4TH BI 1LE ACTIVE RECALL  Lies superior to lateral process

of malleus
PARTS OF THE AURICLE: o Pars tensa
- Helix  With radial/circular fibers
- Antihelix  Everything else
- Scapha o Umbo
- Antihelical fold  Depression on medial elevation
- Crura of the antihelix in the tympanic membrane
- Triangular fossa o Handle of the Malleus
- Concha  Attached to the tympanic
- Tragus membrane
- Antitragus o Cone of Light
- Lobule  Area of the tympanic
- Crus of the helix membrane that reflects on
examination
- Coverings of the Tympanic membrane
o External – thin skin; continuous with
BLOOD SUPPY TO THE AURICLE:
external auditory meatus
- Posterior auricular artery o Internal – mucous membrane
- Superficial temporal artery - Nerve supply of Tympanic membrane:
o External surface:
NERVE SUPPLY TO THE AURICLE:
 Auriculotemporal nerve
- Great auricular nerve  Auricular branch of the vagus
o Branch of cervical plexus nerve
o Medial surface, helix, antihelix, lobule o Internal surface
- Auriculotemporal nerve  Glossopharyngeal branch
o Branch of mandibular nerve
o Skin anterior to external auditory
meatus MIDDLE EAR

External Auditory meatus – in tympanic part of - Tympanic membrane  labyrinths

temporal bone - Boundaries:
o Tegmental (superior) wall
- Lateral 1/3 – cartilaginous, covered in skin  Tegmen tympani bone
continuous with the auricle  Adjacent to middle cranial fossa
- Medial 2/3 – bone; covered in thin skin o Jugular wall (inferior)
continuous with the external layer of tympanic
 Bone covering superior bulb of
membrane
the internal jugular vein
External ear – auricle  tympanic membrane o Membranous (lateral) wall
 Tympanic membrane
Tympanic membrane o Labyrinth wall (Medial)
 Promontory of the labyrinth
- Parts:
wall
o Pars flaccida
 Round window
 With no radial/circular fibers
 Cochlea (basal turn)
 Oval window
 o Carotid (anterior) wall o Head – articulates with the lenticular
 Opening of the process of the incus
pharyngotympanic tube
MUSCLES OF THE AUDITORY OSSICLES
 Canal for the tensor tympani
muscle - Stapedius
o Mastoid (posterior) wall o Attached to stapes
 Aditus to the mastoid process o Found in pyramidal eminence
 Mastoid antrum o CN VII
 Canal of the facial nerve
o Inserts to neck of stapes
PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE o Tightens anular ligament
- Tensor tympani
- Bony posterolateral 1/3 o In canal of the tensor tympani on
- Rest – cartilaginous anterior wall
- Opens posterior to nasopharynx o Origin:
- BS:  Pharyngotympanic tube
o Ascending pharyngeal artery (ECA)  Greater wing of sphenoid
o Middle meningeal artery (1st maxillary  Petrous part of temporal bone
artery) o Insertion: neck of malleus
o Artery of the pterygoid canal (3rd o Tenses tympanic membrane
maxillary) o CN V3
- NS:
o Tympanic plexus (CN IX) INTERNAL EAR
o Pterygopalatine ganglion
- Oval window
- Muscles:
o Opens into vestibule of the bony
o Levator veli palatini – CN X
labyrinth
o Tensor veli palatini – CN V3
- Venous drainage: EAR
o Pterygoid venous plexus
Extrinsic Muscles of the Ear

- Auricularis anterior
Auditory Ossicles – first to fully ossify; increase FORCE o O: Epicranial aponeusosis
but decrease AMPLITUDE o I: spine of helix
o NS: Temporal branch of CN VII
- Malleus -- hammer
- Auricularis superior
o Head, neck, handle, lateral process,
o O: Epicranial aponeurosis
anterior process
o I: upper part of cranial aspect of auricle
o Anterior ligament of the malleus
o NS: Temporal branch of CN VII
o Lateral ligament of the malleus
- Auricularis posterior
- Incus -- anvil
o O: mastoid part of temporal bone
o Lenticular process, short limb, long
o I: ponticulus of eminentia conchae
limb, body – articulates with head of
o NS: Posterior auricular nerve (CN VII)
malleus
- Stapes – stirrup
o Anterior, posterior crura
o Footplate
Intrinsic muscles of the Ear NERVE SUPPLY:

- Helicis major External ear:

- Helicis minor
- Tragicus - Pinna:
o Auriculotemporal nerve – skin anterior
- Antitragicus
- Tranversus auriculae to external auditory meatus
- Obliquus auriculae o Great auricular nerve – helix, antihelix,
lobule, cranial surface
BS to muscles of the ear: o Posterior auricular nerve – everything
else
- Superficial temporal artery
- Tympanic membrane:
- Posterior auricular artery
o External:
NS to muscles of the ear:  Auriculotemporal nerve
 Auricular branch of vagus nerve
- Temporal branch of facial nerve – auricularis o Internal:
superior & anterior  Glossopharyngeal
- Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve –
auricularis posterior Middle Ear:

BLOOD SUPPLY OF EAR: - Glossopharyngeal nerve – makes tympanic

plexus
External Ear: - Facial nerve -- stapedius
- Chorda tympani (passing by)
- Superficial temporal artery
- Maxillary nerve – tensor tympani & tensor veli
- Posterior auricular artery
palatini
Middle Ear: - Vagus nerve – levator veli palatini

- Deep auricular artery

- Anterior tympanic artery
Inner ear:
- Stylomastoid artery – from posterior auricular
artery - Vestibulocochlear nerve
- Facial nerve (passing through internal acoustic
Inner ear:
meatus)
- Labyrinth artery – from basilar artery
NOSE
o Cochlear branch
o Vestibular branch - Vestibule – modified skin
- Respiratory portion – Schneiderian membrane
Pharyngotympanic tube:
- Olfactory portion – olfactory mucosa
- Middle meningeal artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Artery of the pterygoid canal