VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA

ALAPAKKAM

Academic Session : 2022-23

SUBJECT : ENGLISH(301)

SUBMITTED BY : VIJAYA VARSHINI .S

CLASS & SEC : XI – ‘A’
EXAM NO : 11A43
SUBMITTED TO : Mr. SEBASTIN
 CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonafide Record of Practical work done by
Mr/Miss. __VIJAYA VARSHINI .S____ during the year _2022-23________

Mr. SEBASTIN
Teacher – In- Charge

Submitted for the Practical Examination in ______________________ at

_________________________ held on _________________________________________

Principal Internal Examiners External Examiners

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary.
The Correspondent, Shri. M. V. M. VEL MOHAN, The
Principal. Ms. Y HEMALATHA, Senior Head Master Dr.
R SRIDHAR. for providing the best of facilities and
environment to bring out innovation and spirit of inquiry
through this venture.
I am grateful for their constant support and help.
THE SILK ROAD
TITLE : NATURE AND SURROUNDINGS
 CONTENTS
✓ INTRODUCTION .

✓ SILK ROAD

✓ SILK ROUTE

✓ ANIMALS:
❑ GAZZELS ,
❑ WILD ASS ,
❑ TIBETAN MASTIFF .
✓ CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
❖ The story ‘silk road ‘ is written by Nick Middleton. This
chapter is about the narrator’s journey from slopes of Ravu
to Mount Kailash. This was to complete the kora. Thus, it
gives us an account of the journey they experience.
Moreover, the main aim of the journey was religious mostly.
We see that the author wishes to complete the journey to
Mt. Kailash. Thus, in order to embark on this pilgrimage
journey, he chooses a tough one.
 SILK ROAD
❖ The Silk Road was an ancient trade route that linked the
Western world with the Middle East and Asia. It was a major
conduit for trade between the Roman Empire and China and
later between medieval European kingdoms and China. Apart
from material goods, religion was one of the West major
exports along the Silk Road. The Silk Road was important
because it helped to generate trade and commerce between a
number of different kingdoms and empires. The Silk Road was
the first global trade route in history.
 SILK ROUTE
❖ The Silk Road network is generally thought of as
stretching from an eastern terminus at the ancient Chinese
capital city of Chang'an (now Xi'an) to westward end-points
at Byzantium (Constantinople), Antioch, Damascus, and
other Middle Eastern cities.
ANIMALS : 1)GAZZELS
❖ A small, slender antelope that typically has curved horns and a
fawn-coloured coat with white underparts, found in open country in
Africa and Asia.

❖ Gazelles are known as swift animals. Some are able to run at bursts
as high as 100 km/h (60 mph) or run at a sustained speed of 50 km/h
(30 mph). Gazelles are found mostly in the deserts, grasslands, and
savannas of Africa; but they are also found in southwest and central
Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They tend to live in herds, and eat
fine, easily digestible plants and leaves.
❖ Gazelles are relatively small antelopes, most standing 60–110 cm
(2–3.5 ft) high at the shoulder, and are generally fawn-colored.

❖ The gazelle genera are Gazella, Eudorcas, and Nanger.

The Currently, the genus Gazella is widely considered to contain
about 10 species. One subspecies is extinct: the
. Most surviving gazelle species are
considered to varying degrees. Closely related to the
true gazelles are the and (species
of the genus Procapra), the of Asia, and the
African

.
❖ One widely familiar gazelle is the African
species (Eudorcas thomsonii), which is
around 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 in) in height at the shoulder and is
coloured brown and white with a distinguishing black stripe.
The males have long, often curved, horns. Like many other
prey species, Tommies exhibit a distinctive behaviour
of (running and jumping high before fleeing) when
they are threatened by predators, such
as
and
 2) WILD ASS
❖ wild ass, as with most other Asian wild ass subspecies, is quite
different from the African wild ass species. The coat is usually
sandy, but varies from reddish grey, fawn, to pale chestnut. The
animal possesses an erect, dark mane which runs from the back
of the head and along the neck. The mane is then followed by a
dark brown stripe running along the back, to the root of the tail. It
is one of the fastest of Indian animals, with speeds clocked at
about 70 – 80 km. per hour and can easily outrun a jeep .
❖ Indian wild asses graze between dawn and dusk. The animal
feeds on grass, leaves and fruits of plant, crop, Prosopis pods, and
saline vegetation.

❖ It is one of the fastest of Indian animals, with speeds clocked at

about 70 – 80 km. per hour and can easily outrun a jeep.
❖ Stallions live either solitarily, or in small groups of twos and
threes while family herds remain large. Mating season is in rainy
season. When a mare comes into heat, she separates from the herd
with a stallion who battles against rivals for her possession. After few
days, the pair returns to the herd. The mare gives birth to one foal.
The male foal weans away by 1–2 years of age, while the female
continues to stay with the family herd.
❖ From 1958-1960, the wild ass became a victim of a disease known
as , caused by and transmitted by flies, which
caused a dramatic decline of its population in India. In November and
December 1961, the wild ass population was reduced to just 870 after the
outbreak of South African Horse Sickness.

❖ Besides disease, the ass's other threats include habitat degradation due
to salt activities, the invasion of the shrub, and
encroachment and grazing by the . Conservation efforts since
1969 have helped boost the animal's population to more than 4000
individuals
 3)TIBETAN MASTIFFS
❖ The Tibetan Mastiff is a large size Tibetan dog breed. Its double coat is
medium to long, subject to climate, and found in a wide variety of colors,
including solid black, black and tan, various shades of red and bluish-gray
and sometimes with white markings around neck, chest and legs. Originally
these dogs were used to protect Buddhist monasteries and monks of Tibet
from animals such as bears, wolves and snow leopards.

❖ The Tibetan Mastiff is a phenotypically distinct dog breed that was bred as
a flock guardian in the high altitudes of the Himalayas .The Tibetan Mastiff was
able to adapt to the extreme highland conditions of the Tibetan Plateau very
quickly compared with other mammals
❖ The Tibetan Mastiff is considered a primitive breed. It typically retains the
hardiness which would be required for it to survive in Tibet, Ladakh and
other high-altitude Himalayan regions.

❖ Instinctive behaviors, including canine pack behavior, contributed to the

survival of the breed in harsh environments. It is one of the few primitive
dog breeds that retains a single estrus per year instead of two, even at much
lower altitudes and in much more temperate climates than its native climate.
This characteristic is also found in wild canids such as the wolf and other wild
animals. Since its estrus usually takes place during late autumn, most Tibetan
Mastiff puppies are born between December and January.
 CONCLUSION
❖ The Silk Road was more than an extensive trade route.
It was a catalyst for the globalization of the world.
Establishing itself during the Han Dynasty, it spanned
from 130 BCE to 1453 CE. The production and cultivation
of silk is what the Silk Road was most famous for.
❖ The three most famous animals in silk road are :
Gazzels,Wild Ass and Tibetan Mastiff.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

➢ https://www.ukessays.com

➢ https://en.wikipedia.org

➢ https://www.slideshare.net