SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Adopted by 193 countries

PURPOSE? To see if your action, plan, solution, and business are sustainable

ECONOMY

SOCIETY

ENVIRONMENTAL

Triple Bottom Line: Pillars of Sustainable Development

1. Environmental Integrity
2. Social Equity
3. Economic Progress
PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1. Zero Waste Principle
2. No Harm Principle
3. Principle of Prevention
4. Precautionary Principle
5. Concept of Intergenerational Equity
6. Rights-based Approach
Management Theories – Frederick Taylor

Four principles of management for all managers:

1. Develop a science for each aspect of work.

Also, study and analyze it to find the single best way to do the work.
2. Ensure that the selection of workers is based on a scientific methodology and not on
nepotism and favoritism.
Also, train, teach and develop the workforce allowing them to reach their optimum
potential.
3. Your employees are not your enemies.
Therefore, create an environment of cooperation with them to ensure the
implementation of scientific principles.
4. Divide all work and responsibility equally between the workers and the
management.

Management Theories – Max Weber and Henri Fayol

1. Division of Work

2. Authority and Responsibility

3. Discipline

4. Unity of Command

5. Unity of Direction

6. Subordination

7. Remuneration

8. Centralization

9. Scalar Chain:

10. Order:

11. Equity:

12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel

13. Initiative

14. Espirit de Corps

LEAN CONSTRUCTION
Low Productivity in the AEC sector
• evidence suggests that “overall” construction productivity has declined over the past 50 years.
• the decline continues despite the introduction of significant technological advances, suggesting
that improving the situation may have more to do with healing an increasingly fragmented, non-
collaborative industry than only enhancing its individual components' productivity.
• traditional construction methods are riddled with wasteful practices and constraints that
systematically clog process flow.
Sources of failure in the industry
1. The cause of building defects are lack of motivation and knowledge among the four
participant categories surveyed:
a. Designers
b. site managers
c. workers
d. subcontractors
2. The nature of the construction industry is adversarial.
3. High level of wastage in the resources – human and material due to inefficiencies,
mistakes, delays, and poor communication.
4. Unclear responsibility of designers.
5. Undefined value propositions.
Traditional Measures of Performance in the industry
1. On-time completion
2. Within the budget
3. High levels of safety
4. Quality - conformance with plans and specifications, construction codes
DEFINITION
Lean project delivery (LPD) or Lean construction—a project delivery philosophy that aims to
reduce waste and add value using continuous improvement in a culture of respect.
• It is value-driven instead of traditional profit-driven.
• optimizes the “whole”, facilitating collaboration.”
• Relational rather than transactional.
• Plan_Do_Check_Act in collaboration with Owner-Architects-Engineers-Contractors.
3 tenets of lean construction
1. Minimize waste and add value in all forms.
2. Continuously improve products and systems.
3. Maintain respect for people to improve overall time, cost, quality, safety, and
morale.

Lean Construction Objective

To produce a product that satisfies the customer’s requirements—while minimizing waste and
maximizing value.
Project Phases:

Project definition

Lean Design

Lean Supply
Lean
Assembly

1. Project Definition
a) Purpose –value proposition; customer defines value, want, needs, and satisfactory
performance.
b) Design criteria - A document that describes specific needs to be met, such as size, space
proximities/adjacencies, and energy efficiency requirements.
c) Conceptual design- Use value proposition and design criteria to outline a design that
serves as a starting point for the design phase.
2. Lean design (Methods)
a) Design concepts
b) Process design – construction productivity rates
c) Product design –
a. Builds on the output from Phase 1-Project definition
b. Designs with product and process in mind- 5Ms
c. Materials quality and availability on site
d. Scheduling; identify areas/causes of the potential delay
e. Use sticky notes, illustrations, etc.
f. CM guides the client to visualize the needs and wants in certain terms
g. CM offers the clients alternatives and values
h. Value stream mapping for greater cost control
i. Last Planner System (LPS) and just-in-time (JIT)
3. Lean supply (Materials)
a) Product design
b) Detailed engineering
c) Fabrication and logistics
a. Ensure workflow reliability (CPM/Pert, Gantt Chart, WBS)
b. Create workflows to reduce risks, streamline schedules
c. Use web-based project management software to increase the transparency of
value streams
d. linking production workflow with material supply
 e. Establish a pull planning system to ensure that materials and information are
available to whoever needs it, whenever they need it.
4. Lean Assembly
a) Fabrication and logistics
b) Installation
c) Commissioning