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RD Sharma Class 11 Solutions Chapter 10 - Sine and Cosine Formulae and Their Applications (Ex 10.2) Exercise 10.2
RD Sharma Class 11 Solutions Chapter 10 - Sine and Cosine Formulae and Their Applications (Ex 10.2) Exercise 10.2
Exercise .10.1
Page Number:10.12
Question 1.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
a 2 c 2 sin A C
Consider the LHS of the equation .
b2 sin A C
2 2
k sin A k sin C
LHS 2
k sin B
k 2 sin 2 A sin 2 C
k 2 sin 2 B
sin A C sin A C
sin 2 A sin 2 C sin A C sin A C
sin 2 B
sin A C sin A C
A B C
Sin 2 A C
sin A C sin A C
sin 2 A C
sin A C
RHS
sin A C
Hence proved .
Question 2.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
Consider the LHS of the equation b sin B c sin C a sin B C .
LHS= k sin B sin B k sin C sin C
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k sin 2 B sin 2 C
k sin B C sin B C sin 2 B sin 2 C sin B C sin B C
k sin A sin B C A B C
k sin A sin B C a k sin A
a sin B C RHS
Hence proved .
Question3.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
Consider the RHS of the equation a 2 sin B C b 2 c 2 sin A .
RHS k 2 sin A sin 2 B sin 2 C
k 2 sin A sin B C sin B C sin 2 B sin 2 C sin B C sin B C
k 2 sin A sin A sin B C A B C
k 2 sin A sin A sin B C
k 2 sin 2 A sin B C
a 2 sin B C LHS a k sin A
Hence proved .
Question4.
Solution:
sin A sin B a b 2 ab
Consider the LHS of the equation .
sin A sin B a b
sin A sin B
LHS
sin A sinB
sin A sin B sin A sin B
sin A sinB sin A sin B
sin A sin B 2 sin A sin B
sin A sin B
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
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Then,
a b ab
2
LHS k k kk
a b
k k
1
a b 2 ab
k
1
a b
k
a b 2 ab
RHS
ab
Hence proved .
Question 5.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
Consider the LHS of the equation b cos B c cos C a cos B C .
LHS b cos B c cos C
k sin B cos B sin C cos C
k
2sinBcosB 2 sinCcosC
2
k
sin 2 B sin 2C ... 1
2
RHS a cos B C
k sin A cos B C
k
2sin A cos B C
2
k
sin A B C sin A B C 2sin A cos B sin A B sin A B
2
k
sin C C sin B B sin A sin A, A B C
2
k
sin 2C sin 2 B
2
k
sin 2 B sin 2C LHS from 1
2
Hence proved .
Question 6
Solution:
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a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
a b c
Consider the LHS of the equation k.
sin A sin B sin C
cos 2 A cos 2 B
LHS
a2 b2
1 2sin 2 A 1 2sin 2 B
a2 b2
a2 b2
1 2 2 1 2 2
k k
2 2
a b
k 2 2a 2 k 2 2b 2
k2 k2
a2 b2
k 2 b 2 2a 2 b 2 k 2 a 2 2 a 2b 2
a 2b 2
k 2 b2 a 2
k 2 a 2b 2
1 1
2 2 RHS
a b
Hence proved .
Question 7.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
cos 2 B cos 2 C cos 2 C cos 2 A cos 2 A cos 2 B
Consider the LHS of the equation 0.
bc ca ab
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cos 2 B cos 2 C cos 2 C cos 2 A cos 2 A cos 2 B
LHS
bc ca a b
Now,
cos 2 B cos 2 C cos 2 B cos 2 C
bc k sin B sin C
cos B cos C cos B cosC
k sin B sin C
cos 2
B cos 2 C cos B cos C cos B cos C
BC B C B C B C
2 cos 2 cos 2 2sin 2 sin 2
BC B C
2k sin sin
2 2
B C B C
2 cos sin
2 2 sin B sin C sin C sin B
k k k
Also,
cos 2 C cos 2 A cos 2 C cos 2 A
ca k sin C sin A
cos C cos A cos C cos A
k sin C sin A
C A C A C A C A
2 cos 2 cos 2 2sin 2 sin 2
2k sin C sin A k
C A C A
2 cos cos
2 2 sin C sin A sin A sin C
k k k
Similarly,
cos 2 A cos 2 B sin B sin A
ab k
Thus,
sin A sin C sin B sin A sin C sin B
LHS
k k k
0 RHS
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a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
Consider the LHS of the equation a sin B sin C sinC sin A c sin A sin B 0 .
