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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
GATE 2018
Section: General Aptitude
Q1. – Q5. carry one mark each.
Q1. “When she fell down the _________, she received many _______ but little help”.
The words that best fill the blanks in the above sentence are
(a) stairs, stares (b) stairs, stairs
(c) stares, stairs (d) stares, stares
Ans. : (a)
Solution: stairs means steps while stares means to look someone continuously.
Q2. “In spite of being warned repeatedly, he failed to correct his__________ behaviour”
The word that best fills the blank in the above sentence is
(a) rational (b) reasonable (c) errant (d) good
Ans. : (c)
Solution: The most suitable option is errant as errant means irregular.
Q3. For 0 x 2 , sin x and cos x are both decreasing functions in the interval________
3 3
(a) 0, (b) , (c) , (d) , 2
2 2 2 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Graph of sin x and cos x is shown in the figure below
sin x cos x
3 / 2 /2 x
0 /2 2 x 0 3 / 2 2
From the graph we see that sin x and cos x are both decreasing function in the interval
,
2
Q4. The area of an equivalent triangle is 3 . What is the perimeter of the triangle?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
Ans. : (c)
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3 2
Solution: Let the side of equilateral triangle a , then the area a
4
3 2
or a 3 or a 2 4 or a 2
4
Hence, the perimeter of the equilateral triangle 3a 3 2 6
Q5. Arrange the following three-dimensional objects in the descending order of their volumes:
(i) A cuboid with dimensions 10 cm, 8 cm and 6 cm
(ii) A cube of side 8cm
(iii) A cylinder with base radius 7 cm and height 7 cm
(iv) A sphere of radius 7 cm
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (b) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
(c) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) (d) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The value of cuboid 10cm 8cm 6cm 480cm3
The volume of cube 8cm 8cm 8cm 512cm3
22
The volume of cylinder r 2 h 7 7 7cm3 1078cm3
7
4 4 22
The value of sphere r 3 7 7 7 1437.3cm3
3 3 7
Hence the descending orders of volume will be 1437.3cm3 , 1078cm3 ,512cm3 and
480cm3
Q6. – Q10. carry two marks each.
Q6. An automobile travels from city A to city B and returns to city A by the same route. The
speed of the vehicle during the onward and return journeys were constant at 60 km / h and
90 km / h , respectively. What is the average speed in km / h for the entire journey?
(a) 72 (b) 73 (c) 74 (d) 75
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Let the distance between A and B is xkm. Then
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Total distance 2 xkm 360
Average speed 2x km / h 72km / h
Total time x x 10 x
hour
60 90
Q7. A set of 4 parallel lines intersect with another set of 5 parallel lines. How many
parallelograms are formed?
(a) 20 (b) 48 (c) 60 (d) 72
Ans. (c)
Solution: Any two lines in one direction and any two parallel line in the other direction can form
a parallelograms.
So, number of parallelogram formed
5! 4! 4 5 3 4
5C2 4C2 10 6 60
2!3! 2!2! 2 2
Q8. To pass a test, a candidate needs to answer at least 2 out of 3 questions correctly. A total
of 6,30,000 candidates appeared for the test. Question A was correctly answered by
3,30,000 candidates. Question B was answered correctly by 2,50,000 candidates.
Question C was answered correctly by 2,60,000 candidates. Both questions A and B were
answered correctly by 1,00,000 candidates. Both questions B and C were answered
correctly by 90,000 candidates. Both questions were A and C were answered correctly by
80,000 candidates. If the number of students answering all questions correctly is the same
as the number answering none, how many candidates failed to clear the test?
(a) 30,000 (b) 2,70,000 (c) 3,90,000 (d) 4,20,000
Ans. (d)
Solution: Let n 0 denote the number of students answering none of the questions and n 3 be
6,30, 000 n 0 3,30, 000 2,50, 000 2, 60, 000 1, 00, 000 90, 000 80, 000 n 3
Since, n 0 n 3
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Using this fact and the information given, one fill the Venn-diagram.
A
B
1, 80, 000
70, 000
90, 000
30, 000
50, 000
60, 000
1, 20, 000
C
It is obvious that the number of failed students will be, the sum of number the students
who only passed in one subject and the number of student answering none of the question.
Hence, the number of students failed to clear the test
1,80, 000 1, 20, 000 90, 000 30, 000 4, 20, 000
1
Q9. If x 2 x 1 0 , what is the value of x 4 ?
x4
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
Ans. : (c)
1 1
Solution: Given that x 2 x 1 0 x 1 x 1 1 x x 1 ,
x x
1 1
x2 2
3 x4 4 9 2 7
x x
Q10. In a detailed study of annual crow births in
Annual sale of crackers in India
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the graph below refers to annual sale of crackers and the dashed line refers to the annual
crow births in India. Choose the most appropriate inference from the above data.
