INTRODUCTION:

 What – Mean (Meaning)

 Where-We can see it (Culture reflects in ….) (Elements)
 What-It possess (Characteristic)
 What-It will do (Functions)

MEANING

That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other
capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

Where we can see the culture

ELEMENTS OF CULRURE: (a)

1) Norms: (how we act)

 Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
 Standards that define the obligatory and expected behaviors of people in various
situations.

MORES:
 A set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices
 It determines what is considered morally acceptable or unacceptable within any
given culture (stealing, lying, bullying, and breaking a promise)

LAWS:

 These are formalized norms enacted by people vested by with legitimate

authority. (A society approves of the exercise of power in a particular way)

folkways:

 These are behavior patterns of society which are organized and repetitive (covering
your mouth when you cough)
 these are not very serious if broken
 2) VALUES:
 Standards of desirability and goodness (son of satyamurthi)
 they are general ideas that individuals share about what is good or bad.

3) LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS:

 It is the way by which people communicate with one another, build relationships,
and create a sense of community

4) FASHION:
 Clothing is an expression, image and personality of a culture
 Clothing can be reflected the norms and cultural values of a nation
(The Sari – India, Bowler hats – Bolivia)

5) IDEAS/BELIEFS/KNOWLEDGE:

6) MATERIAL COMPONENTS:

 Tools, weapons, utensils, machines, ornaments, art, buildings, monuments,

written records, religious images..

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE:
1) CULTURE IS LEARNED:
 Culture is not instinctive and natural it is learned through socialization.
 We need to learn it from others
 Culture is a social product (people interact with one another to develop culture. Culture
is a product of social interaction)

2) CULTURE IS TRANSFORMED:
 Culture is transmuted from individual to individual and individual to group.
 We can transform available knowledge and wisdom to others.
 The language is great source of cultural transformation.
 3) CULTURE IS SOCIAL:
 It means that the culture combines the people on account of common grounds.
(Telugu Language – Andhra & Telangana)
 Every culture provide common models of thinking and actions to its members that is
why the overall character of the people is more or less same.

4) CULTURE IS CUMULATIVE:
 Example NUMERICAL and STONE TOOL

5) CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE:

6) CULTURE TENDS TOWARD INTEGRATION:

TYPES OF CULTURE: (Reason)

1) MATERIAL CULTURE:
 It refers to the concrete and tangible things that man creates and uses.
 They range from the prehistoric stone tools of primitive man to the most advanced
computer of the modern man.

2) NON-MATERIAL CULTURE:
 The words people use
 The habits they follow
 The ideas, customs and behavior that any society declares and to which they strive to
obey
FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE:
1. Providing a sense of identity 1and belonging for individuals and groups

2. Facilitating socialization and transmission of knowledge and values

3. Promoting creativity and expression

4. Guiding behavior and decision-making

5. Regulating social and economic systems

6. Providing a framework for understanding and interpreting experiences

7. Facilitating communication and interaction between different cultural groups

8. Contributing to social stability and order

9. Supporting and challenging power relations within society.

Animals change themselves according to the environment there as human beings bring the changes in
the environment through cultural change.

1
what describes a person's overall view of themselves