PNP History and Ethical Doctrine

Prof. Alan Lad Santos

During the Spanish period

1. Carabineros De Seguridad De publico- this was an armed and mounted police. this is
considered as the first formal police force in the Phillipines. This was created during 1712
initially used as secure the tobacco industry of the spaniards.

2. Guardrilleros- it is also known cuadillo. 5% of young and able- bodied men of each province
was assigned to render 3 years of service.

3. Guardia Civil- composed of Filipino policemen. For the purpose of relieving the spanish
peninsular troops in patrolling the country. The Guardia was under the authority of Alcalde
Mayor.

Police Forces during American Period.

Metropolitan Police Force of Manila- it was established via Act No. 70 during January 9, 1901

Presently it is the MPD- Manila Police District.

Who was the first Chief of MPD? ans. is Capt. George Curry

Who was the first filipino Chief of MPD? ans. Col. Antonio Torres

The first Interim Chief of MPD- Gen. Arthur Mc Arthur.

Insular Constabulary- it was established via Act No. 175.

Act No. 255- the law which renamed the IC to Philippine Constabulary.

Who was the first Chief of PC? ans. Capt. Henry T. Allen.

Who was the first Filipino Chief of PC? ans. Police Brig.Gen. Rafael Crame.

RA 4864- The Police Professionalization Act of 1966- This is the law which required the police
officers to take examinations. This is the law which created the POLCOM- Police Commission
which was later on renamed to NAPOLCOM. under this law the NAPOLCOM has administrative
and operational supervision over the police.

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PD 765- Police Integration Act of 1976. the Phil. Constabulary was joined with Integrated
National Police. (PC- INP)\

After the EDSA People Power Revolution, the Aquino Administrative enacted the 1987 Phil.
Constitution in which it provides under Art. XVI Sec. 6 "There must be one police force which is
national in scope and civillian in character under one commission"

PC- INP- was under the Ministry of National Defense (part of AFP).

RA 6975- The DILG Act of 1990. This law was enacted during December 13, 1990.

What are the bureaus created by RA6975?

1. Philippine National Police (under the DILG ( that is why mayor and governor have
operational supervision over the PNP while NAPOLCOM has administrative Supervision which
includes recruitment, promotion, suspension, dismissal or retirement).- The first Chief, PNP
was PDG Cezar Nazareno

2. BJMP- formerly known as Jail Bureau where the first Chief of BJMP was Brig. Gen. Charles
Mondejar.

3. BFP- formerly known as Fire Bureau where the first chief of BFP was Fire Director Ernesto
Madriaga.

4. Phil. Public Safety College- Presently tasked or responsible for mandatory and in-service
training of BJMP and BFP.

5. RA 8551- Police Reorganization and Reformation Act of 1998. This was enacted on February
25, 1998.

What are the offices within the PNP established by RA 8551?

1. IAS- Internal Affairs Service - it is the administrative machinery within the organization.

2. CWD- Children and Women's Desk- 10% of annual quota must be allocated for Female
Applicants. Upon the enactment of RA 8551 all police stations were required to recruit female
police officers within 5 years. Under RA 8551, the annual quota for recruitment is determined
by NAPOLCOM.

RA 9708- An act which provides 5 years of reglementary period to finish the college degree.
Except, if the police has already 15 years or more of active service.

RA11200- The New Rank Classification Law,

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PNP Doctrine and Ethical Standard.

Background of the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards.

Section 37 of RA 6975- there shall be established a performance evaluation to be administered

based in accordance of rules and regulations and standards. This section also required that the
that the NAPOLCOM must provide a PNP Ethical Standards Manual.

NAPOLCOM Resolution NO. 92-4- resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the draft of
the PNP Professional Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards.

Purposes of the Code of Ethical Standards by the PNP

1. To foster the individual efficiency and behavioral discipline.

2. To set the moral tone and norms of professional conduct

3. To provide moral and ethical guidance.

4. To enlighten members of the police service of what behavior is really acceptable.

Laws related to the PNP Code

1). RA 3019- Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act.

2. RA 6713- Code of Conduct and Ethical Standard for Public Officials and Employees.

3. RA7080- Anti- Plunder Act (accumulation of 50 million pesos or more)

4. RA 9485- Anti - Red Tape Act of 2007.

5. PLEB- People's Law Enforcement Board.- rules and regulation (members of pleb: one
member of sanggunian bayan or panlunsod, barangay captain, one must be a woman, a college
graduate and member of the bar. The security of tenure of members of PLEB is 3 years.

Other important terms

1. Non-feasance- the failure to perform an act or duty that is part of one's obligation without
sufficient excuse. (neglect of duty)

2. Misfeasance- defined as irregularity in the performance of duty. The improper or incorrect

performance of an act that should be done or performed properly. This is due to negligence,
mistakes, accident, ignorance or imprudence. The misfeasance is unintentional.

