PAPER

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

“MACHINE LEARNING : NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING”

ARRANGED BY
SUSI ASTUTI (2188203032)
CLASS : 3.2
APPLIED LINGUISTICS
SUPPORTING LECTURER : HERDI, M.Pd

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

FACULTY EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL STUDIES
LANCANG KUNING UNIVERSITY
2023
 FOREWORD

Thank you, we pray to the presence of God Almighty for bestowing His grace in the
form of opportunities and knowledge so that I can complete my paper assignment.
This paper was submitted to fulfill one of the assignments for the APPLIED
LINGUISTICS course with the supporting lecturer HERDI, M.Pd. We do not forget to thank
the lecturers of the APPLIED LINGUISTS course who have provided direction and guidance
in the preparation of this paper and parents who always support the smooth running of our
assignments.
Finally, the authors would like to thank you for your attention to this paper, and we
hope that this paper will be useful for us, especially with all humility, constructive
suggestions and criticism, the authors hope from readers to improve the writing of papers on
other assignments in the future.
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Education is a necessity that can’t be separated from everyday life. Each person
must have tried to get a good education in the formal and non-formal institutions. Success
or failure of a school is often measured by the results of the assessment at the end of the
learning process, although it is not the sole determinant tool an education, but it is still
used in the world of education.
Language as an important part of the next human life, in written form can be a
record of knowledge acquired by mankind from one generation to the next, while in
spoken form it is a means of communication between individuals in a society. The goal in
the field of Natural Language is to carry out the process of making a processing model of
language, so that an interaction between humans and computers can occur by means of
natural language. This processing model can be useful for scientific purposes, for
example researching the properties of a form of natural language or for everyday
purposes, in this case facilitating communication between humans and computers.
Natural Language System must pay attention to knowledge of the language itself,
both in terms of the words used, how these words are combined to produce a sentence,
what a word means, what is the function of a word in a sentence and so on. However, we
also have to consider that there is one more thing that plays a very important role in
language, namely the human ability to understand and the ability to do so is obtained
from knowledge that is obtained continuously during life. For example, in a conversation,
someone may be able to answer a question or participate in a conversation based not only
on language skills but also must know, for example, terms that are commonly used in the
conversation group or even must know the context of the conversation itself.

B. Problem Formulation
1. What is NLP?
2. What is the history of NLP?
3. What are the knowledge areas in NLP?
4. What are the main components of NLP?
5. What are the categories of NLP applications?
6. What are the applications of NLP?
7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of NLP?

C. Writing purpose
 The purpose of writing this paper is to increase knowledge about Natural
Language Processing (NLP) and to fulfill assignments given by lecturers as students at
Lancang Kuning University Faculty of Education and Vocational English Education
Department

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition of NLP
Language is something that is very, very important in human life, both in written form
which is formed in records of knowledge acquired by mankind from generation to generation,
as well as in spoken form which here is a means of communication between individuals and
groups. In a society.
Natural Language Processing “NLP” is a science/field in computer science, artificial
intelligence, and language (linguistics) which is always related to the interaction between
computers and human natural language. The main goal of studying the field of Natural
Language Processing “NLP” is to create a machine that is able to understand and understand
the meaning and meaning of human language and then give the desired response.
Natural Language Processing “NLP” or Natural Language Processing is one of the
long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence “AI” (artificial intelligence), namely a method of
making programs that have the ability and intelligence to understand human language.
Basically, natural language is a form of representation/shape of a message to be
communicated between humans. The main form of representation is in the form of sound or
in the form of speech (spoken language), which is often expressed and manifested in written
form.
The essence of Natural Language Processing or natural language processing is parsing
sentences or often called Parsers. The parser itself functions to read a sentence, word by word
and determine what types of words may be followed from those words. In an understanding
of a language there are several fields or knowledge that must and must be included, namely
Morphology, Semantics, Phonology, Syntax, and Pragmatics.
B. History of NLP
The history of Natural Language Processing “NLP” itself began in the 1950s, and in
1950, Alan Turing published a famous article entitled “Computing Machinery and
Intelligence” in which Alan Turing proposed a test that is now famously called the Turing
Test. The Turing test itself is a test which measures the ability of a machine (in this case a
computer program) to be able to show intelligent behavior. In an illustration of the original
example, a judge where humans will engage in conversation with humans and machines to be
tested. All participants are separated from each other. If the judge cannot distinguish between
humans and machines, then the machine is said to have passed the test.
C. Fields of Knowledge In NLP
The following describes the areas of knowledge related to Natural Language, namely:
1. and phonology
Associated with the sound that makes a word recognizable. This field is important in
applications that use speech-based system methods.
2.Morphology
Namely the knowledge of words and their forms that are used to distinguish one word from
another. At this level, words and other elements such as punctuation can also be separated.
3. Syntax
Namely the understanding of the order of words and the formation of sentences and the
relationship between these words in the process of changing the form of a sentence into
something systematic.
4. Semantics
Namely mapping the form of syntactic structures by utilizing each word into a more basic
form and not depending on sentence structure.
5. Pragmatics
With regard to the level of knowledge of each different context depending on the situation
and the purpose of making the system.
6. Discourse knowledge
Identify whether a sentence has been read and recognized before in influencing the meaning
of the next sentence. This information is important to know in order to process the meaning
of personal pronouns and to interpret temporary aspects of the information.
7. World knowledge
Includes the meaning of a word in general and whether there is a special meaning for a word
in a conversation with a particular context.
D. Main Components of NLP
Natural Language Processing or natural language processing consists of 3 main parts
or components, namely: Parser, Output Processing, and Knowledge Representation System.
1. Parsers
A system/method that takes natural language input sentences and breaks them down into
grammatical parts (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.).
2. Translator Outputs
A translation system/method that can display a knowledge system and can perform steps
which could be in the form of an answer to a natural language or a special output that
fits/corresponds with other computer programs.
3. Knowledge Representation System
A system/method that can analyze a Parser’s output to determine its meaning or significance.
E. NLP Application Category
Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology or Natural Language Processing is a
technology that makes it possible to carry out various processing processes for a natural
language that is commonly used by humans in everyday life. A system can usually have an
input and an output in the form of Text. Natural Language Processing has a very wide scope
of application. Some of the various categories of NLP applications are as follows:
1. Natural Language Translator
That is a translator from one natural language to another natural language, for
example a translator from Indonesian to English, Indonesian to Spanish and so on. A natural
language translator that is not only a dictionary that can translate word for word as usual, but
must also translate the syntaxes from the source language to the desired destination language.
2. Natural language translator to artificial language
Namely a translator system that can change commands from natural language into an
artificial language that can be executed easily by a machine or computer. As an example, a
translator that allows us to give commands in natural language to computers. With a system
like this, system users can give commands using everyday language, for example, to copy all
files, the user only needs to give the command to the computer, namely “computer, please
copy all files!” The translator will automatically translate the command from natural
language into a command in formal language that can be understood by the computer, namely
“dir *.*”.
3. Text Summarization
That is a system that is able to “make a summary” of the things that are important
from a given discourse.

