to its ability to:

A go through several cell cycles in a short period of time

B maintain its integrity even with long delays between cell divisions

C remain unspecialised

D differentiate into specialised cell types

8 In plants, pluripotent stem cells are found in the:

A apical meristems

B leaf stalks

C leaf blades

D main stem

9 An embryonic animal system develops in the following sequence:

A organs → cells → tissues

B tissue → cells → organs

C cells → organs → tissues

D cells → tissues → organs

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Short answer

Describe and explain

10 Describe the ethical issues involved in embryonic stem cell research for medical therapies.

Students answers will vary. Ensure students are using reliable sources of information. Issues could include:

• research depends on the destruction of human life with value (human embryos)

• who decides what medical conditions deserve research for treatments?

11 Cells are invariably very small in size and can usually only be seen under a microscope. As organisms become
larger their cell numbers remain the same size, but increase in number. Explain this phenomenon.

As a cell increases in size its surface area to volume ratio decreases and transport become too slow and
inefficient for the cell to function. Cell division occurs, increasing the organism’s size and enabling the cells to
maintain a large surface area to volume ratio.

Apply, analyse and interpret

12 Compare a stem cell, a fully differentiated body cell and a cancer cell.

A stem cell is an unspecialised cell capable of differentiating into different types of specialised cell. A fully
differentiated body cell has already specialised and can only divide to produce identical cells. While stem cells
and specialised body cells divide and renew themselves at a regular rate, cancerous cells contain mutations and
their cell division happens at a faster rate due to unregulated, continuous cell division.

Investigate, evaluate and communicate

13 Define a bioartificial organ. Discuss how the organ is generated.

A bioartificial organ is an organ or tissue that has been engineered and implanted into a person. It is generated by
using the patient’s own stem cells and inducing them to become pluripotent stem cells. These cells divide
extensively and are then manipulated so they differentiate into the desired cell types that form the tissues of the
particular organ. The organ can then be transplanted into the patient.

14 In the United States there are ‘banks’ of stem cell samples. In one such stem cell bank in North Carolina there
are over 100 000 different samples of stem cells that have been collected from the amniotic fluid surrounding
embryos within wombs. This form of collection does not harm the embryo. Evaluate the advantages of such
a bank of stem cells to producing a compatible bioartificial organ for a recipient.

Students answers will vary. Ensure students are using reliable sources of information. Possible answers include:

• patients would not need to wait for, or even die from lack of, an organ donor

• bioartificial organs can be made to be compatible with the recipient.

15 Evaluate the current use of stem cell therapies, discussing the effectiveness of each.

Students answers will vary. Ensure students are using reliable sources of information.
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16 With modern medical technology, organs and tissues can be transplanted from a donor to a recipient (refer to
Section 5.4, page 144). In Western countries, the need for donor organs far exceeds the number of legal donors.
This has led to trafficking in organs, and even people, to supply the demand. Investigate this practice and write a
report with emphasis on the ethics involved.

Students answers will vary. Ensure students are using reliable sources of information.

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Biology for Queensland: an Australian Perspective Units 1&2 3E Teacher obook assess ISBN 9780190310226.
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