24405. Where does wind shear occur?

A – At any level in the atmosphere if associated with either a change of wind

direction and/or wind speed
B – Wind shear of any significance occurs only in connection with jet streams
C – Wind shear occurs primarily at lower altitudes in the vicinity of mountain
waves
D – Wind shear occurs only when there is a strong temperature inversion, or
when the jet stream is associated with a strong depression

Ref: all

Ans: A

24489. Vertical wind shear is:

A – a change of horizontal wind direction and/or speed with height

B – a change of vertical wind speed with horizontal distance
C – a change of horizontal wind direction and/or speed with horizontal
distance
D – a horizontal shear of vertical wind

Ref: all

Ans: A

050-09-04 Thunderstorms
9531. Which thunderstorms move forward the fastest?

A – Thunderstorms formed by lifting processes

B – Frontal thunderstorms
C – Thermal thunderstorms
D – Orographic thunderstorms

Ref: all

Ans: B

9538. Where is a squall line to be expected?

A – At the surface position of a warm front

B – Behind a cold front
C – In front of a cold front occlusion at higher levels
D – In front of an active cold front

Ref: all

Ans: D
9539. A microburst phenomenon can arise in the:

A – down-draught of a cumulonimbus at the mature stage

B – up-draught of a cumulonimbus at the mature stage
C – down-draught of a cumulonimbus at the formation stage
D – up-draught of a cumulonimbus at the growth stage

Ref: all

Ans: A

9547. Which of the following statements describes a microburst?

A – A high speed down burst of air with a generally lower temperature than its
surroundings
B – A high speed down draft of air with a higher temperature than its
surroundings
C – An extremely strong wind gust associated with a troical revolving storm
D – A small low pressure system where the wind circulates at high speed

Ref: all

Ans: A

9554. What is a microburst?

A – A small low pressure system where the wind circulates with very high
speeds
B – A concentrated down draft with high speeds and a high temperature than
the surrounding air
C – An extremely strong wind gust in a tropical revolving storm
D – A concentrated down draft with high speeds and a lower temperature than
the surrounding air

Ref: all

Ans: D

9555. A gust front is:

A – normally encountered directly below a thunderstorm

B – formed by the cold air outflow from a thunderstorm
C – characterised by heavy lightning
D – another name for a cold front

Ref: all

Ans: B
9574. Continuous up-draughts occur in a thunderstorm during the:

A – dissipating stage
B – mature stage
C – initial stage
D – period in which precipitation is falling

Ref: all

Ans: C

9575. At which altitude, at temperate latitudes, may hail be expected in connection

with a CB?

A – From the ground up to a maximum of FL 450

B – From the ground up to about FL 200
C – From the ground up to about FL 100
D – From the base of the clouds up to FL 200

Ref: all

Ans: A

9577. What are squall lines?

A – Unusual intensive cold fronts

B – Bands of intensive thunderstorms
C – The surface weather associated with upper air troughs
D – The paths of tropical revolving storms

Ref: all

Ans: B

9583. The diameter and the life time of a typical microburst are in the order of:

A – 8 km and 5-15 minutes

B – 4 km and 30-40 minutes
C – 4 km and 1-5 minutes
D – 12 km and 5-10 minutes

Ref: all

Ans: C
9596. During which stage of thunderstorm development are rotor winds characterised
by roll clouds most likely to occur?

A – Dissipating stage
B – Cumulus stage
C – Mature stage
D – Cumulus stage and mature stage

Ref: all

Ans: C

9607. What are the meteorological pre-requisites, at low level, for thunderstorms
formed by lifting processes over land?

A – Low temperatures, low humidity

B – High air pressure (>1013 hPa), high temperatures
C – High temperatures, high humidity
D – Subsidence, inversion

Ref: all

Ans: C

9622. What weather condition would you expect at a squall line?

A – Strong steady rain

B – Thunderstorms
C – Fog
D – Strong whirlwinds reaching up to higher levels

Ref: all

Ans: B

10343. In addition to a lifting action, what are two other conditions necessary for
thunderstorm formation?

A – Stable conditions and high moisture content

B – Unstable conditions and high moisture content
C – Stable conditions and low atmospheric pressure
D – Unstable conditions and low atmospheric pressure

Ref: all

Ans: B
10359. How long does a typical microburst last?

