STS M3

Claide Shannon 1. He is regarded as the Father of the Information Age.

Penetrance 2. It is a measure of how often a disease genotype correlates to the disease phenotype.
Gene therapy 3. It involves altering the genes inside your body’s cell in an effort to treat or stop the disease.
Heredity 4. It is the passing of traits from one parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or
sexual reproduction.
Gene mutations 5. Are passed to every cell that arises from the mutated.
Information Age 6. The _________ is considered a historic period in the 21st century.
Deoxyribose 7. A chemical unit composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
Biodiversity 8. The different species of our plants and animals and the places they live.
Stem-cell therapy 9. It is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
Modulator-demodulator ( Modem ) 10. A computer hardware device that converts data from digital format
into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio.
L9
There are four periods of the Information Age, namely:
 Pre-Mechanical – 3,000 BC 1450 A.D.  Mechanical – 1450-1840
 Electro-Mechanical – 1840-1940  Electronic/Information- 1940-present
Some pioneers who belonged to these periods were Blaire Pascal, Alexander Graham Bell, Steven Wozmak.
Steven Jobs, Bill Gates.
Living In the Information Age
Effects/Impacts
1. GLOBALIZATION- It has brought the world closer together, led to sharing information more quickly.
2. COMMUNICATION- It has made communication cheaper, quicker and more efficient.
3. COST EFFECTIVENESS- It has led to computerization of business processes and increased productivity.
4. CREATION OF NEW JOBS- It has led to the opening up of opportunity for computer programmers,
system analysts, hardware and software developers and web designer.
5. The information Age has introduced changes in the different aspects of people’s lives, because of the
following:
1. Emergence of online companies 2. Creation of economically and stimulating businesses
3. More mature and educated people 4. Reshaping governments with new technologies.
L10
2 procedures of fixing genes:
1. The first procedure is to insert foreign genetic material into the germ line-into sperm or eggs-where they
could be passed on to succeeding generations.
2. The second procedure is to used the genetic engineering to insert foreign genes into somatic cells-into any
cells except sperm or eggs and their progenitors-in an effort to correct some genetic defect.
L11
The heredity information is contained or within the genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell.
Pairs of genes that exercise such parallel control over the same traits are known as alleles, which are of the two
kinds: dominant and recessive.
Common genetic disorder: down syndrome, sickle cell disease, phenyl ketoneeria (PKU) , hemophilia.
Phosphate group- A chemical group made up of phosphorous and oxygen
Deoxyribose- A five carbon sugar made up of Carbon, Oxygen and hydrogen and nitrogen. Base found in DNA
are Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G)
Nitrogenous Base- A chemical unit composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
Genetic engineering is a technique of controlled manipulation of genes to change the genetic make-up of cells
and more genes across species boundaries.
L12. Examples of pollutants include acidic ions, pesticides.
M4
RICHARD FEYNMAN 1. The father of Nanotechnology.
Don Eigler 2. He was the first to manipulate atoms using a scanning tunneling microscope in 1989.
K. Eric Drexler 3. He received the association of American publishers award for the Best computer Science
Book of 1992.
Climate Change 4. It refers to the change in global or regional patterns, in particular, a change apparent from
the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased level of atmospheric carbon dioxide
by the use of fossil fuels.
Water Vapor 5. It is the most abundant greenhouse gas.
Environmentalism 6. It is an ideology that evokes the necessity and responsibility of humans to respect, protect
and preserve the natural word from the abusive or wrong use of humans.
scanning tunneling microscope 7. An instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level, was developed in
1981.
Nanometer 8. It denotes sizes of the order of one billionth of ammeter.
Nitrous Oxide 9. A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil cultivation practices, especially the use of
commercial and organic fertilizers, fossil fuel combustion, nitric acid production, and biomass burning.
Pope Francis 10. He further mentioned that true human advancement should have moral character.
Global warming 11.It refers to rise in average surface temperatures on earth.
Green marketing 12. It is a tool for protecting the environment for future generations.
Carbon Dioxide 13. It is release through natural processes such as respiration, and volcano eruptions and
through human activities such as deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels.
Energy crisis 14. A great bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy.
Climate Change 15. It is one of the fundamental challenges ever to confront humanity.
L13
The scanning tunneling microscope, was developed by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.
Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber invented the first atomic force microscope in 1986.
Potential Uses of Nano Technology:
• Energy production, conservation and storage
• Enhancement of agricultural productivity
• Treatment and remediation of water
• Screening and diagnosing diseases
• System for drug delivery
• Processing and storing food
• Controlling air pollution
• Construction
• Monitoring health
• Defecting and controlling posts
L14
Most climate scientists agree that the main cause of climate change/global warming trend is human expansion
of the “greenhouse effect” warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from the earth
toward space.
Greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and
nitrous oxide.
Rina Rañada stated six ways by which climate change affects our country
• More Intense El Niño • Sea surface Temperature to rise • Ocean Acidification
• Sea level to rise by 4 to 6 meters. • Tropical cyclones intensity
• Rainfall, river flow and flooding to intensify
Causes of the Energy Crisis:
1. Overconsumption
2. Overpopulation
3. Poor infrastructure
4. Unexplored Renewable Energy Options
5. Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants
6. Wastage of Energy
7. Poor Distribution System
8. Major Accidents and Natural Calamities
9. Wars and Attacks
10. Miscellaneous Factors
What are the Possible Solutions to the Energy Crisis?
1. Move Towards Renewable Resources
2. Buy Energy Efficient Products
3. Lighting Controls
4. Easier Grid Access
5. Energy Simulation
6. Perform Energy Audit
7. Common Stand on Climate Change
L15
Environmental awareness is important for several reasons:
1. it fosters a sense of connection to the natural world.
2. it promotes sustainable development
3. it encourages conservation of irreplaceable natural resources and vulnerable plant and animal species.
The components of Environmental Education are:
1. awareness and sensitivity to the environment and environmental challenges
2. knowledge and understanding of the environment
3.attitudes of concern for the environmental and motivation to improve or maintain environmental quality
4. skills to identify and help resolve environmental challenges and
5. participation in activities that lead to the resolution of environmental problems.
Top 10 benefits of Environmental Education:
1. Imagination and enthusiasm are heightened
2. Learning transcends the classroom
3. Critical and creative thinking are enhanced
4. Develop tolerance and understanding
5. State and national learning standards are met formultiple subjects
6. Biophobia and nature deficit disorder decline
7. Healthy lifestyles are encouraged
8.Communities are strengthened
9. Responsible action is taken to better the environment
10. Students and teacher are empowered

