LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

THEORY OF SETTLEMENT

CITY BEAUTIFUL AND BRPADACRE CITY

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

City beautiful ( Daniel Burnham)

A transformation movement in North American architecture

and urban planning that grew in 1890 and 1900.

A plan in response to

1. Tenament districts
2. High birth rates
3. Increased immigration
4. Internal migration

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Architectural styles followed during city beautiful movement

1. Beaux arts & Neo classical
Beaux arts is cumulative product of school of thought of
academie royale d’ architecture and Ecoles des Beaux-arts in
Paris

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Burnham believed that a city

needed a grand entrance and
that was the railway depot.

The grand boulevard was

justified as a solution to traffic
problems encountered by
suburban commuters and a way
to provide housing for higher
income people in the city.

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Burnham also wanted all the

bridges over the rivers
rebuilt to be more attractive.

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

1. To introduce beautification and monumental

grandeur in cities.
2. To sweep away social ills
3. To have a cultural resemblance with their European
competitors through the use of Beaux-Arts Idioms.
4. To prevent upper classes back to live, but to work
and spend money in the urban zone.

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

World's Columbian Exposition

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838
 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

World Columbian exposition and city beautiful movement

1. The Exposition was an influential social and cultural event

and had a profound effect on architecture, sanitation, the
arts, Chicago's self-image, and American industrial
optimism.
2. The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in
large part, designed byJohn Wellborn Root, Daniel
Burnham andFrederick Law Olmsted.
3. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues
thought a city should be.

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

World Columbian exposition and city beautiful movement

White City

1. Most of the buildings of the fair were designed in the

neoclassical architectural style.
2. The area at the Court of Honor was known as The White City.
3. Facades were made not of stone, but of a mixture of plaster,
cement, and jute fiber called staff, which was painted white,
giving the buildings their "gleam".
4. It was also called the White City because of the extensive use
of street lights, which made the boulevards and buildings
usable at night.

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Role in the City Beautiful Movement

1. The White City is largely credited for ushering in

the City Beautiful movement and planting the seeds of
modern city planning.
2. The White City inspired cities to focus on the
beautification of the components of the city in which
municipal government had control; streets, municipal
art, public buildings and public spaces.
3. The designs of the City Beautiful Movement are
identifiable by their classical architecture, plan
symmetry, picturesque views, axial plans, as well as
their magnificent scale
COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838
 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

DECLINE
1. The movement weakened in 1909 because planners
and critics find it expensive and impractical and
disliked its obviously discriminatory and artificial
characteristics.
2. Burnham's plan was never implemented, and the
real estate companies built a city that would yield
high profits, adopting the skyscraper design and
technology developed in Chicago by Sullivan and
others.

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

BROADACRE CITY

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Origin
1. Because of technological advancements,
Wright came to believe that the large,
centralized city would soon become
obsolete and people would return to their
rural roots.
2. Wright despised the city, both physically
and metaphorically

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Goals and Objectives

1. Each family is give one acre (4.000 m2) of land on
which to build a house and grow food. The city was
considered to be (almost) fully self-sufficient.
2. “more light, more freedom of movement and a more
general spatial freedom in the ideal establishment of
what we call civilization.”
3. Vision of multi-centered, low density (supposedly 5
people per acre), auto-oriented suburbia.

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Aspects of Broadacre City that became realities

1. Prevalence of urban sprawl
2. single-family homes on larger parcels of land with
smaller roads connecting to larger roads connecting
to freeways.
3. Being able to own land, build a home, and do what
you please with it were important in Broadacre City .
4. Wright believed that modern man had the right to
own a car and to burn as much gasoline in driving it
as he desired.
5. Agrarian Urbanism

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838

 LECTURE -15 & 18 – CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT BRO ADACRE CITY

Failures and Disadvantages

1. Too real to be Utopian and too dreamlike to
be of practical importance.
2. demands motor transportation for even the
most casual or ephemeral meetings
3. Increase in fuel prices, environmental
repercussions

COURSE ARC315 : THEORY OF SETTLEMENT INSTRUCTOR 19838