® Example on flat slab An office building is planned using a flat plate floor system with the column layout as shown in figure below. No beams, dropped panels, or column capitals are permitted. Specified live load is SkN/m2 and dead load will include the weight of the slab plus an allowance of 1.129kN/m2 for finish floor plus suspended loads. The columns will be 450mmx450mm, and the floor to floor height of the structure will be 3.6m. Design the interior panel c, using materials S400, C25/30 and class I work. Straight bar reinforcement will be used.All columns 45x4Sem Figure: Two —way flat slab floor1. Flat slab thickness from deflection requirement: ; 2) Ab Ki +s yf, 243.2, Ta 2 } if pPo © Po = hee * 107? = 0.0053 4 [i+ 1s fa (2) +32 fm 1)" if p he= 4 = 2480/3141 So8mm coh. $08mm Lizlo= 53m pall, - 34h) _16.45%5.5 6 z Roe 0.508)" = 301.27kNm fix = 25MPa, fai = 14.167MPa S- 400=> fy, = 400MPa, fq = 347.83MPa m= Soa = 23.98 08h, 5 Check for flexural Design: The largest moment, Mise: = -142.78kNm b= 2750mm (for a column strip) ‘Minimum effective depth ro avoid any’ compression steel (singly reinforced is given by: Ma Figbat < Kent = 0-295 Ma [_wa7ess08 Tavsxbefeg — \\Ta0exzTsOvIe Ie? = 118.95mmAssuming 25 mm cover. 12-mm diameter bars, the overall depth (D) ofthe slab is: D = 11895 +25 +6 = 139.95 mm Used is D = 220 mm ..., Safe! 6 Cheek d for punching shear Based on the wibutary area of the loaded floor D,= 199% D,= 187mm 1 Dae 5 (gpd) = 193mm zaraPerimeter of critical failure line. (uo) Uo = 2(Cx + C,) = 2*(450+ 450) = 1800mm (adjacent to interior columns EC -2, 1992. P-106, Sec -6.53) Uy = (Ce + Cy) + 2"3.14*(2d)) = 2(900) +2*3.14*2" 193 = 4224. 1mm Punched area, Ap = (450 + 4* 193)°- 4[(2"193) -2/4(2*193)°) = 1365384.74mm* Tributary area, A, for balancing the critical shear. Ay = (5500)? — 1365384.74= 28884615.26mm? => Ay ~ 28.885m? ©. Punching shear due to applied load: Vea Pot = 16.45*28.885 = 475.152KN.According eccentricity due to unbalanced moment on the slab (moment in the column) Equivalent concentric load, Veq becomes: a) Check at perimeter of column Punching shear adjacent to interior columns Veq = BVea / Und < Vrs, max= 1.154475.152*10°/ (1800*193) = 1.573Mpa (B= 1.15 for interior column) Vea maz = 0.2(1 -fex/250) far = 0.2 (1 ~25/250) #25 = 4.5MPa Veq= 1.15*475.152#1000 / 4224. 1* 193 = 1.573MPa< Vao.nex =4-SMPa_ .....OK!b) Check shear stress at control perimeter U1 (2d from face of drop panel) Punching resistance by use simplified equation: Voq= BV Ea Wid < Vac = 1.15*475.152*1000 / 4224.1" 193 = 0.67MPa Verde = man [0.12*K (100*pfek) °?* +KiGep, (0.035K"" fel! +K10ep)] Both ae unknown sicne flexural reinforcenmet has not been determined aa Px = S| ag single bare area in x-direction Gey py fee ayy ~ single bar area in y= direction Assume Concrete lightly stressed_p = 0.5%P1= (Pix *P1y)!? < 0.02 = 0.005 < 0.02 ok! Therefore, p) = 0.005, K; = 0.1, K = 1+ (200/d)"” < 2.02 > 2.0, so take K = 2.0, Op = 0 (have non axial load) and fox = 25Mpa, then substitute the value: Vas = max [0.12*2*(100*0.005425)° + 0), 0.035*2 75 #25"? +0] = Vas = 0.56Mpa < Veq- 0.67Mpa —> not safe! Hence, use drop panel: Provide a square head of side length (Lio) = 850mm and depth, additional to that of the slab. of 100mm Since. it is out of the head neglect this critical perimeter. Consider critical perimeter from the face of the drop200 =I 200 tum ‘Up = 2(850 +850) = 3400mm ‘Uy = 2(850! 