LHS a sin B sin C b sin C sin A c sinA sinB
k sin A sin B sin C k sin B sin C sin A k sin C sinA sinB
k sin A sin B k sin A sin C k sin B sin C k sin B sin A ksinC sin A k sin C sin B
0 RHS
Hence proved .
Question 9.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
a 2 sin B C b 2 sin C A c 2 sin A B
Consider the LHS of the equation 0.
sin A sin B sin C
a 2 sin B C b 2 sin C A c 2 sin A B
LHS
sin A sin B sin C
k sin A sin B C k sin B sin C A k 2 sin 2 C sin A B
2 2 2 2
sin A sin B sin C
2 2 2
k sin A sin B C k sin B sin C A k sin C sin A B
sin A sin B cos C sin C cos B sin B
k2
sin C cos A sin A cos C sin C sin A cos B sin B cos A
sin A sin B cos C sin A sin C cos B sin B sin C cos A
k2
sin A sin B cos C sin A sin C cos B sin C sin B cos A
0 RHS
Hence proved .
Question 10.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
Consider the LHS of the equation
a 2 cos 2 B cos 2 C b 2 cos 2 C cos 2 A c 2 cos 2 A cos 2 B 0 .
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LHS a 2 cos 2 B cos 2 C b 2 cos 2 C cos2 A c 2 cos 2 A cos 2 B
k 2 sin 2 A 1 sin 2 B 1 sin 2 C k 2 sin 2 B 1 sin 2 C 1 sin 2 A k 2 sin 2 C 1 sin 2 A 1 sin 2 B
k 2 sin 2 A sin 2 C sin 2 B k 2 sin 2 B sin 2 A sin 2 C k 2 sin 2 C sin 2 B sin 2 A
k 2 sin 2 A sin 2 C sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 B sin 2 C sin 2 C sin 2 B sin 2 C sin 2 A
k 2 0 0 RHS
Hence proved .
Question 11.
Solution:
a b c
Let k ... 1
sin A sin B sin C
k
2sin C cos A B 2sin C cos C
2
2k sin C
cos A B cos C
2
k sin C cos A B cos A B
k sin C cos A B cos A B
k sin C 2sin AsinB
2k sin A sin B sin C ... 1
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Now,
on putting k sin C C in equation 1 , we get :
2c sin A sin B
and on putting k sin B b in equation 1 , we get :
2b sin A sin C
So, from (1), we have
a cos A b cos B c cos C 2b sin A sin C 2 c sin A sin B .
Hence proved.
Question12.
Solution:
a b c
Assume k
sin A sin B sin C
A B
tan
a b 2 .
Consider the LHS of the equation
ab A B
tan
2
ab k sin A sin B
LHS
ab k sin A sin B
A B A B A B A B
sin A sin B 2sin cos , sin A sin B 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B A B
2sin cos
LHS 2 2
A B A B
2sin cos
2 2
A B
tan
2 RHS
A B
tan
2
Hence proved .
Question13.
Solution:
a b c
Let k …(1)
sin A sin B sin C
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C A B
Consider the LHS of the equation a b cos c sin .
2 2
C
LHS a b cos
2
C
k sin A sin B cos
2
using 1
A B A B C
k 2sin cos cos
2 2 2
A B A B A B
2k sin cos cos A B C
2 2 2
A B A B A B
2k sin cos sin
2 2 2
A B A B A B
k sin sin A B 2 cos sin sin A B
2 2 2
A B
k sin sin C A B C
2
A B
k sin C sin
2
A B
C sin RHS
2
Hence proved.
Question14.
Solution:
a b c
Let k …(1)
sin A sin B sin C
We need to prove:
A B
tan tan
c 2 2
a b A B
tan tan
2 2
Consider
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c
LHS
a b
k sin C
k sin A sin B
using 1
C C
2sin cos
2 2
A B A B
2sin cos
2 2
A B C
sin cos
2 2
A B C
A B A B
sin cos
2 2
C A B
cos cos
2 2
A B A B
sin cos
2 2
C
cos
2 ... 2
A B
sin
2
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A B
tan tan
RHS 2 2
A B
tan tan
2 2
A B
sin sin
2 2
A B
cos cos
2 2
A B
sin sin
2 2
A B
cos cos
2 2
A B B A
sin cos sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B B A
sin cos sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B
sin
2
A B
sin
2
C
sin
2
A B
sin
2
C
cos
2
A B
sin
2
LHS from 2
Hence proved .
Question15.
Solution:
a b c
Let k …(1)
sin A sin B sin C
We need to prove:
A B
1 tan tan
c 2 2
ab A B
1 tan tan
2 2
Consider
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c
LHS
ab
ksinC
k sinA sinB
using 1
C C
2sin cos
2 2
A B A B
2sin cos
2 2
C A B
sin cos
2 2
A B C
A B A B
sin cos
2 2
C A B
sin sin
2 2
A B A B
sin cos
2 2
C
sin
2 ... 2
B
A
cos
2
A B
1 tantan
RHS 2 2
A B
1 tan tan
2 2
A B
sinsin
1 2 2
A B
cos cos
2 2
A B
sin sin
1 2 2
A B
cos cos
2 2
A B A B
cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2
A B A B
cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2
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A B
cos
2
A B
cos
2
C
cos
2
A B C
A B
cos
2
C
sin
2 LHS from 2
A B
cos
2
Hence proved .
Question16.
Solution:
a b c
Let k …(1)
sin A sin B sin C
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Then,
A B
cos
ab 2 .
Consider the LHS of the equation
c C
sin
2
ab
LHS
c
k sin A k sin B
k sin C
using 1
A B A B
2sin cos
2 2
C C
2sin cos
2 2
A B A B
sin cos
2 2
A B C
C A B
sin cos
2 2
A B A B
sin cos
2 2
C A B
sin sin
2 2
A B
cos
2 RHS
C
sin
2
Hence proved .
Question17.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
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Then,
B C bc A
Consider the RHS of the equation sin cos
2 a 2
bc A
RHS cos
a 2
k sin B sin C B C
cos A B C
k sin A 2
B C BC
2sin cos
2 2
sin A
B C BC
sin 2 cos
2 2 sin B C
sin A 2
B C
sin sin B C
2
sin A
B C
sin sin A
2
sin A
B C
sin A sin
2
sin A
B C
sin LHS
2
Hence proved .
Question18.
Solution:
a b c
Let k
sin A sin B sin C
Then,
a b c
k
sin 45 sin 60 sin 75
a b c
sin 75 sin 30 45 sin 30 cos 45 sin 45 cos 30
1 3 1
2 2 2 2
1 3
On multiplying by 2 2 , we get:
a :b : c 2 : 6 : 1 3
Hence, the ratio of the sides is 2 : 6 : 1 3 .
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Question19.
Solution:
We know, A B C
A B C
A 180 45 105 30
Now,
a b
According to sine rule, .
sinA sinB
2 b
sin 30 sin 45
a 2, B 45
2 b
1 1
2 2
1
4 b
2
b2 2
Question20.
Solution:
Given,∠C = 90°, a = 18, b = 24 and c = 30
a b c
According to sine rule .
sin A sin B sin C
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c a
sin C sin A
a sin C
sin A
c
18 sin 90
30
18
30
3
5
b c
Also,
sin B sin C
b sin C
sin B
c
24sin 90
30
24
30
4
5
and
sin C sin 90 1
Question21.
Solution:
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A B C
sin 2 , sin 2 and sin 2 is a H .P.
2 2 2
1 1 1
, and is an A.P.
2 A 2 B 2 C
sin sin sin
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
B A C B
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2
A B B C
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2
A B B C
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2
A B A B BC BC
sin sin sin sin
2 2 2 2
A C
sin 2 sin 2
2 2
C A B A B C
cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2
As, A B C
2 A 2 C
sin sin
2 2
C C A B 2 A A B C
sin 2 cos sin sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
C C C A B A A A B C
2sin sin cos sin 2sin sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B C
sin sin C sin sin sin A sin sin 2 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
A B A B BC B C
sin C cos sin sin A cos sin As, A B C
2 2 2 2
sin C
sin A sin B sin A sin B sin C C D C D
sin C sin D 2 cos
sin
2 2 2 2
sin C sin A sin B sin A sin B sin C
sin A sin B sin C
ck ak bk ak bk ck k say
a b c
ca cb ab ac
2ac ab bc
2 1 1
multiplying both the sides by abc
b c a
a, b, c are in H .P.
