Republic of the Philippines

NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY

Capitol Area, Kagawasan Avenue, Dumaguete, 6200 Negros Oriental

College of Teachers Education

CENTER OF DEVELOPMENT

Anatomy and Physiology

Name: Labe, Cindy, Rodriguez Section: B

Year Level & Course: III - BSED Sciences

Worksheet 11

I. Identify the structures and the functions of the lymphatic and immune system.

Tonsils and Adenoids

Thymus
Bone Marrow

Axillary lymph nodes

Spleen

Peyer’s patch

Appendix
Inguinal lymph nodes

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 II. Using the terms below, write the appropriate term in each blank. You may use a term
more than once.

MALT Spleen Thymus Tonsils

1. Filters foreign particels from blood Spleen

2. Filters and remove foreign particles from lymph Tonsils

3. Located in the mucous membranes lining the digestve, reproductive, urinary and
respiratory tracts. MALT

4. Most active between the ages 6 month and 5 Yeats Thymus

5. Red pulp and white pulp perform the main functions Spleen

B cells T cells Both

1. Provides cell mediated immunity T cells

2. Less common in circulation B cells

3. Can be a helper or a killer T cells

4. Reside in lymph node and other lymphoid tissue Both

5. Important in adaptive immunity Both

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 Naturally acquired active immunity Naturally acquired passive immunity

Artificially acquired active immunity Artificially acquired passive immunity

1. Passes through the breastmilk Naturally acquired passive immunity

2. Administered to prevent the symptom of disease. Artificially acquired passive immunity

3. Long lived but may involved booster shots. Artificially acquired active immunity

4. Being sick from influenza Naturally acquired active immunity

5. Used for life threatening conditions like snake bite. Artificially acquired passive immunity

III. Provide a brief answer for each questions.

1. List the locations of the 5 tonsils.

1. Adenoid tonsils (also termed “pharyngeal tonsil”) — Roof of pharynx

2. Tubal tonsils — Roof of pharynx

3. Palatine tonsils — Sides of oropharynx between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal

arches

4. Lingual tonsils — Behind terminal sulcus (tongue)

2. How are the functions of the spleen and lymph node similar?

— Trabeculae, a capsule, and a hilum are all present in both. Cell populations are
comparable in both. The lymph nodes filter lymph while the spleen filters blood, and both are
active filters. Although humans have just one spleen, they have several lymph nodes. Both are
places where immune cells detect foreign pathogens.

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 3. What do you think will happen if the lymph nodes could not effectively fo their job?

— The lymphatic system removes infection and maintains a healthy balance of bodily
fluids. Fluid builds up in your tissues and creates swelling, which is known as lymphedema, if it
isn't operating properly. Infections, blockages, and tumors may all affect the lymphatic system.

4. What problems can arise if pathogens destroy large numbers of our cells?

— Pathogens have an impact on all living things and can cause sickness in people in a
number of ways. By creating poisons as they proliferate, they can harm tissues or cells. While
some bacteria give little symptoms, others can be fatal.

5. How does the body tell the difference between self and nonself proteins?

— Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are a collection of identifying molecules found on

the surface of all cells in a nearly unique mix for each individual, allowing the body to recognize
self from nonself. The major histocompatibility complex is the name given to this collection of
identifying molecules.

6. List and describe the 5 symptoms of inflammation?

1. Redness (Rubor)

2. Swelling (Tumour)

3. Heat (Calor; only applicable to the body’s extremities)

4. Pain (Dolor)

5. Loss of function (Functio laesa)

Redness and heat are due to increased blood flow at body core temperature to the
inflamed site; swelling is caused by accumulation of fluid; pain is due to the release of

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 chemicals such as bradykinin and histamine that stimulate nerve endings. Loss of function has
multiple causes.

7. How does the activation of complement help control an infection?

— The complement system is made up of a vast number of different plasma proteins

that interact to opsonize pathogens and trigger a series of inflammatory reactions that aid in
the battle against infection. A number of complement proteins are proteases that are triggered
by proteolytic cleavage themselves.

8. What does vasodilation accomplish during the inflammation process?

— During the inflammatory process, vasodilation occurs to enable more blood flow to
the afflicted region. This is what produces the inflammation-related heat and redness.

9. What specific type of B cells secretes antibodies?

— The mature B cells, called plasma cells, secrete millions of antibodies into the
bloodstream and lymphatic system.

10. Explain how cell-mediated immunity differs from antibody-mediated immunity?

— Cell-mediated immunity has been shown to function against intracellular infections.

Antibody-mediated immunity has been shown to be effective against extracellular infections.

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 IV. Place the number 1 to 5 in the blank before each statement to indicate the correct
order of the steps in the process of antigen presentation by APCs.

5 Antigen MHC protein is presented to a helper T cell

1 APC digest the antigen within a vesicles in the cytoplasm

2 The antigen molecules chemically bind to MHC proteins produced by the APC

3 The vesicles undergoes exocytosis; the vesicle merges with the cell membrane

4 The antigen MHC protein complex is attached onto the external surface of the APC.

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