COTTON

FIBER
 FASHION DESIGNING
DEPARTEMENT

SUBMITTED BY:MEHAK ALI

ROLL NO:23 FD 001
SUBMITTED TO:SIR JUNAID
Introduction

Cotton is obtained plant source and it is classified as a

natural material as it is obtained from the seeds of cellulose
seed fibre staple fibre measuring 10- 65mm in length and
white to beige in color in its natural state. It is composed
basically of a substance called cellulose. As cotton
occupies 50% of the consumption of fibres by weight in the
world it is called as the king of all fibres.
Manufacture of hand made
cotton in India
The tools and appliances used by cotton weaves consist of
a spinning wheel (charkha) and a spindle (takli). The cotton is
the first ‘separated’ and ‘carded’. A bow shaped beater
known as ‘dhun’ is used for the purpose. The string of the
bow is placed on the cotton and is made to vibrate by
means of a wooden hammer. These vibrations cleanses all
foreign matter such as seeds and leaves leaving soft fine
cotton behind. The fine cotton is rolled on stick to form a
cylinder about half a cubit (6 inches) long and half an inch in
diameter.
Manufacture of macine made
cotton
Cotton pods

Ginning (Removal of Seeds)

Lap Formation

Carding

Doubling --> Combing

Drawing

Roving

Spinning
 By products of cotton
Cotton linters: Linters are short, fuzzy fibres that remain
on the seeds after they have been separated from the
fibre in the cotton gin. They are used in the
manufacturing of rayon and acetates, plastics and
photographic film.
Cotton Fibre under the microscope Hulls: These are
outside portion of the cotton seeds rich in nitrogen and
used as fertilizers, paper cattle feed. 90 Commercial
Garment Technology Inner seed: It yields cotton seed
oil which is used as cooking oils and in the
manufacturing of soap.
Properties of cellulose
fibre- cotton
1. Physical properties
a. Structure: The cotton fibre is short (1/2 inch -2 long inch) and
cylindrical or tubular as it grows. The cotton fibre is essentially
cellulose consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

b. Strength: Cotton fibre is relatively strong which is due to the

intricate structure and 70% crystalline.
c. Elasticity: Cotton is relatively inelastic because of its crystalline
polymer system and for this reason cotton textile wrinkle and
crease readily.
d. Hygroscopic moisture: Cotton does not hold moisture so well
as wool or silk but absorbs it and so feels damp much more
quickly. It also rapidly spreads throughout the material.
e. Electrical property: The hygroscopic nature ordinarily prevents
cotton textile materials from developing static electricity.
f. Absorbency: As cotton has cellulose it is a good absorbent of
fibre.
 Fabrics in cotton
Flannelette and flannel: A soft napped cotton fabric its
warmth in wear is due to the fact that the nap traps a layer
of air between the body and the cold outside. In
composition it is the same as ordinary cotton, but treatment
in weaving makes it very inflammable.
Organdie: A thin light fabric in plain
weave with a very stiff finish. It is
made from good quality combed
yarn. The yarn is made from long
staple cotton and is spun is with
many twists. T
Muslin: This is a cool, very light, and
plain weave cloth also used for
summer wear. The name derives
from the city of Mosul where the
fabric was first made muslins wear
not always plain, s
 Conclusion
Cotton continues to be the world’s major textile fibre
despite of many synthetics. It is the oldest and most
versatile of all fibres with good properties when blended
with other fabrics.
The main reason for use of cotton is its good weaving
qualities, low cost, high absorption, excellent, abrasion,
stability to repeated blending.
It can be safely ironed even at high temperature of 425
degrees F. It has excellent wash and wear and wrinkle
resistance and also good if resin treated.
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YOU