Question22.
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Solution:
a b c
Suppose k …(1)
sin A sin B sin C
Consider the RHS of the equation b cosθ = c cos (A − θ) + a cos (C + θ).
RHS c cos A a cos C
k sin C cos A k sin A cos C from 1
k
2sin C cos A 2sin A cos C
2
k
sin A C sin C A sin A C sin A C
2
k
sin B sin C A sin B sin C A A B C
2
k
sin B sin B
2
k
sin B cos sin cos B sin B cos sin cos B
2
k
2sin B cos
2
k sin B cos
b cos LHS
Hence proved .
Question23.
Solution:
In ∆ ABC,
Given, sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 C ...... 1
a b c
Suppose k.
sin A sin B sin C
a b c
⇒ sin A , sin B , sin C
k k k
On putting these values in equation (1), we get:
a 2 b2 c2
a 2 b2 c2
k2 k2 k2
Thus, ∆ ABC is right-angled.
Question24.
Solution:
a b c
Suppose k
sin A sin B sin C
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Consider:
a cos B cos C cos A
k sin A cos B cos C cos A
k sin A cos B cos C cos A sin A
1
k cos C sin A B sin A B sin A cos A
2
1
k sin A B cos C sin A B cos C sin A cos A
2
1 1
k sin A B C sin A B C sin A B C sin A B C sin A cos A
2 2
1 sin 2 A
k sin sin 2C sin 2 B sin 2 A A B C
4 2
k
sin 2C sin 2 B sin 2 A .... 1
4
and
b cos A cos C cos B
k sin B cos A cos C sinBcosB
1 sin 2 B
k cos Asin B C sin B C
2 2
1 sin 2 B
k sin B C cos A sin B C cos A
2 2
1 sin 2 B
k sin B C A sin B C A sin B C A sin B C A
4 2
k sin 2 B
sin sin 2 A sin 2C sin 2 B A B C
4 2
k
sin 2 A sin 2C sin 2 B ... 2
4
Similarly,
k
c cos A cos B cos C sin 2 A sin 2B sin 2C ... 3
4
From (1), (2) and (3), we get:
a cos B cos C cos A b cos C cos A cos B c cos A cos B cos C
Hence proved.
Question25.
Solution:
Let ABC be any triangle.
a b c
Suppose k
sin A sin B sin C
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Now,
b c
b sec B c sec C cos B cos C
tan B tan C sin B sin C
cos B cos C
b cos C c cos B
sin B cos C sin C cos B
k sin B cos C k sin C cos B
sin B cos C sin C cos B
k sin B cos C sin C cos B
k ... 1
sin B cos C sin C cos B
Also,
c a
c sec C a sec A cos C cos A
tan C tan A sin C sin A
cos C cos A
c cos A a cos C
sin C cos A sin A cos C
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Consider
A B C B C A C A B
a sin sin b sin sin c sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C B C A C A B
k sin A sin sin sin B sin sin sin C sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
sin B C sin 2 sin 2 sin C A
k A B C
B C A C A B
sin sin sin A B sin sin
2 2 2 2
A BC B C A C A B
k sin B C sin sin sin A C sin sin sin A B sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
BC BC A BC
2sin 2 cos 2 sin 2 sin 2
k
AC C A B C A A B A B C A B
2sin cos sin sin 2sin cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
BC A A B C
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2k
AC B B C A A B C C A B
sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
B C BC 2 A AC C A 2 B A B A B 2 C
2k sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C B C A C A B
2k sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 2k sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 2k sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B A C B C A B A C C B
2k sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
k 0
0
Hence proved.
Question27.
Solution:
a b c
Suppose k.
sin A sin B sin C
A
We need to prove that a cos C cos B 2 b c cos 2 .
