Ireland is an island in northwest Europe, west of England, which consists politically of

the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, the latter of which has been a constituent
part of the United Kingdom since 1922. The island has an area of 84,000 square
kilometers and a total population of just under 6.5 million.

Irish and English are official languages in Ireland; English is now spoken natively by
over 99% of the Irish-born population. Before the arrival of Norman and English settlers
in the late twelfth century, Ireland was entirely Irish-speaking.

Pronunciation patterns

Irish English is a cover term for varieties of English spoken in Ireland—there are a
number of shared features in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary across the forms
of English throughout the entire island.

Below the level of Irish English, a distinction can be made between English in Ulster
(more narrowly NEROLY Northern Ireland) and varieties in the south, i.e., in the
Republic of Ireland. It can be subdivided into an east-coast dialect area, from Dublin to
the southeast corner, reflecting the period of earliest English settlement, SEROLMENT
and the southwest, west and northwest which are areas in which the Irish language
survived longest and where varieties are spoken which show many features deriving
from the historical shift from Irish to English.

Vocabulary

Phrasal verbs can have meanings not found elsewhere, e.g. give out ‘complain’.

Specific uses of English words found in Irish varieties would include:

● crack, n. (a1966) – fun, amusement; mischief; from Irish craic, itself a borrowing
from English.
● yoke, n. (1910) – a machine or device of any kind; a contraption. More generally:
any object whose name one cannot recall, does not know, or does not wish to
specify; (also) a person, a fellow.

Some Irish words appeared in American English in the 19th century, e.g.
 ● Slew, SLU n.3 (1839) – a very large number, a great amount; from Irish slua(gh)
‘crowd, multitude’.
● phoney, foni adj. (1893) – fake, sham, counterfeit; false; insincere; probably a
variant VERIENT of fawney FONY, n. (a ring; from Irish fáin(n)e) ‘ring’).

When using English, Irish people place great store on agreement and ease IZ of
exchange, both of which are highly valued in Irish discourse, and a number of pragmatic
markers are frequently used to realize these features:

Sure (reassurance RIASURENCE) - Sure, it won’t take you that long.

Sentence-final then (tacit agreement) - I suppose it might be safe, then.

Grand (reassurance, agreement) - You’re grand the way you are. - That was a grand
cup of coffee.

Just (mild MALD disagreement) - Just, he wasn’t go to pay for it after all.

Now (hedging gejing device) - Okay, I have to go, goodbye now.

Like (focuser) - They’d go into the houses, like, to play the cards.

Grammar
People in Ireland generally use grammar the same way as British English speakers,
except for those who speak local dialect.

However, when we look at colloquial speech then it is obvious that there are many
different structures in Irish English which set it apart from standard British or American
English.

There are several forms used for a second person plural pronoun, a special form for this
having been lost a few centuries ago in standard forms of English. The first is ye GI, the
older English second person plural pronoun, retained in Ireland. - This is not
stigmatized and is heard across the island of Ireland and across various levels of
society. The other forms do carry a degree of social stigma, at least when they are the
only forms which speakers use. PASAR PPT- These include youse YAWS, which arose
from Irish speakers who put the plural –s on you when learning English. A combined
form of ye + s also exists, i.e., yeez (the spelling is not regulated and varies). In Ulster
Scots in the north the form yins (from you ones) occurs.
https://public.oed.com/blog/introduction-to-irish-english/

In the area of verbs, Irish English shows many non-standard constructions. The adverb
after is used to report a recent action of high informational value: He’s after smashing
the window. The word order Object + Past Participle is used to indicate that an action
has been planned and carried out, e.g. She has the soup made ‘She has finished
making the soup’ (and not ‘She had someone make the soup for her’).

Accents (regions 2 or 3)

Include video (examples)

Include maps

Length: 8-10 mins