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kZekyk
izFke d{kk
fVIi.kh
o.kZekyk
fiz; f”k{kkFkhZ] bl ikB esa vki laLÑr Hkk’kk dh o.kZekyk rFkk o.kksZa ds
mPpkj.k ds fo’k; esa tkusaxsA vki Loj] O;atu rFkk muds mPpkj.k
LFkkuksa ds fo’k; esa Hkh tkudkjh izkIr dj ldsaxsA
mÌs’;
laLÑr Lrj&d 1
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
1.1 o.kZ
fVIi.kh o.kZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & Loj rFkk O;atuA Loj o.ksZ ds mPpkj.k
esa fdlh vU; o.kZ dh lgk;rk ugha yh tkrh gSA uhps Loj o.kZ fn;s
tk jgs gSa&
v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] _
O;atu o.kksZ ds mPpkj.k esa Loj o.kksZ dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gSA uhps
O;atu o.kZ fn;s x;s gSa&
Li'kZ o.kZ&
d~ [k~ x~ ?k~ ³~
p~ N~ t~ >~ ´~
V~ B~ M~ <~ .k~
r~ Fk~ n~ /k~ u~
i~ Q~ c~ Hk~ e~
2 laLÑr Lrj&d
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
vUr%LFk&
;~ j~ y~ o~ fVIi.kh
Å"e&
'k~ "k~ l~ g~
la;qDr O;atu&
d~ $ "k~ ¾ {k~
r~ $ j~ ¾ =~
t~ $ ´~ ¾ >~
laLÑr Lrj&d 3
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
2- _ y` d~A
3- , vks ³~A
4- ,s vkS Pk~A
5- g ; o j V~A
6- y .k~A
7- ¥ e ³ .k u Ek~A
8- > Hk ¥~A
9- ?k < /k “k~A
10- t c x M n ‘k~A
11- [k Q N B Fk p V r Ok~A
12- d i ¸k~A
13- “k ‘k l j~ A
14- g Yk~A
4 laLÑr Lrj&d
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
curs gSa muds chp esa vkfn o.kZ rFkk lc vU; o.kZ lekfor~ gksrs
gSaA vfUre br~ laKd o.kZ dk lekos'k ugh fd;k tkrk gSA tSls
vp~ izR;kgkj esa lHkh Loj rFkk gy~ izR;kgkj esa lHkh O;aTtu
lekfgr gSaA
v b m _ y`
, vks ,s vkS
laLÑr Lrj&d 5
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
izdkj dk gksrk gSA ^,*] ^,s*] ^vks* vkSj ^vkS* âLo ugha gksus ls 12
izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
fVIi.kh
O;¥~tu & ¼gy~ izR;kgkj%½ lHkh O;¥~tu ewy :i ls gyUr gksrs gSaA
d oxZ &
d [k x ?k ³
p oxZ &
p N t > ¥
V oxZ &
V B M < .k
6 laLÑr Lrj&d
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
r oxZ &
r Fk n /k u
fVIi.kh
i oxZ &
i Q c Hk e
; o j y &
m’eo.kZ &
‘k “k l g &
mPpkj.k LFkku
vdqgfoltZuh;kuka d.B%A
bpq;”kkuka rkyqA
_Vqj’kk.kka ew/kkZA
y`rqylkuka nUrk%A
miwi/ekuh;kukeks’BkSA
¥e³.kuka ukfldk pA
laLÑr Lrj&d 7
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
,nSrks% d.B&rkyqA
vksnkSrks% d.Bks’Be~A
fVIi.kh
odkjL; nUrks’Be~A
v;ksxokgk ¼;e&vuqLokj&folxZ&ftºokewy&miwi/ekuh;½ foKs;k
vkJ;LFkku Hkkfxu%A
v;ksxokg dk ikB lkekU; o.kZekyk esa ugha gksrk ijarq ys[ku esa
budk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
mPpkj.k LFkku
rkyq – b] p oxZ] ;] ‘k
ew/kkZ – _] V oxZ] j] ”k
ukfldk – ¥] e] ³] .k] u
d.Brkyq & ,] ,s
8 laLÑr Lrj&d
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
ikBakr iz’u
1. egs”oj lw= fyf[k,A
2. m ds vBkjg izdkj crkbZ;sA
3. lHkh o.kksZa ds mPpkj.k LFkku fyf[k,A
laLÑr Lrj&d 9
o.kZekyk
izFke d{kk
mÙkjekyk
fVIi.kh
1.1
1. v] b] m] _] y`] ,] vks] ,s] vkS
2. vBkjg
3. ‘k] “k] l] g
4. r Fk n /k u
10 laLÑr Lrj&d