A – About 30 minutes
B – Less than 1 minute
C – 1 to 2 hours
D – 1 to 5 minutes

Ref: all

Ans: D

10366. Which thunderstorms generally develop in the afternoon in summer over land
in moderate latitudes?

A – Occlusion thunderstorms
B – Warm front thunderstorms
C – Cold mass thunderstorms
D – Air mass thunderstorms

Ref: all

Ans: D

10381. In Central Europe when is the greatest likelihood for thunderstorms due to
warm updrafts?

A – Mid-afternoon
B – Around midnight
C – Early morning
D – Late morning

Ref: all

Ans: A
10383. Aircraft struck by lightning may sometimes get considerable damage and at
least temporarily the manoeuvring of the aircraft will be made more difficult.
Which one of the following statements is correct?

A – An aircraft has in the atmosphere the same qualities as a “Faradays Cage”,

which means that struck of lightning seldom occurs. But if it happens, the
result will be an occasional engine failure. The crew may get a shock
B – An aircraft made by metal has a certain capacity to attract a lightning, but
the lightning will follow the surface and therefore no damage will be
caused
C – Aircraft made by composite material may get severe damage, the crew
may be blinded and temporarily lose the hearing
D – Aircraft made by composite material cant conduct a lightning and will
therefore very seldom be struck

Ref: all

Ans: C

10385. During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterised

predominantly by down drafts?

A – Dissipating stage
B – Cumulus stage
C – Mature stage
D – Anvil stage

Ref: all

Ans: A

10394. What feature is normally associated with the initial stage of a thunderstorm?

A – Frequent lightning
B – Roll cloud
C – Continuous updraft
D – Rain or hail at the surface

Ref: all

Ans: C
10400. Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the:

A – dissipating stage
B – cumulus stage
C – mature stage
D – period in which precipitation is not falling

Ref: all

Ans: C

10402. In which stage of the life cycle of a single thunderstorm cell occur both up and
down drafts simultaneously?

A – Dissipating stage
B – Cumulus stage
C – Mature stage
D – In all stages

Ref: all

Ans: C

10409. A microburst:

A – is always associated with thunderstorms

B – has a life time of more than 30 minutes
C – has a diameter up to 4 km
D- occurs only in tropical areas

Ref: all

Ans: C

10410. The initial phase of a thunderstorm is characterised by:

A – rain starting at surface

B – continuous down draughts
C – frequent lightning
D – continuous up draughts

Ref: all

Ans: D
10421. The most hazardous type of cloud that may be encountered on a cross country
flight is:

A – cirrus
B – stratocumulus
C – cumulus
D – cumulonimbus

Ref: all

Ans: D

10425. Which of the following meteorological phenomenon indictes upper level

instability which may lead to thunderstorm development?

A – Red cirrus
B – AC lenticularis
C – Halo
D – AC castellanus

Ref: all

Ans: D

10438. Which thunderstorms generally product the most severe conditions, such as
heavy hail and destructive winds?

A – Warm front thunderstorms

B – Squall line thunderstorms
C – Nocturnal air mass thunderstorms
D – Daytime air mass thunderstorms

Ref: all

Ans: B

15817. Isolated thunderstorms of a local nature are generally caused by:

A – frontal occlusion
B – thermal triggering
C – frontal lifting (warm flood)
D – frontal lifting (cold front)

Ref: all

Ans: B
15869. What are the requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm?

A – A cumulus cloud with sufficient moisture associated with an inversion

B – An adequate supply of moisture, conditional instability and a lifting action
C – Water vapour and high pressure
D – A stratocumulus cloud with sufficient moisture

Ref: all

Ans: B

15870. In which of the following areas is the highest frequency of thunderstorms

encountered?

A – Sub-tropical
B – Temperate
C – Tropical
D – Polar

Ref: all

Ans: C

15871. Thunderstorms can occur on a warm front if the:

A – cold air is moist and the environmental lapse rate is less than the dry
adiabatic lapse rate
B – warm air is moist and the environmental lapse rate is less than the
saturated adiabatic lapse rate
C – cold air is moist and the environmental lapse rate exceeds the saturated
adiabatic lapse rate
D – warm air is moist and the environmental lapse rate exceeds the saturated
adiabatic lapse rate

Ref: all

Ans: D

16359. In general terms, an intense contour low will indicate:

A – quiet settled weather

B – changeable weather but getting better
C – heavy rain, hail and thunderstorm
D – no change to the weather

Ref: all

Ans: C
16367. Which of the following is consered to be one of the conditions necessary for
thunderstorm development?