850) |2*193*2*3.14) =5824.1mm Punched area, Ap = (850 + 4* 193)°- 4[(2*193)° -1/4(2*193)*) = 2151921.2 mm?Tributary area, A, for balancing the critical shear. Ay = (6500)? ~ 2151921.2 = 29263102.33mm* Ay = 28.098m" Punching shear due to applied load: Vea = PuAr= 16.45*28.098 = 462.21KN and Check at perimeter of column Punching shear adjacent to interior columns Veq = BV sa / Ud = 1.15%462.21*10°/ (3400"193) = 0.81Mpa< Va aun = 4 SMPa OK! Check shear stress at control perimeter ul (2d from face of column) Veq = BV zd /U1d < Vinee 1.15*462.21*1000 / 5824.1* 193 = 0.473MPa.‘Vage = max [(0.12*2*(100#0.005*25) °°, 0,035#2 77 #2517) ‘Vau: = 0.56Mpa >V.q- 0.473Mpa > Safe against punching! Effective diameter of column head, h, Tyo = 850mm, Lana: = Le + 2dh = 450 + 2* 100 = 650mm. 650mm,2L, _ 2*650 An” ve ‘Negative moment to be considered is: = 733.45mm. +1587 My = 266.36x- 37-258.11 90.475 > 2 Mee = 266.360. 3667-20873 «9.3667 = 255.11 =-163.51KNm.Apportioning moments in to column strips and middle strip: Total Bm BMoncolsiip | BM on middle strip Direction of span (Nim) (KNm) (Nm) M, = -163.51 0.75M,=-122.63 | 0.25M,=40.88 Long direction My= 108.94 055M; = 59.92 O45M= 49.02 M,= 163.51 075M, =-122.63 | 025M, =-J0.88 Short direction ‘Mr= 108.94 0.55My= 59.92 0.45Mp= 49.02Flexural Reinforcement: Since, slab is design as a singly reinforced beam. ‘Sample calculation For Md = Mmax = 122.63kNm —> from column strip kare yc =S[1+vT=2R] < 0950 > ha fea «2 a, Then, s = . 120 - 15 - 6 = 199mm and d2 = 220-15-12-6 = 187mm 122.63 x 10° om is 1375 x 1937 x 14.167 tee 4B [1+ VI=2x0.169] = 12268 x10 Is = ara 1475 75.02 $0.95*193=144.75 —>NolOh, z= = 2435.63mm? ba, waves vsti. _ yy = 0-131 = 127. 9mm, Sprop SiMinimum area reinforcement (A, in) Ac nin” 0.26fem bed /fjy, but not less than 0.00134; d Ac win ~ 0.26*2.6*2750* 193/400 = 896.97mm:? > 0.0013*2750*193 = 689.98mm? Aca = 896.97 mem’ Maximum area of reinforcement (Asus) Agmax= 0.04A. = 0.04*193*2750 = 21230mm? Maximum spacing of reinforcement © For slabs less than 200 mm thick the following maximum spacing rules apply ‘For the principal reinforcement: 3h but not more than 400 mm. © For the secondary reinforcement: 3.5h but not more than 450 mmThe exception is in areas with concentrated loads or areas of maximum moment where the following applies: © For the principal reinforcement: 2h but not more than 250 mm. © Forthe secondary reinforcement: 3h but not more than 400 mm Swnax S (2 * 220 = 440mm or 250mm —> Sinax = 250mm Where h is the depth of the slabCoils) | “122.63 199 144,75 1375 2435.63 1279 © 12c/c120 MG 59.92 199 1375 ot2ce COUR ey -122.63 187 1375 Comey 59.92 187 1375 12c/e Tictiewe)) ~4088 199 2750 12c/e (ietietp)) 49.02 199 2750 12c/e Gisriene) | -40.88 187 2750 10 e/e COE BE CGRefer reinforcement detailing according to code (hand-out) > for Reinforcement bar length calculation Reinforcement layout: