DẠNG 1: ĐIỀN ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ VÀO CHỖ TRỐNG.

A. LÝ THUYẾT
I. CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
1. Who: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: ____________
Eg: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father.
2. Whom: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: ____________
Eg: The woman whom/ who you saw yesterday is my aunt.
3. Which: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: ____________
Eg: This is the book which I like best.
He failed the test, which disappointed his parents.
4. That: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: ____________
Eg: That is the book which/ that I like best.
The man who/that is sitting by the fire is my father.
The woman whom/ who/ that you saw yesterday is my aunt.
I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park.
Chú ý:
KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT khi
- Khi phía trước nó có ____________hoặc ____________
PHẢI DÙNG THAT
- Khi danh từ mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ______ vừa có ________
Ex: - I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park.
She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh ____________
Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
- khi đi sau các từ: very, ____________, ____________, ____________
Ex: It was the first time that I heard of it.
- khi đi sau các đại từ ____________, đại từ ____________: all, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything,
anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
Ex: These books are all that my sister left me. / There is something that must be done
- Sau đại từ nghi vấn ____________và ____________
Ex 1: Who is she that you say hello?
Ex 2 : What is it that makes you sad?
5.Whose: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: ____________
WHOSE và OF WHICH
WHOSE : dùng cả cho ____________và ____________
-> This is the book whose cover is nice HOẶC This is the book the cover of which is nice
OF WHICH : chỉ dùng cho ____________,không dùng cho ____________.
CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
1. When: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: _____________________
2. Where: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: _____________________
3. Why: - trước: ____________, sau: ____________, đặc biệt: _____________________

ĐIỀN VÀO Ô TRỐNG CÁC PHƯƠNG ÁN PHÙ HỢP

1/ Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ?
2/ Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.
3/ This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds.
4/ Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5/ Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ?
6/ The house, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7/ Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8/ Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ?
9. I can’t find the key _______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
11. I don’t like the boy _______ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress _______ she wore yesterday.
13. The man _______ she is going to marry is very rich.
14. This is the bank _______ was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask _______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
16. The men _______ lives next-door are English.
17. The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
18. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
19. The police are looking for the thieves _______ got into my house last night.
20. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.

II. Nối 2 câu đơn

1. Phân biệt mệnh đề quan hệ
a. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining clause)
- Là mệnh đề ____________cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì câu không còn rõ nghĩa
nữa.
- Đằng trước, đằng sau MĐQH không có ____________.
b. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining clause)
- Là mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ ________________________ thông tin cho danh từ đứng trước.
- Đằng trước, đằng sau mệnh đề quan hệ luôn có ____________để phân tách với các thành phần khác của câu.
- Danh từ mà mệnh qh ko xác định bổ nghĩa phải là 1 trong 3 loại sau: ____________,
________________________, ________________________
c. Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp
- Bổ nghĩa cho ________________________ (mô tả 1 sự việc nào đó)
- luôn dùng ____________
- đằng trước phải có ____________
- Which thay thế cho: it, this
2. Các bước nối 2 câu đơn, sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ.
The man is a famous singer. You have talked to him/ the man.
Bước 1: xác định đại từ nào ở câu 2 thay thế cho danh từ ở câu 1. / xác định danh từ nào ở câu 2 được lặp lại.
Bước 2: xác định đại từ/trạng từ quan hệ
Bước 3: thay thế đại từ/ danh từ lặp lại bằng đại từ quan hệ và đặt đại từ quan hệ ở đầu mệnh đề 2.
Bước 4: đặt mệnh đề quan hệ sau danh từ mà nó thay thế.
Bước 5: xác định loại mệnh đề quan hệ
Bước 6: Soát lại
1. Smallpox has disappeared. It once killed thousands of people every year.
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2. This is Felicity. You met her sister last week.
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3. He swam across the English Channel. It is hard to believe that.
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4. Borges was a wonderful writer. He never won the Nobel Prize.
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5. Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. His films amused millions.
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6. Dr Oley is our family’s dentist. He is a popular dentist in the city.
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7. His sisters are identical twins. I saw them last Monday.
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8. The river is the Sai Gon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City.
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9. The girls are performing the play. They rehearsed it yesterday.
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10. Their parents are anxious about their children. The children come back late
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III. LƯỢC BỎ VÀ RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
A. Nếu sau đại từ quan hệ là một mệnh đề
- It's the best movie that I have ever seen. → It's the best movie I have ever seen.
- I saw the girl whom you talked to yesterday. → I saw the girl you talked to yesterday.
- The knife with which you cut the cake was really sharp. → The knife you cut the cake with was really sharp.
Chú ý:
- Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to V.
We have some picture books that children can read.
->______________________________________________________
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we, you, everyone…. thì có thể không cần ghi
ra.
- Nếu trước đại từ quan hệ có giới từ thì phải đặt cuối câu. (lỗi dễ sai).
We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
->______________________________________________________
Working in an international company is a great thing that people should think about.
->______________________________________________________
B. Nếu sau đại từ quan hệ là động từ
1. Sau đại từ quan hệ là tobe  bỏ ____________________
VD: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
->___________________________________________
Do you like the book which is on the table?
->___________________________________________
My grandmother, who is old and sick, never go out of the house.
->___________________________________________
2. Sau đại từ quan hệ là động từ thường - loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ và biến đổi động từ thường thành:
____________________
a. V- ing
+ Khi trong mệnh đề quan hệ đang sử dụng các thì ____________________
VD: The man who is standing there is my brother.
->______________________________________________________
+ Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng ____________________
VD: The man who gave you this book is my brother.
->______________________________________________________
b. P2
+ Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở ____________________
VD: I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.
->______________________________________________________
c. to V
+ Khi trước danh từ có ONLY, LAST,số thứ tự như: FIRST, SECOND…, so sánh hơn nhất
VD: This is the only student who can solve the problem.
->______________________________________________________
+ Khi trước mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ là HAVE/ HAD
Ex: I have much homework that I must do.
->______________________________________________________
- Khi đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today.
->______________________________________________________
- Ưu tiên các trường hợp to V
This is the first man who was arrested by police yesterday.
->______________________________________________________
Tóm lại:

MĐQH

sau ĐTQH sau ĐTQH Sau ĐTQH

là V là to be là MĐ

N, adj, for sb to
Ving PP To V MĐ to do st
prep do st

PRACTICE
Reduce these following relative clause using to-infinitive or past participle.
A. 1. The man who is standing there is a clown.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
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3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes,
perfumes and explosives.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. The students don’t know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Davy in 1982.
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7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
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8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
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10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
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11. The street which leads to the school is very wide.
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12. The system which is used here is very successful.
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13. The old lecturer who teaches my son is my neighbour.
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14. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
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15. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
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16. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.
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17. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.
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18. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
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19. The man who met you yesterday works for a big firm.
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20. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
___________________________________________________________________________
B. 1. The only thing which we can do now is wait and see.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Who was the first Vietnamese woman that set foot on the Antarctic?
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3. Why am I always the last that finds out about these parties?
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4. This is the ideal place where we can build a house of our own.
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5. The Honda Civic is the best car you should rent for your trip.
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6. What are the most interesting things a tourist can see and do in your city?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. The next question which we will consider is the crucial one.
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8. This is the best book which you can read on a long flight.
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9. He is not a person who will let little things disturb.
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10. Yuri Gagarin became the first man that traveled in space.
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11. She has no one who can help her.
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 12. The best place where you should put the piano is in the living room.
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13. We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building.
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14. I ran through the crowd of people who were hurrying to get to work.
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15. The trees that were blown down in last night’s storm have been moved off the road.
___________________________________________________________________________
16. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country.
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17. Much of this region, which was once covered by forest, is now bare of trees.
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18. An agreement has been signed to protect the forests which are being cut down all over the world.
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19. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss.
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20. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
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C. 1. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
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2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
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3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
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4. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
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5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad.
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6) I was the only one who realized him.
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7) I have some homework which I must do tonight.
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8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
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9) I was awakened by the sound which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
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10) There are six reports which have to be typed today.
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11) We had a river in which we could swim .
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12) Here are some accounts that you must check.
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13) The last student that was interviewed was Tom.
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14) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.
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