A – A marked temperature inversion extending well above the 0 degree

isotherm
B – ELR less than the DALR extending well above the 0 degree isotherm
C – Instability throughout a deep layer extending well above the 0 degree
isotherm
D – Stability throughout a deep layer extending well above the 0 degree
isotherm

Ref: all

Ans: C

16368. Which of the following conditions are necessary for thunderstorms?

A – Low surface temperatures and high moisture content

B – High moisture content and a trigger action
C – Instability at night
D – Low upper temperatures, and a high 0 degree isotherm

Ref: all

Ans: B

16369. There are two principal types of origin of thunderstorm

A – Air mass thunderstorms and frontal thunderstorms

B – Air mass thunderstorms and heat thunderstorms
C – Convection thunderstorms and frontal thunderstorms
D – Convection thunderstorms and orographic uplift thunderstorms

Ref: all

Ans: A

16372. Air mass thunderstorms are triggered off by:

A – fronts and/or orographic uplift

B – convection at air mass boundaries
C – standing wves in the lee of hills
D – convection and/or orographic uplift

Ref: all

Ans: D
16373. Frontal thunderstorms are triggered off by:

A – rising air dur to falling pressure at air mass boundaries

B – convection by intense daytime heating or cold air moving over a warm
surface
C – rising air due to falling pressure or due to orographic uplift
D – mass ascent over large areas of cold air moving over a warm surface

Ref: all

Ans: A

16374. A thunderstorm has the following stages in its life cycle:

A – cumulus, mature or building and declining

B – building, mature, declining and dissipating
C – cumulus, declining and dissipating
D – cumulus of building, mature and dissipating

Ref: all

Ans: D

16375. The building stage of a thunderstorm last for approximately:

A – 20 min
B – 30 min
C – 20/.30 min
D – 40 min

Ref: all

Ans: A

16376. In the building stage of a thunderstorm, which of the following is true?

A – Only up-currents are present

B – Only down-currents are present
C – Both up-currents and down-currents are present
D – Up-currents and side-currents are present

Ref: all

Ans: A
16377. The mature stage of a thunderstorm lasts for approximately:

A – 15 min
B – 30 min
C – 20/30 min
D – 40 min

Ref: all

Ans: C

16378. Which of the following statements is true with regard to a mature

thunderstorm:

A – both up-currents and down-currents appear concurrently

B – the cloud top assumes an anvil shape
C – water droplets, hail and snow are all present
D – the top of the cloud is negatively charged and the base is positively
charged

Ref: all

Ans: A

16379. The final stage of a thunderstorm is reached when:

A – no further electrical charge is developed

B – the lower portion of the cloud dissipates
C – a well developed anvil can be seen
D – all of the above

Ref: all

Ans: C

16381. The most common hazards of thunderstorms to aircraft on or near the ground
are:

A – lightning and hail

B – heavy precipitation and surfaces squalls
C – turbulence and static
D – all of the above

Ref: all

Ans: D
16383. Which types of thunderstorm can be the most difficult to avoid?

A – Mature thunderstorms because they spread over such a wide area

B – Frontal thunderstorms
C – Air mass thunderstorms
D – Low level thunderstorms

Ref: all

Ans: B

16384. Which thunderstorms are the more difficult to forecast and detect?

A – cumulus thunderstorms
B – air mass thunderstorms
C – frontal thunderstorms
D – cumulus thunderstorms because they are smaller

Ref: all

Ans: B

16385. If you cannot avoid penetrating a thunderstorm, which is the best area to
penetrate?

A – The top
B – The middle
C – The bottom
D – The sides

Ref: all

Ans: D

24180. (Refr to figure 050-72)

At which position is the development of thunderstorms most likely, and what
is the maximum height of the CB clouds at 00 UTC?

A – Position C, FL 200
B – Position A, FL 200
C – Position B, FL 270
D – Position D, FL 290

Ref: all

Ans: C
24207. A Cb with thunderstorm has reached the mature stage. Which statement is
correct?