(a) There is a strong correlation between crow birth and cracker sales
(b) Cracker usage increases crow birth rate
(c) If cracker sale declines, crow birth will decline
(d) Increased birth rate of crows will cause an increase in the sale of crackers
Ans.: (a)
Solution: The growth pattern of crows and the growth in annual sales of fire crackers in nearly
the same. The two graphs are almost parallel to each other. Hence there is strong
correlation between crow birth and crackers sales.
Section: Physics
Q1. – Q25. carry one mark each.
Q1. The eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are all
(a) real (b) imaginary
(c) of modulus one (d) real and positive
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Eigenvalue of Hermitian matrix must be real.
Q2. Which one of the following represents the 3 p radial wave function of hydrogen atom?
( a0 is the Bohr radius)
Rr Rr
(a) (b)
0 r / a0 0
r / a0
Rr
(c) (d) Rr
0 r / a0 0 r / a0
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Ans. : (b)
r 3a0
r
(a) k̂ (b)
2
1 ˆ ˆ
jk (c)
1
2
ˆj kˆ (d)
2
1 ˆ ˆ
jk
Ans. : (d)
z
Solution: ˆ cos 450 ˆj sin 450 kˆ r̂
/4
ˆ
1 ˆ ˆ
2
jk ˆ
y
Q5. The scale factors corresponding to the covariant metric tensor gi j in spherical polar
coordinates are
(a) 1, r 2 , r 2 sin 2 (b) 1, r 2 ,sin 2 (c) 1,1,1 (d) 1, r , r sin
Ans. : (d)
Q6. In the context of small oscillations, which one of the following does NOT apply to the
normal coordinates?
(a) Each normal coordinate has an eigen-frequency associated with it
(b) The normal coordinates are orthogonal to one another
(c) The normal coordinates are all independent
(d) The potential energy of the system is a sum of squares of the normal coordinates with
constant coefficients
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Ans. : (b)
Solution: Normal co-ordinate must be independent. It is not necessary that it should orthogonal.
Q7. For the given unit cells of a two dimensional square lattice, which option lists all the
primitive cells?
1 5
4
3
2
In cell (1), (2), (3) and (4) N eff 1 , these are primitive cell
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Q9. The expression for the second overtone frequency in the vibrational absorption spectra of
a diatomic molecule in terms of the harmonic frequency e and anharmonicity constant
xe is
Ans. : (d)
2
1 1
Solution: V e v e xe v
2 2
Second overtone v 0 v 3
7
2 2
7 1
v v 3 v 0 e e xe e e xe 3e 12e xe 3we 1 4 xe
2 2 2 2
Q10. Match the physical effects and order of magnitude of their energy scales given below,
e2
where is fine structure constant; me and m p are electron and proton mass,
4 0 c
respectively.
Group I Group II
P: Lamb shift
1: ~ O 2 me c 2
Q: Fine structure
2: ~ O 4 me c 2
R: Bohr energy
3: ~ O 4 me2 c 2 / m p
S: Hyperfine structure
4: ~ O 5 me c 2
(a) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4 (b) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4
(c) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3 (d) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
Ans. : (c)
Solution:- Bohr energy E 2 me c 2
Fine structure E 4 me c 2
Lamb straight E 5 me c 2
4 me c 2
Hyperfine structure E
mp
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Q11. The logic expression ABC ABC ABC ABC can be simplified to
(a) A XOR C (b) A AND C (c) 0 (d) 1
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Y ABC ABC ABC ABC AC B B AC B B
Y AC AC A XOR C
Q12. At low temperatures ( T ), the specific heat of common metals is described by (with
and as constants)
Ans. : (a)
Solution: C Ce C pn T T 3
A0 A0
(a) C (b) C
X X
A1 A1
A0 A0
(c) C X (d) C X
A1 A1
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Check option (a),
X A0C A1C
If C 0 X A0
If C 1 X A1
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Q14. The elementary particle is placed in the baryon decuplet, shown below, at
0
Strangeness
Q
P R
S
rd
3 component of isospin
Q16. The high temperature magnetic susceptibility of solids having ions with magnetic
1
moments can be described by with T as absolute temperature and as
T
constant. The three behaviours i.e., paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic
are described, respectively, by
(a) 0, 0, 0 (b) 0, 0, 0
(c) 0, 0, 0 (d) 0, 0, 0
Ans. : (c)
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C
Solution: Paramagnetism:
T
C
Ferromagnetism:
T TC
C
Anti-ferromagnetism:
T TC
Q17. Which one of the following is an allowed electric dipole transition?
