TASK 1: WHAT’S MORE

1. NUCLEUS
2. STRIATIONS
3. STRIATED/VOLUNTARY/USED FOR MOVEMENT
4. SMOOTH MUSCLE
5. SMOOTH APPEARANCE/INVOLUNTARY/FOUND IN INTERNAL ORGANS
6. NUCLEUS
7. INTERCALATED DISCS
8. STRIATIONS
9. CARDIAC MUSCLE
10.STRIATED/INVOLUNTARY CONTROL/FOUND ONLY IN THE HEART

RECEPTOR TYPE STIMULUS LOCATION

PHOTORECEPTOR 1. LIGHT 2. EYES
3. MECHANORECEPTOR PHYSICAL STIMULI, SUCH AS 4. SKIN/EARS
SOUND OR TOUCH
CHEMORECEPTOR 5. CHEMICAL TONGUE, NOSE
6. THERMORECEPTOR TEMPERATURE CHANGE 7. SKIN
8. PAIN RECEPTOR 9. TISSUE DAMAGE 10. ALL TISSUES AND
ORGANS

TASK 2: WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. THE SENSORY AND MOTOR MECHANISM ARE IMPORTANT IN LIVING ORGANISMS
BECAUSE IT IS ABLE TO PERCEIVE STIMULI FROM THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO
SUBSEQUENTLY PROCESS AND INTEGRATE THESE STIMULI WITH THE HELP OF OUR
SENSORY SYSTEMS.
2. IN THIS MODULE, I HAVE LEARNED THAT PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE ALSO HAVE
CHEMICAL CONTROLS THAT MAY AFFECT THEIR GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
MOVEMENTS.
3. I CAN EXPLAIN THE CONCEPTS IN THE DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF PLANTS AND
ANIMALS, FIRST, I KNOW THAT IN PLANTS, EVERY CELL IS ABLE TO DEFEND ITSELF
UNLIKE ANIMALS WHICH HAVE SEPARATE IMMUNE SYSTEM.

TASK 3: WHAT I CAN DO

A. FOR INSTANCE, MANY ANIMALS HAVE MUCH BETTER SENSES OF SMELL AND
HEARING THAN HUMANS DO. SOME ANIMALS EVEN HAVE EXTRA SENSES THAT
HUMANS DON’T POSSESS. MANY ANIMALS CAN SENSE TINY VIBRATIONS IN THE
 ENVIRONMENT AND USE THOSE TO FIND PREY OR IF THEY ARE THE PREY, DETECT
PREDATORS.
B. GRAVITY AFFECTS EVERYTHING ON EARTH. EVEN WHEN YOU TURN PLANTS UPSIDE
DOWN, GRAVITY DOESN’T LET UP. ROOTS WILL TURN AND TWIST TO GROW
TOWARD THE GROUND, FOLLOWING GRAVITY’S STUBBORN TUG.
- THIS WOULD MAKE STEMS GROW IN A STRAIGHT FORM. PLANTS ARE ORGANISMS
THAT EXHIBIT PHOTOTROPISM. THIS IS THE ABILITY OF PLANTS TO BE STIMULATED
OR ATTRACTED TO LIGHT OR SOURCES OF LIGHT. REMEMBER THAT PLANTS NEED
SUNLIGHT IN ORDER TO UNDERGO THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS THUS,
WHENEVER THEY DETECT LIGHT THEY TEND TO MOVE TOWARDS IT. NOW MOVING
THE PLANTS IN A HALF TURN REGULARLY MEANS THAT ALL PARTS OF THE PLANTS
RECEIVE EQUAL AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT. IF THIS HAPPENS, THERE WILL BE NO NEED
FOR THE STEM TO CURVE OR SWING TOWARDS THE WINDOW. THE STEM WILL
LIKELY TO GROW STRAIGHT.