2
Consider
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LHS
a cos C cos B
k sin A cos C sin A cos B
k
2sin A cos C 2sin A cos B
2
k
sin A C sin A C sin A B sin A B
2
k
sin B sin A C sin C sin A B A B C
2
k
sin B sin C sin A C sin A B
2
k B C BC AC A B A C A B
2sin cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2 2
BC A 2 A A
k sin cos cos
2 2 2
BC A 3 A
k sin cos cos
2 2 2
B C A 3A
k sin sin sin
2 2 2
A 3A 3A A
2k sin
B C
s in 2 2 cos 2 2
2 2 2
B C A
2k sin sin A cos
2 2
B C A 2 A
4k sin sin cos ... 1
2 2 2
A
RHS 2 b c cos 2
2
A
2k sin B sin C cos 2
2
B C BC 2 A
4k sin cos cos
2 2 2
BC A 2 A
4k sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
BC A 2 A
4k sin sin cos LHS from equation1
2 2 2
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A
Hence, a cos C cos B 2 b c cos 2 .
2
Q28.
Solution:
sin A sin B sin C
Let k
a b c
Then,
sin A ka , sin B kb, sin C kc
a2, b2 and c2 are in A.P.
2b 2 a 2 c 2
2 a 2 c 2 b 2 2 2b 2 b 2 2b 2 b 2 b 2 c 2 a 2 c 2 a 2
2 a2 c2 b2 b2 c 2 a 2 a 2 b2 c2
2 a 2 c2 b2 b 2
c2 a 2 a 2
b2 c 2
2abc 2abc 2abc
2 cos B cos A cos C
kb ka kc
2 cos B cos A cos C
sin B sin A sin C
2 cot B cot A cot C
cot A, cot B and cot C are in AP.
Q29.
Solution:
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Consider
a cos C cos B
a b c
k sin A cos C sin A cos B sin A sin B sin C k
k
2sin A cos C 2sin A cos B
2
k
sin A C sin A C sin A B sin A B
2
k
sin B sin A C sin C sin A B A B C
2
k
sin B sin C sin A C sin A B
2
k B C BC AC A B A C A B
2sin cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2 2
BC A 2 A A
k sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
B C A 3A
k sin sin sin
2 2 2
A 3A 3 A A
BC
k sin 2sin
2 2 cos 2 2
2 2 2
B C A
2k sin sin A cos
2 2
B C A 2 A
4k sin sin cos ... 1
2 2 2
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Now,
Consider
A
2 b c cos 2
2
A
2k sin B sin C cos 2
2
BC B C 2 A
2k 2sin cos cos
2 2 2
BC A 2 A
4k sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
BC A 2 A
4k sin sin cos ... 2
2 2 2
From 1 & 2 , we get
A
a cos C cos B 2 b c cos 2
2
Hence proved .
Q30.
Solution:
Suppose BD be the tree and the upper part of the tree is broken over by the wind at point A.
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The total height of the tree is x y.
In ABC ,
C 30 and B 90.
A 60.
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Suppose, AB is a mountain of height t + x.
In DFC ,
x
sin 30
1000
1
x 1000 500 m
2
and
x
tan 30
y
x
y 500 3
tan 30
In ABC ,
tx
tan 45
yz
t x y z ... 1
In ADE ,
t
tan 60
z
t 3z ... 2
From 1 and 2 , we have
3z x y z
z
3 1 500
3 1
z 500 m
t 3z 500 3
Hence, height of the mountain = t x 500 3 500 500
3 1 m .
Q32.
Solution:
Suppose, AB is a peak whose height above the ground is t+x.
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In DFC ,
x
sin
c
x c sin
and
x
tan
y
x c sin
y cos c cos ... 1
tan sin
In ADE ,
t
tan
z
z t cot ... 2
In ABC ,
tx
tan
yz
t x c cos tan tcot tan from 1 and 2
t tcot tan c cos tan c sin x c sin
sin cos cos sin cos sin
t 1 c
cos sin cos
sin cos sin cos sin
t c
cos sin cos
sin sin
t c
cos sin cos
sin sin
t c ... 3
sin
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Now,
sin sin
AB t x c
sin
c sin using 3
sin sin
c sin
sin
sin sin sin sin
c
sin
sin sin cos sin sin cos sin sin cos sin cos sin
c
sin
sin sin cos sin cos sin
c
sin
sin sin
c
sin
c sin sin
sin
Hence proved .
