LITERA FINALS-REVIEWER
WEEK 9- SOCIAL MEDIA AS A POLITICAL PLATFORM
Social Media use in politics refers to the use of online
social media platforms in political processes and
activities. Social media platforms encompass websites
such as Facebook, YouTube, WeChat, Instagram,
Quora, QQ, Qzone, Weibo, Twitter, Tumblr, Tiktok,
Reddit, Baidu Tieba, LinkedIn, LINE, Snapchat,
Pinterest, Viber, and VK.
The internet has created channels of communication
that play a key role in circulating news, and social media
has the power to change not just the message, but the
dynamics of political corruption, values, and the
dynamics of conflict in politics.
Through the use of social media in election processes,
global conflict, and extreme politics, diplomacy around
the world has become less private and susceptive to
the public perception
LIES AND DECEIT
Honesty plays a crucial role in any situation where
organisms exchange information or resources.
Dishonesty can thus be expected to have damaging
effects on social coherence if agents cannot trust the
information or goods they receive.
However, a distinction is often drawn between prosocial
lies (‘white’ lies) and antisocial lying (i.e. deception for
personal gain), with the former being considered much
less destructive than the latter.
Unless you’re the human embodiment of perfection,
you have probably lied, even if it was just to say “I’m on
my way” when you hadn’t left home yet. A study
published recently in the Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology suggests people tell one or two lies a
day, on average.
The intersection of this common human trait with the
pervasiveness of social media and digital
communication tools raises the question: How does
technology influence trustworthiness?
Jeff Hancock, a professor of communication and the
founding director of the Stanford Social Media Lab,
studies social media behavior and the psychology of
online interaction. In an email interview, Hancock
discussed deception in the digital age, the different
ways we lie, and whether this new era is fostering or
hindering trust within our communities — both online
and offline.
SENSE OF CONFIRMATION
NEWS AROUND THE CLOCK
One of the ways that social media has transformed
politics is the sheer speed at which news, poll results
and rumors are shared.
Whereas in the pre-internet days, people had to wait
for the next newspaper or TV news show to get the
latest information, online news is a 24/7 phenomenon.
THE IMPACT OF POLLS
Political polls are an important part of every campaign.
They are often confusing, because you can often find
multiple polls with contradictory results posted on the
very same day.
DIRECT INTERACTION WITH POLITICIANS
One of the positive effects that social media has on
politics is the opportunity for voters to interact more
easily with candidates and elected officials.
Traditionally, if you wanted to meet a politician or
candidate, you’d have to attend a live event. Not
everyone is able to do this.
WIELDED POWER
to have or use power, authority, or influence, or to hold
and use a weapon: e.g. Under the new city charter, the
mayor wields most of the power.
DEMOGRAPHICS AND TARGETING
Targeting is used throughout the advertising industry to
make sure that ads and messages reach the right
audience. Politicians do this as well. In the age of social
media, politicians and people running for office are able
to target their campaigns.
MAINTENANCE AND COORDINATION
Maintenance coordination includes the set-up of a fully
integrated maintenance system that records work
orders, processes work orders, generated purchase
orders for vendors and sends work orders to
person/company for completion.
In social media, it is always important to know that
being able to manage and coordinate their respective
pages and allow them to be able to engage with its
respective audience is a challenging task.
Especially, when using it as a political platform when we
speak of a group having the same beliefs as you, it’s
important that there’s open-minded, fair, and ethical
coordination and management when it comes to this
endeavor, especially when dealing with opinions that
might not be agreeable to all.
SOCIAL MEDIA MAINTENANCE
SETUP
● Creating their own personal identity by setting
up the branding and its image
● Connect with people similar to your interests or
own political beliefs
● Creating rapport and relationships within the
group.
STRATEGIZE
● Creating snappy, quality content by including
relevant and timely posts catered to your
specific audience.
● Sharing your page using the tools provided by
the platform
● Ask questions and spark discussions
 SCHEDULE

● Choosing how often you’ll post to each social

network, and using the scheduling tools in their
respective platforms.

● Sharing content that is similar in views to your

own personal group or page

● Periodically promoting your page by calling

them to use the tools provided by the
respective platforms.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND ELECTIONS

In times of political elections, the stakes are

high, and advocates may try to support their
cause by active manipulation of social media. For
example, altering the number of followers can
affect a viewer’s conclusion about candidate
popularity.

Social media is changing the nature of political

communication because they are tools that can be
used to inform and mobilize users in new ways.
Users are able to connect directly to politicians and
campaign managers and engage in political
activities in new ways. Each social media platform
is programmed in code by developers, creating a
unique digital architecture that influences how
politicians and citizens can use the platform for
political ends.

