PERFORMING

CPR
When a person fainted with potential cardiac arrest and unresponsive...

In hospital, notify emergency response

1 team, call for defibrillator, and
do not delay CPR

In other place, assess the scene, check

for safety hazards, assess the patient's
OR response by tapping or shouting, "Hey!
Hey! Are you OK?" Instruct bystander to
call 9-1-1
Assess for pulse, airway and breathing (look, listen & feel).
2 Do gently head tilt-chin lift (jaw thrust for suspected trauma). Scan for abdominal
breathing. Note, gasping and gurgling is NOT breathing.

If no breathing but has pulse, give rescue breaths of

3 10-12 breaths/min, once every 5-6 secs
Pinch the nose and cover the mouth with your mouth to fully seal the airway. Blow in for
one second and check for rising of chest. Reposition if the chest do not rise. Proceed on
No. 2

If no breathing and no pulse, start CPR with rescue breaths. Attach

4 monitor/defibrillator/AED if available.
Place the patient in flat, supine and on a firm Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of
surface. The chest should be compressed in the sternum, and put the other hand over the
the midline (aligned from the armpit) over first with interlaced fingers
the lower half of the sternum, which equates
to the center of the chest.

With straightened arms and shoulders over Proceed to give 2 rescue breaths (no.3). In
victim's chest, push down to give 30 deep
chest compressions over 18 secs (100/min) hospitals, bag-valve-mask ventilation can be
given. In any given cases, remember
with depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm). Allow compression ventilation ratio of 30:2 in 1 or 2
chest wall recoil every 2 mins and minimize rescuers.
chest interruptions in < 10 secs

30:2

Repeat the steps 4 and continue this process until:

the victim begins breathing or help comes along the way. In hospitals, proceed to
5 assess heart rhythm and attempt to defibrillate if VT/VF. Repeat steps 4 and do
secondary ABCDE survey (place and secure airway device, give oxygenation, start IV line,
administer adrenergic drug and/or a antiarrhythmics)
References:
CPR certified. (n.d.). How to Perform CPR on an Adult - Infographic. Retrieved from: https://www.cprcertified.com/how-to-perform-cpr-infographic
Elliot, D., Aitken, L., & Chaboyer, W. (2012). ACCCN's critical care nursing (2nd ed.). Sydney: Elsevier
O'Connor, R. (2019). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Adults. MSD Manuals. Retrieved from https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/cardiac-arrest-and-cpr/cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr-in-adults
Wallace, D. (2015). How to Perform CPR on Adults. Infographic journals. Retrieved from https://infographicjournal.com/how-to-perform-cpr-on-adults/