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Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

Geometric Design of Highways
(CEng 3201)

Chapter 1:Highway Planning and

Development Process

Getalem T.
 Chapter 1:Highway Planning and Development Process

1.1. Introduction to Highway Planning

1.2. Stages of Highway Development

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 1.1. Introduction to Highway Planning
 Transportation is movement of people and goods which is under
taken to accomplish basic objectives or tasks and for travelling
from one area to another area (origin to destination).
 Even though there are various types of transportations like rail way,
air and water; road transportation system is the most usable and
accessible means due to the following reasons.
• It is more economical compared to the others modes of
transportation.
• Gives door to door service (flexible)
• Construction is flexible (modified grade and road alignment)
• Covers large area etc.
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Road Transport has its own negative impacts such
as: -
• Air pollution (smoke during construction and after
construction)
• Noise pollution
• Energy consumption
• Initial cost is high (construction cost).

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 Transport system means the combination of various
component like
vehicles, guide ways, terminals & control systems so as to
provide the
service and utility to the users.
 Basic objective of transportation
 It helps in the movement of passengers & freight from
one location to
another.
 It relates (Interact with) the population to the use.
 It acts as an integrating & coordinating factor in the
highly complex & industrialized society.
 It provides the place utility5& time utility to product.
 Merit of transport system
It has helped in rising in the standards of living of people.
The settlement pattern in the country is controlled by it.
It has destroyed the feeling of isolation (loneliness) of
the people living in the remote areas.
It provides emergency services available at your door.
It promotes mutual understanding by bringing the
persons of different areas in to contact with each other.

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Demerit of transport system
With the development of large scale industries, the cottage (small scale)
industries have been eliminated.
The area losses its distinguishing characteristics. It has changed the
traditions and customs of families along with the modes of living
The influx (The process of flowing in) from adjoining areas of the cities has
created the problem of health, living and sanitations and due to shortage of
houses the people have to live in slums (lower socio-economic level).
The expansion of transportation system sometimes affects the recreational
activity provided in the area
The environmental pollutions related to air, water, noise, aesthetic
vibrations get increased and create health problems.

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 Classification of transport system

 On the basis of road  On the basis of mode of

owner ship transportation systems
Private Road transport
Public Rail transport

 On the basis of type of Air transport

load transported Water transport

Passenger Other mode of

Freight transportation system

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 Highway planning Is rational way of furnishing information
about the effect of proposed transport planning project on
the community and on its expected users to decision
makers.
 Objective of highway plan
To establish an integrated highway network capable of
accommodating all highway travel in orderly, safe ,efficient
and
economic way.
To forecast the future requirement of highway need
To setup priority and schedules of construction and
renewal 9

program in accordance with available resource

 1.2. Stages of Highway Development
• Planning
• Project Development
• Final Design
• Right-of-way,
• Construction, And Maintenance

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 Planning means “… an activity or process that examines the
potential of future actions to guide a situation or system
toward a desired direction”
 Occurs in present but is oriented towards the future
 Purpose of planning
 Achieve positive goals
 Avoid negative consequences
 Scope of planning
 All man-made projects should start with a plan
 The more significant the project, the more intensive and
long term the planning
 For large transportation projects, planning starts 20
years before construction
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 Planning Process
Situation Definition

Problem Definition

Search for Solutions

Feedbac
Analysis of Performance k
Evaluation of Alternatives

Choice of
Projects
Design & Construct
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 Project Development define as the major features of the
resulting project through the remainder of the design and
construction process.
 The basic steps in this stage includes:
• Refinement of purpose and need
• Development of a range of alternatives
• Evaluation of alternatives
• Development of appropriate mitigation

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 Final Design
Developing a Concept
• Gives the project a focus and helps to move it toward a
specific direction.
• Integrating many elements in a highway elements to
achieve a common goal or concept.
• Helps the designer in making design decisions.
Considering Scales
Detailing the Design
 The product of this stage is a complete set of plans,
specifications, and estimates of required quantities of
materials. 14
 Right-of-way, Construction And Maintenance

 Right-of-way :- Land needed for the project is acquired.

 construction :- Selection of contractor, who then builds the
project.

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The end!

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