HUMAN ANATOMY blood and other substances throughout

the body, among other functions.

 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM- is the set of
 Muscles work in pairs
organs that forms the external covering
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM- group of organs
of the body and protects it from many
consisting of the central gastrointestinal
threats such as infection, desiccation,
(GI) tract and its associated accessory
abrasion, chemical assault and radiation
organs that break down food into
damage.
smaller components so that nutrients
can be absorbed and assimilated.

 SKELETAL SYSTEM - provides support

and protection for the body’s internal
organs and gives the muscles a point of
attachment.  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM- consists of
 Humans have an the set of organs and tissues
endoskeleton, where our bones lie involved in the uptake of oxygen
underneath our skin and muscles. from the atmosphere and the
 In other animals, such as insects, there release of carbon dioxide generated
is an exoskeleton on the outside of the during aerobic respiration.
body.  There’s no digestion in large intestine.
 An adult human has 206 bones in their  This gas exchange is also called
body and variety of different joints. breathing or external respiration.
 350 at birth
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 5 bones in hands, 3 bones for fingers
and 2 bones in tongue.
 MUSCULAR SYSTEM- 650 muscles in
the body not only
support movement — controlling
walking, talking, sitting, standing,
eating and other daily functions that
people consciously perform — but also
help to maintain posture and circulate
  Blood plasma- liquid, carries nutrients
 Blood cells- carries oxygen and carbon
dioxide
 Blood vessels- passageway
 Arteries- carries oxygenated blood

4 CHAMBERS OF HEART
1. Right atrium- Receives deoxygenated
blood from the body via the superior
and inferior vena cavae. It then pumps
this blood into the right ventricle.
2. Right ventricle- Receives deoxygenated
blood from the right atrium and pumps
it to the lungs through the pulmonary
artery for oxygenation.
3. Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs through the pulmonary
veins. It then pumps this oxygen-rich
blood into the left ventricle.
4. Left Ventricle: Receives oxygenated
blood from the left atrium and pumps it
out to the rest of the body through the
aorta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to
tissues and organs.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS:
 Eosinophil- bi-lobed nucleus, dark pink
stained cytoplasmic granules.
 combat parasitic infections and play a role
in allergic reactions. protect your body
from parasites, allergens, foreign bacteria
and outside organisms.
 Basophil- bi- lobed nucleus (usually cant
be seen). Lots of dark purple stained
cytoplasmic granules that take up entire
cell.
 play a role in a healthy immune
system. releases histamine and other
chemicals involved in inflammation and
allergic responses. They play a role in
triggering the body's inflammatory
response to allergens and in defending
against parasites.

 Neutrophil- multi-lobed nucleus, pale

red and blue cytoplasmic granules.
 main function is to engulf and destroy
bacteria and other foreign particles
 Monocyte- kidney shaped nucleus that
through a process called phagocytosis,
may appear lobed. No granules.
helping to fight off infections. Cytoplasm is very faintly stained blue.
 find and destroy germs (viruses,
bacteria, fungi and protozoa) and
eliminate infected cells.
 target organs. Instead, hormones can
act as chemical messengers for a large
number of cells and tissues
simultaneously.
 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM- collection of
internal and external organs in both
 Lymphocyte- large spherical nucleus. males and females — that work
No granules. Thin outer rim of faintly together for the purpose
blue stained cytoplasm. of procreating.
 responsible for antibody  NERVOUS SYTEM- the major control
production, direct cell-mediated system of homeostasis. It provides
killing of virus-infected and tumor monitoring, response, and regulation
cells, and regulation of the immune of all systems in the human body and
response. other organisms. It functions from the
 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM- is a tiny level of individual cells to affecting
network of tissues and the whole body at once.
organs that help rid the  BRAIN- is primarily made up of neurons,
body of toxins, waste and which send nerve impulses and store
other unwanted materials. information, and various support cells
3 MAIN FUNCTIONS which nurture, insulate, and protect
1. MAINTAINS THE BALANCE OF FLUID neurons so they can do their jobs
BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND TISSUES, reliably.
KNOWN AS FLUID HOMEOSTASIS.  Cerebrum- controls thinking and
2. FORMS PART OF THE BODY’S IMMUNE awareness.
SYSTEM AND HELPS DEFEND AGAINST  Right hemisphere- controls left side of
BACTERIA AND OTHER INTRUDERS. the body. Creativity and talents.
3. FACILITATES ABSORPTION OF FATS AND  Left hemisphere- Controls right side.
FAT-SOLUBLE NUTRIENTS IN THE Numbers, science.
DIGESTIVE  in humans, the brain weighs
SYSTEM. about three pounds and
 EXCRETORY SYSTEM- consists consumes a stunning 20-25%
of organs which remove of all the body’s energy!
metabolic wastes and toxins
from the body. In humans, this
includes the removal of urea
from the bloodstream and other
wastes produced by the body.
 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- collection of
ductless glands that produce hormones
and secrete them into the circulatory
system.
 ENDOCRINE GLANDS- work without
ducts for carrying secretions towards
SKELETAL SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LYMPHATHIC SYSTEM
EXCRETORY SYSTEM (URINARY SYSTEM)
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
NERVOUS SYSTEM