Experiment 6 Report Sheet (Revised)

Experiment 6: Air Pollution: Air Quality Index
Name: Date Performed:

Course/Section: Date Submitted:
Group No: Instructor:
REPORT SHEET
Experiment 6
AIR POLLUTION: AIR QUALITY INDEX
RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Table 6.1. Selected location and AQI parameters measured.

AQI parameters measured Air Quality based on the AQI Scale
Location
(based on waqi.com)
PM2.5 Good: Air Quality is considered
PM10 satisfactory, and air pollution
O3 poses little or no risk
Osaka NO2
SO2
CO
Table 6.2. Air quality historical data.

AQI parameter PM2.5
Date Covered January 2014 - October 2021
大気汚染物質広域監視システム（そらまめ君）ホー
Data Sources ムページ (taiki.go.jp)
Historical Data
CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-1

No part of this laboratory manual may be reproduced without the written permission of the College of Arts and
Science, Malayan Colleges Laguna.


AQI parameter PM10


Historical Data


AQI parameter O3



AQI parameter NO2


大気汚染物質広域監視システム（そらまめ君）ホーム
Data Sources ページ (taiki.go.jp)

AQI parameter SO2



AQI parameter CO


Note: Add more rows if more than 2 AQI parameters were measured.
What can be inferred about the AQI data for the location you selected?

In our chose area, the air quality is great. It is viewed as good and air
contamination presents almost no gamble. Starting around 2014, the
contamination PM2.5 is extremely obvious in Osaka in
which the Air Quality Index Level reaches from Good to Unhealthy for Sensitive
Groups. On
the other hand, Ground Level Ozone had the biggest AQI among these
contaminations for the past
7 years, which is going from 75-25 AQI. Different toxins which have lower AQI
are too
going from Moderate to Good air quality. By this, we can fathom that Osaka,
Japan
has kept a decent nature of air for a very long time. Osaka, Japan just
experienced
unfortunate and risky air quality in certain contaminations like PM2.5, Ozone,
NO2, and
not many in PM10. Osaka, Japan experienced great air quality on account of
low SO2 and CO.
Table 6.3. Source of air pollution.

Source Details*
Stationary Source ● Aerosols caused by factories producing PM2.5.
[Nakata M. et al. (2015, March 18). Air Pollutants in Osaka

(Japan)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2015.00
018/full]
● Industrial activities that add to the production of PM 2.5

and production of PM10.
[Nakata M. et al.(2015, March 18). Air Pollutants in Osaka

(Japan)
018/full]
● Chemical compounds released from fumes producing

NO2(majority) and SO2.

[Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System

(AEROS). (October 28). Air Quality in Osaka
https://www.iqair.com/japan/osaka]
● There’s a coal power plant near Osaka that emits CO and

carbon dioxide.
[Sugiura E., Okutsu A. (2018, November 21). Why Japan

finds coal hard to quit
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Big-Story/Why-
Japanfinds-coal-hard-to-quit]
● In addition, there is a small increase in photochemical

production that makes O3.
[Akimoto H. (2017, January). Overview of Policy Actions

and Observational Data for PM2.5 and O3 in Japan: A Study
of Urban Air Quality Improvement in Asia
https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/publication/workingpaper/l75
nbg0000048r3z-att/JICA-RI_WP_No_137.pdf]
● There are aerosols that come from cars that produce

PM2.5
Mobile Source
[Nakata M. et al. (2015, March 18). Air Pollutants in Osaka
(Japan)
018/full]
Area Source
* Cite your references.
Table 6.4. Impact of air pollution.

Parameter Details*
Health ● Particulate matter health effects’ may include cardiovascular
effects such as cardiac arrhythmias and heart attacks, and
respiratory effects such as asthma attacks and bronchitis.
(EPA. How Does PM Affect Human Health?

https://www3.epa.gov/region1/airquality/pm-human-healt h.html)
(EPA. How Does PM Affect Human Health?
https://www3.epa.gov/region1/airquality/pm-human-healt h.html)

● Elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide can cause damage to the

human respiratory tract and increase a person's vulnerability to, and
the severity of, respiratory infections and asthma. Long-term
exposure to high levels of nitrogen dioxide can cause chronic lung
disease.
[Queensland Government. (2013, August 29). Nitrogen Oxides

https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/pollution/monitoring /air/air-
pollution/pollutants/nitrogen-oxides]
● Sulfur dioxide affects the respiratory system, particularly lung

function, and can irritate the eyes.
[Queensland Government. (2017, March 27). Sulfur Dioxide

pollution/pollutants/sulfur-dioxide]
● Carbon monoxide symptoms mimic the flu: headaches, fatigue,

nausea, dizziness, confusion, and irritability. Continued exposure
can lead to vomiting, loss of consciousness, brain damage, heart
irregularity, breathing difficulties, muscle weakness, abortions and
even death.
[Dr. Greiner, T. (1996, July). Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Health