Candidates, policies, and publishers steadily ramp

up their digital activity over months, it starts to see
an exponential increase as it gets closer to Election
Day. Elections are a heated time for all citizens, and
plenty of users are posting more about their
preferred candidate or policies during this time.

COMELEAK

“COMELEAK,” is the incident which involved the

illegal copying of the database of the Commission
on Elections (COMELEC) by the hacker group,
LulSecPilipinas.

Personal voter’s information included names,

birthdays, home and email addresses and voters’
biometrics (photo, fingerprint markers, and
signature) data, passport details of overseas Filipino
workers, and other sensitive data.

Another group had provided an application on a

website “Wehaveyourdata'' that made it easier for
curious internet users to check data in the illegally
copied database.

The exfiltration of several databases of the Comelec

via its website six years ago remains as the biggest
data breach in Philippine history. The incident
involved at least 340 GB worth of stolen data,
pertaining to around 77 million Filipinos.

To prevent a repeat of the 2016 “Comeleak” data

breach, the Commission on Elections is considering
limiting the information publicly available on its
website’s precinct finder service.
WEEK 10-MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
Mobile technology is technology that goes where
the user goes. It consists of portable two-way
communications devices, computing devices and
the networking technology that connects them.
Currently, mobile technology is typified by internet-
enabled devices like smartphones, tablets and
watches. These are the latest in a progression that
includes two-way pagers, notebook computers,
mobile telephones (flip phones), GPS-navigation
devices and more.
The communications networks that connect these
devices are loosely termed wireless technologies.
They enable mobile devices to share voice, data and
applications (mobile apps). Mobile technology is
pervasive and growing. The number of smartphone
users has climbed beyond 3 billion and the global
mobile workforce is expected to reach 1.87 billion
by 2022.
TIMELINE OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY THROUGH
SERVICE
The concept of cellular phones has been around
since the late 1940s. Yet, it wasn’t until the mid-
1950s that technology was able to allow the idea to
become a reality. It took a few decades to figure out
how to make the technology work for ordinary
routine calls.
It was Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and
executive, who made the first cell phone call on
April 4, 1973 to Dr. Joel S. Engel at Bell Labs. It
would be another decade still before the technology
was made available to consumers. The world of
communication has not been the same since.
1G (First Generation - 1983)
The first analog cellular system is widely deployed
in the United States.
The first analog cellular system is called 1G (1st
Generation). Quickly, several companies sprout up
and build an analog cellular network.
2G (Second Generation - 1990)
The first digital cellular phone system emerges.
Digital 2G quickly displaces analog 1G networks.
Instead of using varying sound frequencies, this new
digital system translates everything into a string of
data points – Os and 1s
3G (Third Generation - 2000)
The next generation of digital cellular phone
systems is introduced.
The launch of 3G networks represents a turning
point for the potential of what cellular data systems
can support. Due to the vastly improved speeds
and much stronger capacity to carry information, a
phone might be able to do more than just talk and
text.
4G (Fourth Generation - Recent 2000s)
The next generation of digital cellular phone
systems is introduced.
4G represents an even more pronounced
development in terms of speed and volume of data
for a cellular network. While carriers transition to
4G, devices are still not utilizing the full capacity a
4G network can provide.
5G
5G is now being tested
It’s still not known exactly when the 5G network will
be available, but we do know that when it happens
it will represent another transformation in the
landscape of personal technology. Suffice it to say,
we’ll have a new environment with new options to
explore when 5G is launched.
UNDERSTANDING THE SMARTPHONE
A smartphone is a handheld electronic device that
provides a connection to a cellular network.
Smartphones allow people to make phone calls,
send text messages, and access the Internet.
While cellular phone functionality had improved in
the years after 2000, it wasn’t until Apple Inc.
released the iPhone in 2007 that the way people
interacted with their phones drastically changed.