(a) 1S0 3 S1 (b) 2P3/ 2 2D5 / 2 (c) 2D5 / 2 2P1/ 2 (d) 3P0 5D0
Ans. : (b)
Solution: For electric dipole transition
L 0, 1 0 0 , J 0. 1 , S 0
Ans. : (d)
Solution:- u e e u
Lu : 1 0 0 1
Le : 0 1 1 0
Q19. A spaceship is travelling with a velocity of 0.7 c away from a space station. The
spaceship ejects a probe with a velocity 0.59 c opposite to its own velocity. A person in
the space station would see the probe moving at a speed Xc , where the value of X is
___________ (up to three decimal places).
Ans.: 0.187 c
Spacestation
Spaceship
Solution: 0 7c , ux 0 59 c , Prob
0 7c
ux u x 0.59 c
ux
u
1 x
c2
0 59c 0 7c 0.11c 0.11c
ux 0.187 c
1 0 7 0 59 1 0.413 0.587
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Q20. For an operational amplifier (ideal) circuit shown below,
4k
2k 10V
V1
V0
V2
5k RL
10V
Ans. : 3.6
4 4
Solution: V0 V01 V02 1V 2 V
2 5
V0 2 1.6 3.6V
Q21. An infinitely long straight wire is carrying a steady current I . The ratio of magnetic
energy density at distance r1 to that at r2 2r1 from the wire is ___________.
Ans. : 4
B2 1 uB1 r22 2r1
Solution: uB 2 4
2 0 r 2 uB 2 r12 r1
Q22. A light beam of intensity I 0 is falling normally on a surface. The surface absorbs 20 %
of the intensity and the rest is reflected. The radiation pressure on the surface is given by
X I 0 / c , where X is __________ (up to one decimal place). Here c is the speed of light.
Ans. : 1.8
I0 I I
Solution: Radiation pressure 0.8 0 1.8 0
c c c
Q23. The number of independent components of a general electromagnetic field tensor
is__________
Ans. : 6
Solution: In Cartesian co-ordinate, three Independent coordinate for electric field, Ex , E y , Ez
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Q24. If X is the dimensionality of a free electron gas, the energy ( E ) dependence of density
1
X Y
of states is given by E 2 , where Y is_________.
Ans. : 1
d
1
Solution: E 2
E4 20 20
Then, E4 90 keV 300 keV
E2 6 6
1 2 2
A V1 V2 V3 1 3 1 A 2 . Here V3 2iˆ ˆj 4kˆ
0 2 4
Since, A 0 , hence, V1 , V2 and V3 form a three dimensional real vector space.
total energy. Which one of the following best describes the particle trajectory in the phase
space?
p p
(a) (b)
x x
p p
(c) (d)
x x
Ans.: (a)
p2 V x
Solution: E x
2m
p2 x
For x 0 , E x
2m
p 2 2m E x
px
p2
For x 0 , E x x
2m
p 2 2m E x
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Q29. Consider an infinitely long solenoid with N turns per unit length, radius R and carrying
a current I t cos t , where is a constant and is the angular frequency. The
1
E 0 NR sin t
2
Q30. A constant and uniform magnetic field B B0 kˆ pervades all space. Which one of the
following is the correct choice for the vector potential in Coulomb gauge?
Q31. If H is the Hamiltonian for a free particle with mass m , the commutator x, x, H is
Ans. : (b)
Solution: For free particle, potential is zero.