A – The freezing level in the whole cloud lies lower than outside the cloud
B – In temperatures lower than -23oC icing is still possible
C – If hail occurs, it only occurs in down drafts
D – Severe turbulence occurs in the cloud, but hardly ever below the cloud

Ref: all

Ans: B

24215. A microburst with its damaging winds at the surface:

A – has a diameter up to 4 km
B – has a life time of more than 30 minutes
C – is always associated with thunderstorms
D – occurs only in tropical areas

Ref: all

Ans: A

24246. Assuming that an initial “trigger” force is present, the conditions most likely
to result in the formation of thunderstorms are:

A – high surface temperature, low dew point and high dry adiabatic lapse rate
B – high relative humidity and instability throughout a deep layer
C – rapid orographic cooling of cloud containing ice crystals
D – intense surface heating, anti-cyclonic pressure system and relatively high
freezing level

Ref: all

Ans: B

24249. At the surface the lifetime of a typical microburst and the diameter of the area
affected by damaging winds are in the order of:

A – 1-5 minutes and 4 km

B – 30-40 minutes and 4 km
C – 5-15 minutes and 8 km
D – 5-10 minutes and 12 km

Ref: all

Ans: A
24261. Convective weather phenomena include:

A – heavy showers, lightning strikes, hail, mist, squalls, light rain over a large
area
B – thunderstorms, tornadoes, hail, haze, wind gusts, advection fog
C – thunderstorms, hail, tornadoes, wind gusts, heavy showers, lightning
strikes
D – hail, lightning strikes, wind lulls, squalls, stratocumulus, low level wind
maximum

Ref: all

Ans: C

24299. In which of the following situations is the probability for severe thunderstorms
the highest?

A – Advection of continental cold air over a warm land surface

B – Advection of warm air over a cold land surface
C – Advection of maritime cold air over a warm sea surface
D – Advection of maritime warm air over a cold sea surface

Ref: all

Ans: C

24358. Thunderstorms are often preceded by:

A – Altostratus
B – Nimbostratus
C – Altocumulus Castellanus
D – Altocumulus Lenticularis

Ref: all

Ans: C

24367. What is a down burst?

A – A concentrated downdraft with high speeds and a lower temperature than

the surrounding air
B – A concentrated downdraft with high speeds and a higher temperature than
the surrounding air
C – An extremely strong wind gust in a tropical revolving storm
D – A small low pressure system where the wind circulates with very high
speeds

Ref: all

Ans: A
24373. What is the approximate maximum diameter of a area affected by damaging
winds at the surface caused by a microburst?

A – 20 km
B – 400m
C – 4 km
D – 50 km

Ref: all

Ans: C

24421. Which of the following sets of conditions are most favourable to the
development of thunderstorms?

A – Extensive isothermal layer, ice particles and water droplets must exist just
below the freezing level and orographic lifting
B – Environmenal lapse rate greater than saturated adiabatic lapse rate through
a great vertical extent, high relative humidity and an initial lifting process
C – Environmental lapse rate less than saturated adiabatic lapse rate with dew
point below 0oC and considerable surface heating
D – Environmental lapse rate less than dry adiabatic lapse rate with freezing
level below the cloud base, high relative humidity and strong surface
winds

Ref: all

Ans: B

24423. Which of the following situations favours the formation of heavy

thunderstorms?

A – A cold front approaching a mountain range in the evening

B – The passage of a warm front in the morning
C – A cold front on the leeward side of a mountain range
D – A warm sector moving over a snow-covered ground

Ref: all

Ans: A
24424. Which of the following statements about lightnings and lightning strikes is
correct?

A – The aircraft is temporarily part of the lightning trajectory

B – Spherical lightnings often penetrate into aircraft
C – Lightning strikes always cause heavy damage
D – Compasses and electronics are always affected

Ref: all

Ans: A

24436. Which one of the following can provide the initial lifting leading to air mass
thunderstorms?

A – Advection of cold air over a warm sea

B – Mountain waves
C – Advection of warm air over a cold sea
D – Low level wind shear

Ref: all

Ans: A

24445. Which statement is correct for microbursts?

A – They only develop below convective clouds with heavy rain

B – The diameter of the affected area on the surface does not exceed 4 km
C – They occur in the tropics only
D – Their downdraft is warmer than the surroundings

Ref: all

Ans: B

24455. With the development of a thunderstorm, at what stage will there be only
updraughts of air?

A – Anvil stage
B – Mature stage
C – Initial stage
D – Dissipating stage

Ref: all

Ans: C