Effects (AEN-166) https://www.abe.iastate.edu/extension-and-
outreach/carb on-monoxide-poisoning-health-effects-aen-166/]
● Different components of particulate matter (PM) can have either

warming or cooling effects on the climate.
[EPA. Air Quality and Climate Change Research

https://www.epa.gov/air-research/air-quality-and-climate-c hange-
research]
Climate ● Ground Level Ozone affects the climate beyond increased

warming, having impacts on evaporation rates, cloud formation,
precipitation levels, and atmospheric circulation.
(Tropospheric Ozone
https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/slcps/tropospheric-ozone)
● Nitrous Oxide depletes the ozone layer Thus, Stratospheric ozone

depletion and increases in global tropospheric ozone that have

occurred in recent decades both contribute to climate change. These

contributions to climate change are significant but small compared
with the total contribution from all other greenhouse gases
[Shankman, S. (2019, September 11). What is Nitrous Oxide and

Why Is It a Climate Threat?
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11092019/nitrous-oxid e-
climate-pollutant-explainer-greenhouse-gas-agriculture-liv estock/]
[https://csl.noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/2006/chapters/Q 18.pdf]
● When sulfur dioxide combines with water and air, it forms

sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain.

● When carbon monoxide is emitted into the atmosphere it affects

the amount of greenhouse gases, which are linked to climate change
and global warming.
[NPI. (2021, July 23). Carbon Monoxide

http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/carbon-monoxide]
● Particulate matters are making lakes and streams acidic. changing

the nutrient balance in coastal waters and large river basins.
[EPA. (2021, May 26). Health and Environmental Effects of

Particulate Matter (PM) https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/health-
and-environmen tal-effects-particulate-matter-pm]
● Ground level ozone can make the water quality poor.
Water Quality [Air and Water Quality

https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rank
ings/measures-data-sources/county-health-rankings-model/ health-
factors/physical-environment/air-and-water-quality]
● NItrogen Oxides can cause eutrophication.
(Air Pollution Information System http://www.apis.ac.uk/nitrogen-

oxides-freshwaters)

● When sulfur dioxide combines with water and air, it forms

sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. Acid rain
can: cause deforestation. acidify waterways to the detriment of
aquatic life.

● Near the site of emission, carbon monoxide can react with other
air pollutants. When this reaction occurs, there is the potential for
harmful ground level ozone to be formed that can make the water
quality poor.
[Boechler, E. et al., (2021, September 27). Carbon
Monoxidehttps://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Carbon_monoxid
e]
● Particulate matter causes accumulation of alkaline dusts in the soil

and can increase soil pH to levels adverse to crop growth.
[(2021, February 13). Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops

http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/01-015.h tm]
● Ozone causes considerable damage to plants around the world,

including agricultural crops and plants in natural ecosystems.
(Ozone Effects on Plants https://www.nps.gov/subjects/air/nature-

ozone.htm)
Agriculture ● Excessive levels of nitrogen dioxide can cause death in plants,

and damage the leaves of many agricultural crops.
(Air Pollutants - NItrogen Dioxide https://www.care4air.org/air-

pollutants/measuring-air-pollu tants/air-pollutants-nitrogen-
dioxide/)
● Sulfur dioxide inhibits photosynthesis by disrupting the

photosynthetic mechanism. The opening of the stomata is promoted
by sulfur dioxide, resulting in an excessive loss of water.
[Varshney, C. K. et al., (2009, January 9). Plant responses to sulfur

dioxide pollution

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/106433879
09381667]
● A high level of exogenous CO is toxic in plants and animals,

however, CO at a proper level involves in many important
physiological processes as an active signaling mediator.
[(2016, April 29). Carbon Monoxide as a Signaling MOlecule in

Plants https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850744/]
* Give details for at least one parameter. Cite your references.
Table 6.5. Air quality management/action plan.

