PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

(CRIM 16)

EXPLORING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY:

FACTORS THAT CAUSES CHILDREN OR

YOUTH TO COMMIT CRIME

LUMBOY, NOVELYN V.

PIMENTEL, HERSHEYKRIS G.

YU-ING, MARIVEL O.

RESEARCHERS

MA’AM EZRA RIZLE L. GRAMAJE

TEACHER
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A research and analysis of juvenile delinquency was conducted in the

Philippines in 2008 by Guevara and Bautista wherein the study aimed to determine
the nature and extent of juvenile delinquency in the Philippines, to determine its
impact to criminality, to ascertain the various causes, factors, and conditions that
leads to delinquency, and to formulate and adopt reasonable and realistic measures
to suppress it.

Juvenile delinquency is a terminology used to generally denote various

offenses committed by children or youths under the age of 18. Delinquent youth is
categorized as accidental, asocial, neurotic, and social. Firstly, accidental delinquent
is less identifiable in personality and temperament, essentially a law abiding citizen
but happens to be at the wrong place at the wrong time. Secondly, asocial
delinquent are children whose acts are manifested by vile, cruel, and atrocious acts
and conduct for which they fell no remorse. Thirdly, neurotic is a direct result of
internal conflict and pre-occupation with his own emotion and mood. And lastly,
social refers to an aggressive teens who resents authority, whether be it parental,
school regulations or ordinances and law passed by the proper legislative
authorities. Factors which cause juvenile delinquency include family, environment,
and school. The juvenile justice system tries to deal with and rehabilitate juvenile
delinquents by community treatment, residential treatment, non-residential
community treatment, and institutionalization. However, no definite treatment has
been proven the most effective form since most of these above mentioned have
been tried in the Philippine Setting.

Guevara and Bautista (2008) came to conclusion that in dealing with

delinquent youths, the police must be able to gain the confidence and respect of the
youth, making them feel that the policemen are their friend and elders who wants to
instill positive discipline and redirect their wrong doings to a more productive and law
abiding behavior.

Another experimental qualitative research was carried out in Tabuk City,

Philippines in May 2022 by Lingbawan et al. where in the study aimed to determine
the causes of juvenile delinquency, the status of cases and the program of DSWD to
prevent delinquency to solve the arising problem in the society.

Family problem/poor relationship and broken family/ separated parents was

the main cause affecting juvenile delinquency in Tabuk City. Family life influences
delinquency in variety of ways. Children reared by affectionate, consistent parents
are unlikely to commit serious crimes either as juveniles or as adults. Children reared
by parents who neglected or reject them are likely to be greatly influenced by their
community environments. Children rejected by parents are among the most likely to
become delinquent. Studies also indicate that the child's disposition plays a role in
this casual chain. A troublesome child or adolescent is more likely to be rejected by
parents, which creates an escalating cycle that may lead to delinquency. Meanwhile,
on the extent of agreement on the solutions to avoid juvenile delinquency in Tabuk
City , Attending to school was the most recommend among the respondents wherein
they strongly agree to it, while attending church services was the least recommend
among the respondents which interpreted as moderately agree. One of the best
ways to combat delinquency is to let children attend school in order for them to
become busy in learning good values, and meet friends that will help shape the way
they view the world. School is also the best place where these children interact with
people that can impact them positively, avoid them from getting oriented with vices
and ultimately make them the persons they dream of.

Lingbawan et al. (2022) concluded that parental neglect of love, care, and
attention force children to engage in illegal activities that put them in a compromised
position and the city government has programs for the youth to prevent them from
falling victim to delinquency but it further needs support and participation from
stakeholders for it to become more effective.

Further descriptive research was conducted in the Philippines in 2014 by Dr.

Anna C. Bocar wherein the study aimed to investigate the perception of the
respondents on the factors of juvenile delinquent acts.

The study looked into the four factors that contribute on juvenile delinquent
acts namely family, environment, school and other department or agencies of the
government. This investigated also which among the factors pushes at all times or
never pushes the youth to engage in law breaking activities. The two hundred twenty
seven respondents’ perception was analyzed through the four qualitative
descriptions which are never, occasionally, often or always for the cause of juvenile
delinquent acts. The findings of the study revealed that: firstly, the teachers, students
and parents manifested that the family pushes the youth `to commit delinquent acts
OCCASIONALLY (sometimes). However, police officers manifested that family
pushes them OFTEN to become delinquent. Secondly, the environment was
perceived by the police officers and teachers as a factor that OFTEN (frequently)
pushes the young ones to break the law. In addition, students and parents
demonstrated that environment would push the youth to commit wrong doings
OCCASIONALLY. Thirdly, the school was found by the teachers, students and
parents as a ground that OCCASIONALLY pushes the youth to engage in the
commission of acts against the law. However, police officers believed that school is
OFTEN (frequently) the factor that pushes the youth to do erroneous acts. And lastly,
other departments or agencies of the government were judged by the police officer
as NEVER or not at all predictors that push the youth to commit crime. However,
teachers, students and parents said that they OCCASIONALLY (sometimes) push
them to commit such acts. 
 Bocar (2014) concluded that the four groups of respondents have different
perceptions as to what factor pushes the youth to become delinquent. It can be
noted that none of the four factors pushes the youth always to break the law. The
environment is observed that it causes the youth to misbehave often (frequently). In
addition, the family and school occasionally (sometimes) cause the juvenile to have
conflict with law. Furthermore, among the four groups of respondents only the police
officers manifested that other departments or agencies of the government are never
(not at all) factors for the youth to commit criminal acts while the three (3) other
groups of respondents declare that it occasionally (sometimes) encourage the
commission of delinquent acts. 

Statement of the Problem

This research study aims to determine the factors of juvenile delinquency in

Tabuk City, Kalinga and the program of DSWD to prevent delinquency to solve the
arising problem in the society. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile variable of the juvenile delinquents in terms of:

a. Gender
b. Age
c. Nature of offense
d. Educational Qualifications
2. What is the frequency and percentage of these factors that affected
children/youths to commit crime?
a. Own self
b. Family
c. Poverty
d. School
e. Friends
f. Environment
g. Other factors
3. What are the programs of DSWD that aim to help Juvenile Delinquents to get
back on track?
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents an outline of the research methodology that will be

used in the process of gathering information for the research questions, the design to
be applied for the research, the sources of data, the instrumentations and data
collection, and the data analysis.

I. Research Design

This descriptive research used the Single Group Design. The researchers
determined the effectiveness of teaching about prevention of parasitic organisms in
human using two methods to single group of Grade 7 students of Tabuk City
National High School. Single group of Grade 7 students was exposed to two
methods of disseminating information about prevention of parasitic organisms in
human. This design was used to see the effects of the different strategies on a single
group.
II. Locale of the study

This research will be conducted in BAHAY PAGASA at Purok 5, Bulanao, Tabuk

City, Kalinga. It is located in front of the municipality hall of Tabuk. It is located
between Kalinga State University in Dagupan and Tabuk Central School.

III. Respondents

The participants of the study were all minors with violations or offenses and

brought to the BAHAY PAGASA for protection.

 REFERENCES

Bocar, A. (2014). Common factors of juvenile delinquents acts. Retrieved January 5,

2018 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253237422

Guevara, R. & Bautista, F. (2008). Juvenile delinquency and crime prevention.

Philippines: Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.

Lingbawan et al. (2022). Assessment causes that affect juvenile delinquency in

Tabuk City. Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Criminology, Saint Louis
College of Bulanao. Tabuk City, Philippines.