TASK 4: ASSESSMENT
1. T
2. THERMORECEPTORS, GEORECEPTOR
3. CYTOKININ, AUXIN
4. T
5. T
6. STIMULUS, RESPONSE
7. ROD CELLS, CONE CELLS
8. T
9. T
10.RECEPTORS, TROPISM
MODULE 4.2: IMMUNE SYSTEM
TASK 1: WHAT’S MORE
1. IMMUNE SYSTEM
2. INNATE (NON-SPECIFIC)
3. INTERNAL DEFENSES
4. HUMORAL RESPONSE
5. CELL MEDIATED RESPONSE
6. SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND SECRETIONS
7. ANTIBODIES BY B-CELLS
8. IgM
9. IgG
10.IgA
11.IgE
12.IgD
13.CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
14.HELPER T CELLS
15.REGULATORY T CELLS

TYPES OF ANTIBODY TYPES OF T-CELL

1. IgM 1.CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
2. IgG 2.HELPER T CELLS
3. IgA 3.REGULATORY T CELLS
4. IgE
5. IgD

TASK 2: WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF THE BODY IS IMPORTANT IN LIVING ORGANISMS, BECAUSE
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAS A VITAL ROLE. IT PROTECTS YOUR BODY FROM HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES, GERMS AND CELL CHANGES THAT COULD MAKE YOU ILL. IT IS MADE
UP OF VARIOUS ORGANS, CELLS AND PROTEINS.
2. IN THIS MODULE, I HAVE LEARNED THAT PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE HAVE AN
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WHICH HELPS PROTECT HOSTS FROM THE MAJORITY OF
MICROBES THEY ENCOUNTER DURING THEIR LIFETIME.
3. I CAN EXPLAIN THE COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS
BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS. FIRST, I KNOW THAT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PLANT AND ANIMAL IMMUNITY IS THAT WHILE ANIMALS EXPOSED TO INFECTION
CAN ADAPT AND ACQUIRE IMMUNITY, PLANTS CANNOT. IN ADDITION, THEIR ABILITY
TO RECOGNIZE AND REPEL SPECIFIC ATTACKERS IS HARD WIRED INTO THEIR GENES.
 FINALLY, PLANTS AND ANIMALS INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEMS RECOGNIZE AN
OVERLAPPING SET OF CONSERVED MICROBE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS.

TASK 3: WHAT I CAN DO

1. INFLAMMATION IS A VITAL PART OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM’S RESPONSE TO INJURY
AND INFECTION. IT IS THE BODY’S WAY OF SIGNALING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO
HEAL AND REPAIR DAMAGED TISSUE, AS WELL AS DEFEND ITSELF AGAINST FOREIGN
INVADERS, SUCH AS VIRUSES AND BACTERIA.
2. WHEN IT'S GOOD, IT FIGHTS OFF FOREIGN INVADERS, HEALS INJURIES AND MOPS UP
DEBRIS. BUT WHEN IT'S BAD, INFLAMMATION IGNITES A LONG LIST OF DISORDERS:
ARTHRITIS, ASTHMA, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, BLINDNESS, CANCER, DIABETES AND, QUITE
POSSIBLY, AUTISM AND MENTAL ILLNESS.
3. THE PLASMA CELLS PRODUCE ANTIBODIES (Y- OR T-SHAPED MOLECULES), WHICH
ARE TRAINED SPECIFICALLY TO ATTACH TO AND INACTIVATE THE ORGANISM YOU
ARE BEING VACCINATED AGAINST. THIS RESPONSE FROM YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM,
GENERATED BY THE B LYMPHOCYTES, IS KNOWN AS THE PRIMARY RESPONSE.
4. IF THE PERSONS IMMUNE SYSTEM CANNOT MAKE ANTIBODIES, GIVING A VACCINE
DOES NOT RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES AND CAN EVEN RESULT IN
ILLNESS.
5. AS THE NAME SUGGESTS REGULATORY T CELLS (ALSO CALLED TREGS) ARE T CELLS
WHICH HAVE A ROLE IN REGULATING OR SUPPRESSING OTHER CELLS IN THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM. TREGS CONTROL THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SELF AND FOREIGN
PARTICLES (ANTIGENS) AND HELP PREVENT AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE.
TASK 4: ASSESSMENT
1. B-CELLS
2. BONE MARROW
3. IgE
4. BONE MARROW
5. CELL MEDIATED RESPONSE
6. ANTIGEN
7. ANTIBODY
8. MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
9. NLR
10.INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
11.FEVER
12.PAIN
13.REDNESS
14.LOSS OF FUNCTION
15.SWELLING