Give details of a possible plan to minimize the air pollution. What are the ways to
control the different sources of pollution you specified?
Air is one of the critical fundamentals individuals and other living things need. Air
contains various sorts of gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen, water fume and numerous
some more. It additionally has various uses like sustainment of life and development,
permits
Photosynthesis for plants, customary upkeep of temperature, and some more. It is
truly essential to keep up with the climate not just the air without anyone else in light of
the fact that these
normal peculiarities are associated. Be that as it may, because of the hurtful human
exercises occurring,
contamination turned out to be more predominant. Contamination comprises of
destructive materials that influence the
climate contrarily.
Air contamination are unsafe gases and a few strong particles from various beginnings.
These
toxins might come from industrial facilities, burnings, development, and some more. In
this
analyze, we had the option to distinguish the AQI of Osaka. This city has Good Air quality
and
is accepted to have little gamble of contamination which is exceptionally smart for the
city's current circumstance.
Here are the wellsprings of contamination and a few preventive ways for each source:
Stationary Source: One of the wellsprings of Pollution in Osaka are modern processing
plants,
gas-based vehicles, and some more. These production lines discharge Aerosols (PM 2.5),
these

vapor sprayers come from petroleum product burnings which produce destructive particles
(nursery
gases like carbon dioxide). Consistently, air contamination turns out to be more not
kidding after some time,
PM 2.5 is known to be unsafe to the climate, environment and wellbeing. Despite the fact
that
Osaka has a decent air quality list because of its city's discipline and neatness, PM 2.5 still
exists as Osaka's contamination. That is the reason there are heaps of ways of forestalling
further arrival of
PM 2.5. For example, limiting and thinking about choices for unsafe modern processing
plants.
Keep away from substance intensifies that produce NO2 and S02, and consider utilizing
eco-accommodating
power plants instead of coaling power that discharges destructive gases.
Mobile Source: Vehicles are exceptionally fundamental for people because of the
advantages and simplicity it
gives. In any case, a few vehicles, particularly gas-based vehicles produce unsafe gases,
explicitly
carbon dioxide. That is the reason arrangements are being contemplated and used to keep
away from these outflows.
First is to try not to utilize gas-based vehicles, assuming that the voyaging should be
possible by bicycles or strolling,
pick these choices to keep away from PM 2.5 creation. However, through time, electric
vehicles are
being created to forestall the further use of gas-based vehicles. Observe official guidelines
like vehicle codings for explicit days. Speed up delicately to reduce the utilization of gas
that discharges destructive gases. what's more grow the PUC or Pollution Under Control
Certificate
for nations and urban areas, in this way vehicles will be surveyed for contamination
discharge previously
being utilized by the proprietor.
Health: Wellbeing is vital to be sure, destructive contaminations, for example, PM 2.5 can
influence
the respiratory arrangement of people. That is the reason ways like Observing legitimate
wellbeing
precautionary measures for every individual ought to be done in light of the fact that these
emanations can be reduced
yet, not eradicated. Staying away from the utilization and openness to things that include
burning.
Legitimate ventilation and some more.

Climate: Numerous toxins add to air contamination which is chiefly PM2.5, PM10,
Ground Level Ozone, NO, SO2, and CO. Every toxin correspondingly affects air
contamination as well as on environment. Delivering these contaminations will prompt
environmental change.
Probably the best answer for diminish these toxins is to utilize elective energies, for
example,
sun oriented, wind, and geothermal in light of the fact that they don't need to consume
petroleum derivatives to create
energy. In air contamination, temperatures will either rise or fall thus it will influence the
precipitation designs that will prompt environmental change. By and large, vehicles
produce
ozone harming substances that obliterate the climate. Taking public transportation or riding
a
bike will diminish the utilization of vehicles and will likewise decrease discharges.
Likewise, diminishing
plastic, gadgets, and paper squander by reusing is significant as this waste can cause air
contamination due to consuming dumpsites. Particulate matter and carbon are apparent in
the
consuming of waste.
Water Quality: Water isn't just immovably related to the presence of individuals yet in
expansion to various monetary activities. Sewerage advancement in Osaka city began
around 120 years earlier and was the really colossal extension current sewerage structure
around then, at that point. From there on out, the Osaka territorial government has driven
at the
undeniable level similarly as sewerage structure incorporation among huge metropolitan
networks in
Japan. A general treatment structure has been by and large applied and the treated
water has been reused in various applications with a ultimate objective to add to restoring
the metropolitan environment.
Agriculture: Japan began dealing with its tainting issue, beholding back to the 1970s
whenever particulate matter levels observable all around (PM2.5) came to unsafely
verifiable levels around all of the huge metropolitan networks. The issues can
be followed back to the fast industrialization of Japan that began during the Meiji time
outline in the nineteenth century. All through the long haul, manufactured and unique
materials including plastics corrupted the local sound, causing genuine water
defilement. Right when nearby individuals nicknamed the strait 'the expanse of
passing' both metropolitan and public government saw the prerequisite for change.
Kitakyushu is by and by a principal city in the field of feasible power sources. Working
with
the private region, the city reduced the releases of debris and other damaging

