AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION

Air conditioning is the science of controlling primarily three parameters of human

comfort, temperature, relative humidity and air quality. Air conditioners, dehumidifiers and
evaporative coolers serve the purpose however air conditioners are termed expensive and coolers
prove ineffective in humid conditions. The study conducted in the work aims at developing a
peltier operated air coupled with a dehumidifier to achieve dual objective of dehumidification
and sensible cooling. The work aims to performance testing of peltier operated air conditioner
for indoor cooling. The desired design is intended to provide a good alternative to present air
conditioners which consume sufficiently high electricity with very large initial investment. The
thermo electric coolers operates on the principle of Peltier effect. By transferring heat between
two electrical junctions it results in temperature difference. When the current flows through the
junctions of the two conductors, heat is removed at one junction and cooling occurs. The main
application of peltier is cooling. However , it can also be used for heating. In both cases it
requires DC voltage for its operation. Cooling effect occurs when the current passes through one
or more pair of elements from n-type to p-type semiconductors, there is a decrease in
temperature at the junction resulting in the absorption of heat from the environment.

This Portable Air Conditioning System discussed can be used in dual mode operation,
heating and cooling. This system achieves minimum temperature 16 Degree Celsius and
maximum around 40 Degree Celsius and maximum voltage occurs in about 30 minutes. For
future development, this system can be used as a replacement forconventional air- conditioning
systems that use coolant that can be harmless for humans in the long term There is a huge scope
of research in this field of improvement about thermoelectric materials, its fabrication, heat sink
design etc.
A thermoelectric module-based cooling can cool 4.5 x 2.5 rooms with only a few
modules in a very less time. The Peltier module will prove sufficient in air conditioning for
indoor applications as desired. Peltier effect has an efficiency of around 10 –15% compared to
the refrigerants 40 – 60 % efficiency. 70 °C temperature difference of heat absorption can be
obtained using Peltier Effect. More thermal mass of the sink is generally good for the efficiency

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 1

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

of the effect in air conditioning. Air conditioning operation can be controlled by a boost
converter which controlled the current supplied to manage temperature differences. Air
conditioning work or efficiency can be improved by creating electricity from the temperature
difference with the application of See-beck effect.
The problem with the exhaust system liberating maximum temperature difference than
cold side effects the cooling effect created by the Peltier air conditioner. This problem has been
resolved using a cooling system by installing a cooling case over the heat sinks with maximum
temperature, which is supplied with water through pump. By this regular supply of water to the
cooling case, creates a faster rate of heat transfer between the heat sinks and cooling case. This
heat transfer rate improves the efficiency of peltier devices.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 2

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

CHAPTER 02
LITERATURE REVIEW

Sl
Author Study title Findings/ Conclusion
no.

Treatment of swelling or
Zdenek
Cooling device with peltier inflammation with a cold wrapper
Slanina,Martin
01 element for medical is known for reducing pain and
Uhlik, Vaclav
applications swelling,which can be made by
Sladecek
peltier cooler.

A Experimental case study on Behavior of Peltier cooling,when

Zuhair R.
02 optimization of Peltier air installed with different number of
Abdulghani
cooler Peltier devices and power input

On this experimental investigation

Theoretical and experimental
Wei He, Jinzhi investigation on thermoelectric
03
Zhou,Chichen,Jie Ji cooling and heating system
driven by solar
of thermoelectric cooling and
heating, the thermoelectric devie
works as a Peltier cooler when
electricity is applied, the minimum
temperature achieved was 17ºC,
with COP of higher than 0.45

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 3

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

Devijyoti Pal, In this journal, Project was made

with treatment of exhaust (hot side)
Design and setup of Peltier
04 Ali Ansari, with the help of air duct, water tank
module based air cooler
and hot tank filled with sand within
Kantanu Kr.Behera it.

A project with air-water heat

Arsh Anis
exchanger was made. Results were
Khan,Sahil Bhalla, Air conditioning using Peltier
05 tabulated for two sources of water
Rushil Rana, Yusuf effect
i.e., Tap water, and cold water at
Paloba
13ºC

They have reached a cooling power

of 50W per module, with a COP
Matthieu cosnier, An experimental and
between 1.5 and 2, by supplyingan
numerical study of a
06 Gilles electrical intensity of 4A and
thermoelectric air-cooling and
Fraisse,Lingai Luo maintaining the 5°C temperature
air-heating system
difference between the hot and cold
sides

They compared performances of

thermoelectric and conventional
vapor compression air-conditioners.
Results show that the actual COPs
Comparative investigation of of vapor compression and
thermoelectric air-conditioners thermoelectric air-conditioners are
07 Riffat and Qiu
versus vapour compression and in the range of 2.6-3.0 and0.38-
absorption air-conditioners 0.45, respectively. However,
thermoelectric air conditioners have
several advantageous features
compared to their vapor-
compression counterparts

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 4

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

CHAPTER 03
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

Figure 3.1: Methodology

Figure 3.1 shows the steps followed throughout the completion of project. From
procurement of components to fabrication followed by observation of results. The procedures
followed during the construction of model is explained clearly in stages.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 5

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

PROCUREMENT OF COMPONENTS
Sl. Component Quantity Specification Cost
no.
1 Peltier Module 2 12V 922

2 Heat sink 2 12V 10A 380

3 Temperature sensor 1 Celsius 186

4 SMPS 1 12V 10A 566

5 Switch 1 12V 20

6 Thermal paste 2 - 80
-
7 Acrylic 4 400

8 Blower fans 4 12V 2A 800

9 Pump 1 12V 10A 150

10 Aluminum water block 1 250

11 White sheet for coating 1 149

12 Aluminum cooling block 1 330

13 Pump 1 12V 80

14 Other Accessories - - 500

GRAND TOTAL 4664

Table 3.1: Cost of Components

The above mentioned materials and accessories were procured by the nearby stores and
online markets. All the technical specifications and cost of the components are mentioned in the
above table 3.1.

DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 6

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

PELTIER MODULE

Figure 3.2: Peltier Module – Working Principle

Peltier is a device which absorbs heat from cold side and turns out heat on hot side on
the application of electrical difference and vice versa. Peltier device consists of two types of
semi- conductors, n-type and p-type semi-conductor. Peltier works on the principle of Peltier
effect and see-beck effect. Peltier 12710 is used in the project.12710 represents 12V and
10A.There are two sides of Peltier, One of the end called as Hot side whereas the other as cold
side. These peltier devices are installed between the Heat sinks of hot and colder sides. The
number of peltier devices depends on work output required or space it needs to be cooled.
In fig. 3.2A, shows the actual working of peltier module on supply of DC current,
whereas fig. 3.2B shows the principle of thermoelectric effect which is vice-versa of Peltier
effect. Here, the power generation takes place on temperature difference between the junctions of
peltier. In fig. 3.3, the arrangement of heat exchanger element attached at either sides of peltier.
In between the contact resistance, there is a arrangement of n-type and p-type semiconductors
alternatively which aids the diversification of heat and cold.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 7

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

Figure 3.3: Internal Structure of Peltier Device

Thermo electric effect: Direct conversion of electric voltage to temperature differences and vice
versa with the help of a thermocouple is known as thermo-electric effect. The voltage is created
by thermoelectric device due to the difference in temperature on each side. Therefore, the voltage
applied causes the heat transfer from one side to other creating a temperature difference.
See-beck Effect: The electricity produced in the junction of different types of wire due to
conversion of heat is known as See-beck effect.
Peltier Effect: It occurs due to the presence of heating or cooling in the electrified junction of
two different conductors with the change in temperature is known as Peltier effect.

TEMPERATURE SENSORS

Figure 3.4: Temperature Sensor

Temperature sensor used to measure the temperature at the cold side of the peltier. It
consists of a sensor probe and LED screen with readouts in Celsius. This device has a measuring
range of -50ºC to +70 º C. Temperature sensors has a cross section of 4.5 cm × 2.5 cm.
HEAT SINKS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 8

Figure 3.5: Heat sinks

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

Heat sink acts as a medium of transfer between peltier module and the blower fans.
It transfers hot or cold air from the peltier module to the Blower fans through them. The material
of manufacture of this component is aluminum. Two heat sinks are attached at either ends of
peltier for absorption of heat and cold. It is also installed to the aluminum cooling case to cool
the exhaust heat gases of the system. The size of heat sinks are same as the size of blower fans
used.

BLOWER FANS

Blower fan acts as agent for

dispensing the hot and cold air liberated during the
operation of peltier. The power ratings of this blowers
are 12V .These fans Figure 3.6: Blower Fan rotates at a speed of 2200
rpm. Three blower fans are attached at the cold side and one blower fan is attached at hot side.

Blower fans act as a agent for dispensing the hot and cold air liberated during the
operation of peltier. The Power ratings of these blowers are 12V. These fans rotate at a speed of
2200 rpm. Two blower fans are attached at both hot and cold sides.

SMPS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 9

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

Figure 3.7: SMPS

The full form of SMPS is Switched Mode Power Supply also known as Switching
Mode Power Supply. SMPS is an electronic power supply system that makes use of a switching
regulator to transfer electrical power effectively.

Switched-mode power supplies are classified according to the type of input and output voltages.
The four major categories are:

 AC to DC
 DC to DC
 DC to AC
 AC to AC

FABRICATOION OF PELTIER AIR CONDITIONER

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 10

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

The following processes or steps are involved in fabricating the model

1. Casing of Peltier air conditioner
 Development of Sheet metal
 Fabrication of sheet metal body
 Composite wall creation
2. Mounting of components
 Affixing peltier with heat sinks
 Mounting of SMPS in the model
 Mounting of tank and cooling case with a heat sink
3. Wiring up the Components
4. Circuit Testing and analysis
5. Result verification

Casing of Peltier Air conditioner

The casing can be completed mainly in three following steps,
i. Development of Sheet metal
A sheet metal of area, A = 6200 cm2, is used for development. The material of
sheet metal is Galvanized iron sheet of thickness 0.5 mm. The development drawn over a
sheet as shown in figure 3.11 is pasted over sheet metal.
ii. Fabrication of Sheet metal
After attaching the development to the GI sheet, the processes like cutting,
bending, joining and finishing processes are made over sheet metal to get the desired
product as shown in figure 3.12.The fabricated sheet metal is of volume, V = 22500 cm3.
iii. Composite wall creation
An acrylic sheet of thickness 5 mm is pasted to the sheet metal through screws at
the inner section of sheet metal body as shown in fig 3.13.After attaching composite wall
the volume is reduced to, v = 19200 cm3.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 11

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

Figure 3.11: Development of sheet metal

Figure 3.12: Fabricated Sheet metal body

Mounting of Components
Mounting of components involves

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 12

AIR CONDITIOINING USING PELTIER DEVICE

a. Affixing of peltier to the heat sinks: A compound called heat sink compound or
thermal paste for attaching peltier to the heat sinks. For proper functioning of peltier
modules thermal paste and heat sinks are necessary.
b. Mounting of SMPS: The SMPS is mounted at inner section of tubular body partially
nearer towards the cold side.
c. Mounting of cooling system: A cooling system is installed to treat/cool the exhaust
gases. A setup of submersible pump, water tank and aluminum cooling water block is
made at the exhaust side.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 13