Px2
H
2m
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P 2i
2
Now, x, H x, x Px
2 m 2 m
2i i 2
x, x, H x
x , P i
2m m m
Q32. A long straight wire, having radius a and resistance per unit length r , carries a current
I . The magnitude and direction of the Poynting vector on the surface of the wire is
(a) I 2 r / 2 a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing inwards
(b) I 2 r / 2 a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing outwards
(c) I 2 r / a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing inwards
(d) I 2 r / a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing outwards
Ans. : (a)
Solution: S
1
0
E B 1 Vl 2 Ia IRl 2I a
0
R I 2r
V IR, r S
l 2 a
Q33. Three particles are to be distributed in four non-degenerate energy levels. The possible
number of ways of distribution: (i) for distinguishable particles, and (ii) for identical
Boson, respectively, is
(a) (i) 24, (ii) 4 (b) (i) 24, (ii) 20 (c) (i) 64, (ii) 20 (d) (i) 64, (ii) 16
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Number of particles, N 3
Number of state, g 4
Q34. The term symbol for the electronic ground state of oxygen atom is
(a) 1S0 (b) 1D2 (c) 3P0 (d) 3P2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: O : 1s 2 , 2s 2 , 2 p 4 M L 1 0 1
Here, S 1 , L 2
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According to Hund’s rule, for ground state energy
J L S 2 2 S 1
LJ 3 P2
Q35. The energy dispersion for electrons in one dimensional lattice with lattice parameter a is
1
given by E k E0 W cos ka , where W and E0 are constants. The effective mass of
2
the electron near the bottom of the band is
2 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Wa 2 Wa 2 2Wa 2 4Wa 2
Ans. : (a)
1
Solution: E k E0 W cos ka
2
dE aW d 2 E a 2W
sin ka 2 cos ka
dk 2 dk 2
2 2 2 2
m 2 2
*
[At bottom of the band, k 0 ]
d E aW Wa 2
cos ka
dk 2 2
Q36. Amongst electrical resistivity , thermal conductivity , specific heat C , Young’s
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Ans. : (c)
Q38. A p - doped semiconductor slab carries a current I 100 mA in a magnetic field
B 0.2 T as shown. One measures Vy 0.25 mV and Vx 2 mV . The mobility of holes
B x
Vy y t 1mm
I z
w 4mm
l 10mm
Vx
Ans. : 1.55
Q39. An n - channel FET having Gate-Source switch-off voltage VGS OFF 2 V is used to
Q40. Inside a large nucleus, a nucleon with mass 939 MeVc 2 has Fermi momentum 1.40 fm 1
at absolute zero temperature. Its velocity is Xc , where the value of X is__________ (up
to two decimal places).
( c 197 MeV -fm )
Ans. : 0.29
Solution: Here, fermi – momentum or fermi radius, k F 1.40 fm 1 and c 197 Mev – fm
Now, Fermi velocity –
P k F c k F c 197 1 40 c 275 8c
VF 0.29c
m m mc2 939 939
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Q41. 4 MeV - rays emitted by the de-excitation of 19F are attributed, assuming spherical
symmetry, to the transition of protons from 1d3/ 2 state to 1d5/ 2 state. If the contribution
of spin-orbit term to the total energy is written as C l s , the magnitude of C is ______
j 2 l 2 s2
j l s j l s 2l s l s
2 2 2
2
j j 1 l 1 s s 1 2
l s
2
5 7 3 5 20 2 20 C
2
E l s l s 2 2 2 2 2
5/ 2 3/ 2
8 8
20 32
E C 4MeV C MeV , C 1.6 MeV .
8 20
Q42. An particle is emitted by a 230
90 Th nucleus. Assuming the potential to be purely
Coulombic beyond the point of separation, the height of the Coulomb barrier is________
MeV (up to two decimal places).
e2
( 1.44 MeV -fm, r0 1.30 fm )
4 0
Ans. : 25.995
Solution: The height of coulomb barrier for particle from
1 2 ze 2
VC
4 0 R
e2
Here, R0 1.3 fm, 1.44 MeV fm
4 0
And R R0 A1 / 3
Here, we consider pure Coulombic interection
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ATh AX A 226 4 6.09 1.58 7.67
1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3
R R0 ATh
1/ 3
1.37.67
Since, Q, P 1
Q P Q P
1
q p p q
1
1
2 12 .1
2q 2 .e 1 2 cos p 2qe 1 cos p 2qe 1 2 sin p . q e sin p 1
2 2
e 2 . cos 2 p sin 2 p 1 e0
2
Q44. Given
d 2 f x df x
2
2 f x 0 ,
dx dx
and boundary conditions f 0 1 and f 1 0 , the value of f 0.5 is __________ (up
m 2
2m 1 0
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m 1
2
0 m 1,1
f 1 c1 c2 e 0 (ii)
Ans. : 81.64
5 z 3 3z 2
Solution: f z
z 2 z 2
Pole, z 2, 2
z 2 is outside the center
2 1.5 1 So, will not be considered
Now, Re s 2 lim z 2
5z 3z 52
3 2 3
322 40 12
13
z 2 z 2 z 2 4 4
300 with the axis of the disc. If the kinetic energy of the disc is
m 2 R 2 , the value of is__________ (up to two decimal places).
