Chemistry project 2022-23

Natural polymers: Natural polymers are those which occur in nature and are water based.Some examples
of natural polymers are silk,wool,cellulose

Silk:Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.It is
● A good insulator
● Lightweight
● Smooth
● Soft

Raw silk is used for clothing such as shirts, suits, ties, blouses , pajamas, jackets,
Hand spun mulberry silk used for making comforters and sleeping bags. Other variety fabric materials
like dupions, plain silk, deluxe, satin, chiffon, chinnons, crepe, broacades are made from mulberry silk.
Carpet, furnishing, curtains, draperies, cushion covers and sofa covers wall hanging.

Wool: Wool is the fibre that is obtained from sheep and other mammals such as goats, rabbits. It is:

● Crimp
● Warm
● Fire resistant.
● Elastic
● Soft

Chemical constituents: Wool belongs to a group of proteins known as keratins. It has a heterogenous
composition where the protein is made up of amino acids and acidic carboxyl groups.
Uses: Wool is typically used in making clothes,carpets, blankets and so on

Rubber: Rubber consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene with minor impurities of other
organic compounds. It has high tear and tensile strength,is resistant to abrasion,friction,extreme
temperatures and water swell
Uses: Rubber is used in adhesives,flooring and roofing,gloves,insulators and tyres

Cellulose: Cellulose is a natural polymer which has a formula of (C6H10O5)n.It is a polysaccharide

consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of B(1—-->4) lined D-glucose units. It
is tasteless,odorless and hydrophilic with the contact angle of 20-30 degrees
Uses: Cellulose is mainly used to produce paperboard and paper. Smaller quantities are converted to a
wide variety of derivative products such as cellophane and rayon.

DNA: DEoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each
other to form a double helix. It is essential for all known forms of life

Synthetic polymers: Synthetic polymers are those that are prepared by chemical reactions in a lab. Nylon,
epoxy are examples of synthetic polymers

Nylon: Nylon is a synthetic polymer that is composedm of polyamides.It is a silk like thermoplastic
generally made from petroleum, that can be melt,processed into fibres films or shapes. It is lustrous,
elastic, very strong,resilient
Uses: Nylon is used in clothing, conveyor and seat belts parachutes, fishnets and so on.

Polyester: Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in every repeat unit
of their main chain. It is abrasion resistant,durable, strong, lightweight.
Uses:Polyester is widely used in clothing and in making ropes, canoes and so on.

Teflon: Teflon is a synthetic fluoropolymer that has numerous application. It has a high molecular weight.
It consists of only carbon and fluorine/ It has low coefficient of friction and is chemical resistant.

Uses: Teflon is used in making waterproof fabric and in making non stick cookware

Epoxy: Epoxy is the family of basic components or cured end products of epoxy resins. Epoxy resins also
known as polypepoxides are a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups
Uses: Epoxy resins are used for manufacture of adhesives, plastics, paints,coatings,primers,and sealers.

Plastic: Plastic is a synthetic material that uses polymers as its main ingredient. Due to its non-elastic
behaviour it can be moulded extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes.
Uses: Plastic is used to produce packaging in textiles construction and so on.