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3. Malfeasance- misconduct or the commission of an act that one is prohibited to do.
Malfeasance is malicious or intentional.

4. Incompetency- lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory performance of police
duties.

5. Disloyalty to the government- abandonment or renunciation of one's loyalty to the

government.

Police Discretion- the act or the liberty to decide according to the principles of justice and
ideals.

Professional Police Principles

1. Prevention of Crime and Disorder- it is the primary objective of the police

2. Cooperation of the community- (1980 up to present, we are in the community era of

policing)

Policing Era

1830- 1920- Political Era of Policing

1921- 1979-- Professionalization or Reformation Era.

1980- present- Community Era of Policing.

3. Unreasonable Forces reduces Community Cooperation.- the use of unreasonable force on

the part of the police negatively affects its image.

4. Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is not sufficient. - the police may only use force
when the dialogue is no longer effective.

5. Impartial Enforcement of Laws- the police must be fair in enforcing the law.

6. The Community are the Police (based on one of the principles of policing by Sir Robert Peel-
the father of modern policing)

7. Police should not usurp judicial power. the police has no power or authoity to decide
whether the suspect is guilty or innocent.

8. Rules of engagement impartially observed-- the police musgt always adhere to the
prescribed procedures in the performance of their duty.

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9. Reduction of Crime and Disorder- the effectiveness of the police is measured through the
ability of the police eradicate crimes. (Concept in Law Enforcement: 1. Old Concept- the
effectiveness of the police is being measured by the number of arrest. 2. Modern Concept- the
policemen are considered as the first line of defense of our Criminal Justice System.
Effectiveness based on the crime prevention.

10. Police Discretion- the police must never abuse the police discretion granted to them.

PNP Core Values

1. Love of God

2. Respect for authority

3. Selfless love and service to People.

4. Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women.

5. Responsible Dominion and steward over materials things.

6. Truthfulness.

PNP Stand on Basic Issues

1. PNP Image- the PNP members shall live in accordance to the PNP Core Values and shall
possess the following virtues:

a. Honor

b. Integrity

c. Valor

d. justice

e. Honesty

f. Humility

g. loyaty to service

h. Charity

2. Career Management- the PNP must draft policies and programs in relation to human
resource development.

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3. Police Management Leadership- the primary consideration is the select of personnel for
employment. (focused on staffing function)

4. Equality in the Service- there shall be judicious and equitable distribution of opportunity to
prove one's worth in the PNP Service.

5. Delicadeza- all members of the PNP must have moral courage to sacrifice self interest.

6. Police Lifestyle- the PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle that is acceptable and
respectable in the eyes of the public.

7. Political Patronage- PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage.

8. Human rights- all members PNP members shall respect and protect human rights specifically
right to life, liberty and property.

Police Professional Conduct

1. Commitment to Democracy- police officers must commit themselves to a democratic way

of life and values.The principle of Public Accountability.

2. Commitment to Public Interest- police officers must always uphold the public interest above
personal interest.

3. Non- partisanship- police officers shall provide services to everyone. in accordance with the
existing laws and regulations.

4. Physical Fitness and Health- police officers shall strive to be physically and mentally fit at all
times.

5. Secrecy of Discipline- police officers shall guard the confidentiality of official information
against unauthorized disclosure.

6. Social Awareness- police officers together with families shall encourage to actively involved
in religious, social and civic activities

7. Non- Solicitation of Patronage- Police Officers shall seek improvement through career
development without soliciting patronage to officials.

8. Proper care and use of public property- shall be responsible for the proper care and use of
public property.

9. Respect of Human Rights- shall responsible to observe and protect human rights.

10. Devotion to duty - police officers shall perform their duties with dedication.

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11. Conservation of Natural Resources - police officers shall help in the development of
conservation of natural resources.

12. Discipline- police officers must be loyal to the Constitution and to the police service as
manifested by their loyalty to their superiors , peers, subordinates and organization.

13. Obedience to superiors- must obey lawful orders and be courteous to superiors officers
(RHIP- Rank has its own Privilege)

14. Command Responsibility- immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective
supervision , control and direction of their personnel.

Ethical Standards- generally accepted moral values and ethical acts.

1. Morality- police officers must adhere to high standard of morality and decency.

2. Judicious use of authority- police officers shall exercise the proper and legitimate use of
authority and discretion.

3. Integrity- police officers shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
practices (distortion of truth)

4. Justice- strive constantly respect the rights of others.

5. Humility- police officers shall recognized the fact that they are public servants.

They should not perform their duties with arrogance.

They should recognize their own in adequacies and limitations

They should perform duties without attracting attention or expecting the applause of others.

6. Orderliness- police officers shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to
them.

7. Perseverance- police officers must exert efforts to achieve thier goal or mission.

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