Ans. : 0.21
Solution: The kinetic energy of the disc is,
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
1
T L
2
Where L is angular momentum and is angular velocity
1 1 3 1 mR 2 2 3
T L cos 300 I
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
T m 2 R 2 0.21 m 2 R 2 m 2 R 2 0.21 m 2 R 2
8
Hence, 0.21
Q47. The ground state energy of a particle of mass m in an infinite potential well is E0 . It
22
changes to E0 1 10 3
, when there is a small potential pump of height V 0
50 mL2
and width a L /100 , as shown in the figure. The value of is ________ (up to two
decimal places). V x
x a
V0
L
Ans. : 0.81
L a L a L
Solution: 1 , 2 , a
2 2 2 2 100
2 2
2 2 x
E1 V0 sin dx
1 L L
2
V 2 x V L 2 x 2
0
L 1 cos L dx L0 x 2 sin L
1
1
V0 L 2 L a 2 L a
a sin sin
L 2 2L 2L
V0 L L a a
sin sin
L 100 2 L L
1
0.0314 0.0314
1
V0
100 2
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
20
V0 103 10 10 E0 103 E0 103 0.81 E0 103
25
Hence, 0.81
Q48. An electromagnetic plane wave is propagating with an intensity I 1.0 105 Wm 2 in a
medium with 3 0 and 0 . The amplitude of the electric field inside the medium
Ans. : 6.6
1 2I 2I
Solution: I v E2 E2 2I
2 v 1
0 4 107
E 2 10
2 5
2 10 5
12
4363.4 104
3 0 3 8.8 10
Q50. A two-state quantum system has energy eigenvalues corresponding to the normalized
1
states . At time t 0 , the system is in quantum state . The
2
probability that the system will be in the same state at t h / 6 is _________ (up to
1
it it
And t
e
e
2
At t ,
6
ih 2 ih 2 i i
1 1
t
e 6h
e 6h
e 3
e 3
2 2
Now, probability in same state
t 0
2
2 2
1 2 1 1 1
P e i / 3 ei / 3 2 cos 2 0.25
4 4 3 4 2
Q51. An air-conditioner maintains the room temperature at 270 C while the outside temperature
is 470 C . The heat conducted through the walls of the room from outside to inside due to
temperature difference is 7000 W . The minimum work done by the compressor of the
air-conditioner per unit time is__________ W .
Ans. : 466.67
Solution: Q2 W Q1 T1 47 273 323 k
Q2
Coefficient of performance of refrigerator AC Q1
W
T2
Also, coefficient of performance of refrigerator, W
T1 T2
Q2 7000 J / S
300 7000
Q2 Heat coming in room
47 27 W
T2 27 273 300 k
7000 20 1400
W J /s 466.67 W
300 3
Q52. Two solid spheres A and B have same emissivity. The radius of A is four times the
radius of B and temperature of A is twice the temperature of B . The ratio of the rate of
heat radiated from A to that from B is __________.
Ans. : 256
Rate of heat radiation from solid sphere A 4 RA2TA4
Solution:
Rate of heat radiation from solid sphere B 4 RB2TB4
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
RA 4 RB and TA 2TB
4 RA2TA4 4 RB 2TB
2 4
16 16 256
4 RB2TB4 RB TB
2 4
where k B is the Boltzmann constant. The heat capacity of this ensemble at T is
kB
Ans. : 0.42
N
Solution: The partition function, z 2 cosh
k BT
ln z
The average energy, E k BT 2
T
Nk BT 2 2sinh 2
k B T k BT
N tanh
k BT
2 cosh
k BT
d E
C N sec h 2 . 2
dT k BT k BT
N 2
At T ,C sec h 2 1 Nk sec h 2 1 0.42 Nk B
k k 2 / k 2
Q54. An atom in its singlet state is subjected to a magnetic field. The Zeeman splitting of its
650 nm spectral line is 0.03 nm . The magnitude of the field is ___________ Tesla (up
to two decimal places).
( e 1.60 1019 C , me 9.11 1031 kg , c 3.0 108 ms 1 )
Ans. : 1.52
2 eB
Solution:
c 4 m
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
c 4 m 3 108
4 9.1 1031
B 2
0.03 109 1.52T
19
e 650 10 9
2
1.6 10
Q55. The quantum effects in an ideal gas become important below a certain temperature TQ
when de Broglie wavelength corresponding to the root mean square thermal speed
becomes equal to the inter-atomic separation. For such a gas of atoms of mass
2 1026 kg and number density 6.4 1025 m 3 , TQ ____________ 103 K (up to one
decimal place).
( k B 1.38 1023 J / K , h 6.6 1034 J -s )
Ans. : 84.2
h h
Solution:
2mE 3mkT
At T TQ , a
h h2
a TQ
3mkTQ 3mka 2
1
where 3
6.4 1025 m 3 a 2.5 109 m
a
6.6 10
2
34
J -s
TQ
2
3 2 1026 kg 1.38 1023 J / k 2.5 109 m
H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016
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