substances by placing assets into practical developments. Wind residences would

presently have the option to be seen aground and toward the ocean, engaging the city to
take advantage of the
significant breezes around the coast. Nevertheless, perhaps presumably the best way
the city has dealt with pollution lies in its gathering of hydrogen power.
Pollution prevention implies keeping away or limiting the generation of waste that produce
poisons, subsequently confining their release into the surroundings. Osaka already has
good air quality based on the AQI scale. The action plan that we can give or advice would
be to continuously do what they are already doing right now. Also the most primary way to
fix air contamination is to get away from petroleum products, supplanting them with
elective energies like sunlight based, wind and geothermal. Moving to electric vehicles and
hydrogen vehicles, and advancing shared versatility could lessen air contamination.
* Cite your references.

REFERENCES (cite the references that you used)

Study Session 8 Pollution: Effects, Prevention and Control: View as single page. (2016). Open
Learn Creat.
Study Session 8 Pollution: Effects, Prevention and Control: View as single page (open.edu)
Impulse, S. (2021). Solutions to air pollution. Solar Impulse Foundation.

Solutions to air pollution: how to improve air quality? (solarimpulse.com)
Nakata M. et al. (2015, March 18). Air Pollutants in Osaka (Japan)

Frontiers | Air pollutants in Osaka (Japan) | Environmental Science (frontiersin.org)
Rubin A. (2019). 6 things you can do to prevent Climate Change.

6 Things You Can Do To Prevent Climate Change (activesustainability.com)
Providing Clean and Reliable Water for Everyone /. (2014). The Government of Japan-
JapanGov
https://www.japan.go.jp/tomodachi/2014/autumn2014/providing_clean_and_reliable_water_f
or.html
Allen, J. (2019, August 19). How Japan is Tackling Pollution.AZoCleantech.Com..

How Japan is Tackling Pollution (azocleantech.com)


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Experiment 6: Air Pollution: Air Quality Index

Name: Date Performed:

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

Table 6.1. Selected location and AQI parameters measured.

Table 6.2. Air quality historical data.

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-1

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-2

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-3

AQI parameter PM10

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-4

Date Covered January 2014 - October 2021

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-5

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-6

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-7

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-8

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-9

AQI parameter NO2

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-10

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-11

AQI parameter SO2

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-12

Date Covered January 2014 - October 2021

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-13

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-14

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-15

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-16

Table 6.3. Source of air pollution.

[Nakata M. et al. (2015, March 18). Air Pollutants in Osaka

● Industrial activities that add to the production of PM 2.5

[Nakata M. et al.(2015, March 18). Air Pollutants in Osaka

● Chemical compounds released from fumes producing

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-17

[Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System

● There’s a coal power plant near Osaka that emits CO and

[Sugiura E., Okutsu A. (2018, November 21). Why Japan

● In addition, there is a small increase in photochemical

[Akimoto H. (2017, January). Overview of Policy Actions

● There are aerosols that come from cars that produce

Table 6.4. Impact of air pollution.

(EPA. How Does PM Affect Human Health?

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-18

● Elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide can cause damage to the

[Queensland Government. (2013, August 29). Nitrogen Oxides

● Sulfur dioxide affects the respiratory system, particularly lung

[Queensland Government. (2017, March 27). Sulfur Dioxide

● Carbon monoxide symptoms mimic the flu: headaches, fatigue,

[Dr. Greiner, T. (1996, July). Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Health

● Different components of particulate matter (PM) can have either

[EPA. Air Quality and Climate Change Research

Climate ● Ground Level Ozone affects the climate beyond increased

● Nitrous Oxide depletes the ozone layer Thus, Stratospheric ozone

CHM031L. Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory Page 6-19

occurred in recent decades both contribute to climate change. These

[Shankman, S. (2019, September 11). What is Nitrous Oxide and

● When sulfur dioxide combines with water and air, it forms

[Queensland Government. (2017, March 27). Sulfur Dioxide

● When carbon monoxide is emitted into the atmosphere it affects

[NPI. (2021, July 23). Carbon Monoxide

● Particulate matters are making lakes and streams acidic. changing

[EPA. (2021, May 26). Health and Environmental Effects of

● Ground level ozone can make the water quality poor.

Water Quality [Air and Water Quality