F. LP application
In general, the types of applications that can be made in the field of NLP are divided
into two, namely text-based applications and dialogue-based applications.
1. Text-based applications are all kinds of applications that process written text such
as documents, e-mails, books and so on. Several types of text-based NLP
applications:
Ø Programs for classifying and retrieving documents by content.
A program that is capable of classifying and retrieving the contents of a document
based on its content. Such as spam filtering (trash message filtering), language identification
(language identification), and others.
Ø Machine translation
A program capable of translating sentences in the form of text or sound from one
natural language to another. Example: Google Translate.
 2. Dialogue-based applications ideally involve spoken language or voice recognition,
but can also include dialogue interactions by typing question text via the
keyboard. Example :
Ø Intelligent personal assistant.
Software that is capable of performing tasks and services based on user input,
location, and has the ability to access information from various online sources (such as
weather, traffic conditions, news, stocks, etc.). An example is Siri on Apple products and S-
Voice on Samsung mobile products.
Ø Chatbots.
A chatbot is a computer program designed to simulate an intelligent conversation with
one or more human users via voice or text input, primarily used for small talk. Example:
Cleverbot, SimSimi, and Begobet.
G. The Pros and Cons of NLP
ADVANTAGES
1. Does not require syntax
2. Flexible and powerful
3. Easy to interact
4. It is a mixed initiative.
DEFICIENCY
1. Having dualism
2. Not precise
3. Long-winded
4. Complicated software design
5. Not efficient.
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Natural Language Processing “NLP” is a science/field in computer science, artificial
intelligence, and language (linguistics) which is always related to the interaction between
computers and human natural language.
The history of Natural Language Processing “NLP” itself began in the 1950s, and in
1950, Alan Turing published a famous article entitled “Computing Machinery and
Intelligence” in which Alan Turing proposed a test that is now famously called the Turing
Test.
Fields of knowledge related to Natural Language are: Phonetics and phonology,
Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, Discourse knowledge, and World knowledge.
Natural Language Processing or natural language processing consists of 3 main parts
or components, namely: Parser, Output Processing, and Knowledge Representation System.
The NLP application categories are Natural Language Translator, Natural Language
Translator to Artificial Language, and Text Summarization.
NLP applications are divided into two, namely text-based applications and dialogue-
based applications.
The advantages of NLP are, it doesn’t require syntax, it’s flexible and powerful, it’s
easy to interact, and it’s a mixed initiative.
Disadvantages of NLP namely, Having dualism, Not precise, Long-winded,
Complicated software design, and inefficient.

B. Suggestion
From the results of writing this paper, we hope that fellow students or students will
read more other books in order to gain extensive knowledge about “NATURAL
LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)”. Because we feel that this paper is still far from
perfection and there are still many shortcomings both in terms of writing and discussion.
Hopefully this paper can be useful for all.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://bahasalami.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/pemrosesan-bahasa-alami-muhammad.html
http://socs.binus.ac.id/2013/06/22/natural-language-processing/
https://egaighfar.wordpress.com/2016/07/27/natural-language-processing/
http://mozictapps.blogspot.co.id/2013/12/natural-language-processing.html