Before that, network operators relied on the fee
structure that they had relied on for decades:
calling another line cost a certain flat rate, and
sending a text message cost another flat rate. The
introduction of the iPhone shifted that by
introducing the possibility of Internet access to a
large number of consumers.
THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONES IN SOCIAL MEDIA
The popularity of smartphones has also created
business opportunities outside of the development
of operating systems and the construction of device
hardware. The creation of smartphone software
applications, or “apps,” has become a multibillion-
dollar industry.
Apps are downloaded to a smartphone via a
“store,” which is controlled by the company that
has created the operating system that the
smartphone uses.
The popularity of smartphones has also created
business opportunities outside of the development
of operating systems and the construction of device
hardware. The creation of smartphone software
applications, or “apps,” has become a multibillion-
dollar industry.
Apps are downloaded to a smartphone via a
“store,” which is controlled by the company that
has created the operating system that the
smartphone uses.
One of the major beneficiaries of the rise in
smartphone adoption has been social networks,
such as Facebook (FB). Being able to log into a social
network account from a smartphone has increased
the number of hours that people spend on the
network, which has dramatically increased network
revenue. The behavior of smartphone users has, in
some cases, been the driving factor in the changes
to social networks that were once dominated by
people using their personal computers for access.
The increasing prevalence of smartphones has
negatively impacted some industries, particularly
companies that manufactured digital cameras.
Most smartphones have picture-taking capabilities
that rival standard digital cameras, but, unlike
digital cameras, also have the ability to interact with
other smartphone apps readily, and the Internet.
Some smartphone apps compete with technologies
that were once limited to personal computers such
as calculators, web browsers, alarm clocks,
documents, and notepads.
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN OUR DAILY LIVING
Over the years, technology has revolutionized our
world and daily lives. Technology has created
amazing tools and resources, putting useful
information at our fingertips.
Modern technology has paved the way for multi-
functional devices like the smartwatch and the
smartphone. Computers are increasingly faster,
more portable, and higher-powered than ever
before. With all of these revolutions, technology has
also made our lives easier, faster, better, and more
fun.
Technology has also given us brand new devices in
recent decades, like smartwatches, tablets, and
voice assistant devices. With these devices, we can
do things like transfer money instantly and make
purchases for everything from clothes, food
delivery, groceries, furniture, and more. Technology
has changed how we entertain ourselves, meet
each other, and consume all types of media. It’s
made fun advancements, but it’s also made
important advancements in safety when it comes to
home security and medical devices.
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN OUR EVERYDAY LIFE
COMMUNICATION
The very basic root of human colonization,
communication. Nowadays mobile phones have the
ability to connect people from all over the world, no
matter where they may be. Not only that, they are easy
to carry and accessible, communication has never been
easier. Social media apps also play a huge role in
communication allowing us to talk to our loved ones
daily.
ENTERTAINMENT
From the latest Hollywood blockbusters to the news
highlights of your country, your mobile holds all these.
No longer do we have to wait for our favorite TV show
or news highlights, with one touch on your screen and
get access to whatever you wish to see, hence, saving
time. Mobile phones also act as gaming platforms for
people looking for some relaxation or just to pass time.
DAILY UTILITIES
Apart from entertainment and communication, mobile
phones now have apps that help us to perform the
same everyday chores without facing any hassle. From
paying bills, booking cabs and hotels, to online maps for
navigation purposes, capturing our memorable
moments by built-in cameras. Mobile phones are doing
it all.
ORGANIZATION
Modern man is too caught up to keep track of
everything, mobile phones help us to remain organized.
You can store important documents and notes, memos,
etc. send emails. Calendars and stopwatches are basic
tools found in all mobile phones.