ETHICS M3 L1
Modifiers of human act
1. a. Ignorance - Absence of knowledge in a person who is required to know what he does not know.
b. Innocence- Absence of knowledge in a person who is not required to know what he does not know.
Division of Ignorance
a. Vincible – it is conquerable meaning it can be overcome or dispelled.
b. Invincible – unquerable – no effect done to overcome or the person does not know his ignorance.
2. Concupiscence or passion - Refers to the emotions or feelings of man in relation to his actions.
3. Fear - This is the disturbance of the mind of a person faced with danger and harm.
4. Violence - Application or use of physical power or a person by another person, compelling a person the
agent, to do something against his will not tant amount to threat.
5. Habit- This is the constant and easy way of doing things by repetition of the same act.
L2
A. Meaning of law
- It is a rule of action or principle of conduct which directs things towards the common good.
Ordinance – is an order, command or mandate for the people to obey.
B. Classification of laws:
1. From the legislator
- Divine law – made by God
- Human law – Made by man (Civil law - made by the state), (Ecclesiastical – made by the church)
2. From the duration
- Eternal law - God’s divine plan/direction
- Temporal law – made by man
3. From the mode of promulgation
- Natural law – made from reason
- Positive law – to publish/ to put into writing
4. From the prescription
- Affirmative – permissive - Negative – prohibited
L3
A. Definitions of Conscience - Is the application of knowledge or “acting with knowledge”
B. Aspects of Conscience
a. Cognitive (reflective) - It consider intentions, characters, motives the goal of finding the goodness or badness
of an act.
b. Imperative (authoritative) - Commands to do what is right and avoids evil.
C. Kinds of Conscience
1. Antecedent – judgment before an act is done
2. Consequent – judgment after the act is done
3. True conscience- judges things truly as they are
4. Erroneous – false conscience
5. Certain – legality of acts to be done or omitted
6. Doubtful – when a person is not sure about the judgment.
7. Scrupulous – sees wrong when there is none
8. Lax – opposite of scrupulous
D. Education of Conscience - To guide one’s conscience the right way.