Digital technology has changed what people term

as “media.” The influence of new technology on
media is apparent since a media company isn’t
necessarily a news platform anymore. A media
company is now any company that helps pass
information across the globe, including social media
platforms like Facebook and Twitter.
WEEK 11- DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
Digital Citizenship is defined by the quality of habits,
actions, and consumption patterns that impact the
ecology of digital content and communities.
Examples of Digital Citizenship:
● Communicating with respect
● Respecting others’ privacy
● Seeing things from another perspective
● Adding helpful information/context to a
discussion or relevant pages
● Supporting others by offering useful feedback
● Encouraging them
● Sharing work they’re proud of
DIGITAL LITERACY
Digital literacy refers to an individual's ability to find,
evaluate, and clearly communicate information
through typing and other media on various digital
platforms. It is evaluated by an individual's grammar,
composition, typing skills, and ability to produce text,
images, audio, and designs using technology.
Digital Literacy is about being able to make sense of
digital media. This occurs through meaningful and
sustainable consumption and curation patterns that
improve an individual’s potential to contribute to an
authentic community. This includes the ability to
analyze, prioritize, and act upon the countless digital
media 21st century citizens encounter on a daily basis.
PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL LITERACY
COMPREHENSION
Comprehension is basically the ability to extract
implicit and explicit ideas from a media.
INTERDEPENDENCE
Interdependence is how one media form connects with
another, whether potentially, metaphorically, ideally,
or literally.
SOCIAL FACTORS
Sharing is no longer just a method of personal identity
or distribution, but rather can create messages of its
own. Who shares what to whom through what
channels can not only determine the long-term success
of the media, but can create organic ecosystems of
sourcing, sharing, storing, and ultimately repackaging
media.
CURATION
Curation should resist data overload and other signs of
“digital hoarding,” while also providing the potential
for social curation–working together to find, collect,
and organize great information.
PROMOTING DIGITAL LITERACY
Encourage Self-Exploration
Online learners should be able to explore the digital
resources on their own, which emphasizes the real-
world applications of this vital skill.
Create an Online Resource
Formal online training in digital literacy can help online
learners differentiate between fact and fiction,
especially in regards to online resources that may
contain accurate information or opinion-based content.
Set Some Ground Rules
Online learners need to be aware of how to use the
online tools effectively. This also involves Internet
netiquette. For example, they use social media to
broaden their understanding and interact with peers.
Evaluate Your Current e-Learning Strategies
Review the e-Learning strategies that are already in
place and determine how you can interject learning
technologies
Encourage Learner-Generated e-Learning Content
Digital literacy can enhance online learners'
performance, support and motivation, especially when
they are encouraged to showcase their work. Ask online
learners to create their own e-Learning blogs or virtual
presentations based on the subject matter.
Include Digital Literacy Simulations
e-Learning simulations facilitate real-world experience
in a risk-free setting. Online learners are able to test out
new technologies and familiarize themselves with the
LMS platform.You can also assign each online learner
with a problem they must solve using online tools.
Host a Live Event
Live events give online learners the opportunity to use a
variety of online tools, such as web browsers, video
conferencing software, and social media sites. They are
also able to interact with their peers and online
instructors remotely.
DIGITAL FOOTPRINTS
Digital footprint or digital shadow refers to one’s
unique set of traceable digital activities, actions,
contributions, and communications manifested on the
Internet or digital devices.
A digital footprint is a trail of data or “electronic
breadcrumbs” you create while using the Internet. It
includes the websites you visit, emails you send, and
information you submit to online services.
BENEFITS OF DIGITAL FOOTPRINT
● Fraud or legal issues can more easily be
detected
● Personalization (like suggested products or
related advertising) serves to add value to our
use of the Internet
● Companies can more easily offer incentives
based on interests and needs, sometimes
resulting in cost savings
● Personal data can be used to generate revenue
without our knowledge It can be annoying and
distracting to be constantly inundated with
advertisements and information
● Purchase behavior data may be used as a basis
to reduce credit limits or increase interest rates
PASSIVE FOOTPRINT
This type is where a user has been online and
information has been stored on an online database.
● This can include where they came from, when
the footprint was created and a user’s IP
address.
● A footprint can also be analyzed offline and can
be stored in files which an administrator can
access.
● These would include information on what that
machine might have been used for, but not who
had performed the actions.
ACTIVE FOOTPRINT
An Active Footprint is created when you post
online by sending an email, publishing a blog post
or a tweet, or uploading a photo on social media.
● Where a user might have logged into a site
when editing or making comments such as on
an online forum or a social media site.
The registered name or profile can be linked to the
posts that have been made and it is surprisingly
easy to find out a lot about a person from the trails
you leave behind
TIPS TO KEEP YOUR DIGITAL FOOTPRINTS UNDER
CONTROL
PERFORM REGULAR SOCIAL AUDITS
At least once a year, search the social sites where
you have accounts. Check your profiles, both to
analyze what you've posted and to see what others
have shared.
SEARCH YOURSELF ONLINE
Find out what the web knows or says about you. Is
the information accurate, and is this something
you want everyone to see? Conducting an online
reputation audit is easy using search engines like
Google, Bing, and Yahoo. Simply type in your name
to see what comes up. Many people are surprised
by the results when they’ve searched their name
online.
TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR PROFILES AND POSTS
It is important to change your profile settings in
your social media accounts. More specifically:
● Control who follows you and becomes your
friend.
● Limit who can actually see your posts
● Control which persons can tag you.
OTHER WAYS TO PROTECT YOURSELF
● Delete all tracking cookies and browsing history
from your computer regularly.
● Review security settings on social networks and
stay updated on new features and settings.
● Make sure to use the latest version of your
Internet browser.
● Choose safe and secure passwords that are
unique to each login and be sure to change
them regularly.
● Use cash instead of credit cards.
● Opt out of providing personally identifiable
information (e.g. you may not be required by
law to provide your telephone number when
making a purchase).
● Remember that anything posted is public (even
if your social network settings are private) as
the information is stored on a server network.