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Exercise .10.2
Question 1.
Solution :
Let ABC be any triangle.
Consider
b c cos A a cos C bc cos A ab cos C
b2 c2 a2 a2 b2 c 2
bc ab
2bc 2ab
b2 c 2 a 2 a 2 b 2 c 2
2
2c a
2 2
2
c a2
2
Hence proved.
Question 2.
Solution :
c b cos A
Consider
b c cos A
Onusing the projection formula, c a cos B b cos A, b c cos A a cos C , we get :
c b cos A a cos B b cos A b cos A
b c cos A c cos A a cos C c cos A
a cos B
a cos C
cos B
cos C
Hence proved.
Question 3.
Solution :
Consider
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c a cos B b cos A ca cos B cb cos A
a2 c2 b2 b2 c2 a2
ca cb
2ac 2bc
2 2 2 2 2 2
a c b b c a
2
2a b
2 2
2
a b2
2
Hence proved.
Question 4.
Solution :
LHS = 2 bc cos A ca cos B ab cos C
On using the cosine law, we get:
b2 c2 a2 a2 c2 b2 a 2 b2 c 2
LHS 2 bc ca ab
2bc 2ac 2ab
b2 c2 a 2 a 2 c2 b2 a2 b2 c 2
a 2 b 2 c 2 RHS
Hence proved.
Question5.
Solution :
b 2 c 2 a 2 sin A sin B sin C
We knowthat cos A , k
2bc a b c
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So,
sin A
c 2
a 2 b 2 tan A c 2 a 2 b 2
cos A
2bc
c 2 a 2 b 2 sin A
b c2 a2
2
2bc sin A
2kabc ... 1
sin B
a 2
b 2 c 2 tan B a 2 b 2 c 2
cos B
2ac
a 2 b 2 c 2 sin B
a c2 b2
2
2ac sin B
2kabc ... 2
sin C
b 2
a 2 c 2 tan C b 2 a 2 c 2
cos C
2ab
b 2 c 2 a 2 sin C
a b2 c 2
2
2ab sin C
2kabc .... 3
From (1), (2) and (3), we get:
c 2 a 2 b2 tan A a 2 b2 c 2 tan B b2 c 2 a 2 tan C
Question 6.
Solution :
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LHS
A B C
4 bc cos 2 ca cos 2 ab cos 2
2 2 2
1 cos A 1 cos B 1 cos C
4 bc ca ab
2 2 2
2bc 2bc cos A 2ca 2ca cos B 2ab 2ab cos C
b2 c 2 a 2 c2 a 2 b2 a2 b2 c2
2 ab bc ca 2bc 2ca 2 ab
2bc 2ca 2ab
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 ab bc ac b c a c a b a b c
a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc 2ac
2
a b c RHS
Hence proved.
Question7.
Solution :
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a b c
Let k ... 1
sin A sin B sin C
LHS sin 3 A cos B C sin 3 B cos C A sin 3 C cos A B
sin 2 A sin A cos B C sin 2 B sin B cos C A sin 2 A sin A cos A B
a2 b2 c2
k2
sin A cos B C
k2
sin B cos C A
k2
sin A cos A B from 1
1
2 a 2 2sin A cos B C b 2 2sin B cos C A c 2 2sin A cos A B
2k
2
1 a 2sin B C cos B C b 2
2
2k 2sin A C cos C A c 2 2sin B C cos A B
1
2 a 2 2sin B C cos B C b 2 2sin C A cos C A c 2 2sin A B cos A B
2k
1
2 a 2 sin 2 B sin 2C b 2 sin 2C sin 2 A c 2 sin 2 A sin 2 B
2k
1
2 2a 2 sin B cos B sin C cos C 2b 2 sin C cos C sin A cos A 2c 2 sin A cos A sin B cos B
2k
2 2 2
1 2a k sin B cos B k sin C cos C 2b k sin C cos C k sin A cos A 2c
3
2k k sin A cos A k sin B cos B
1
3 a 2 b cos B c cos C 2b2 c cos C a cos A 2c 2 a cos A a cos B
k
1
3 ab a cos B b cos A bc b cos C c cos B ac a cos C c cos A
k
1
3 abc bca acb
k
1
3abc 3
k
1
3sin A sin B sin C 3 k 3
k
3sin A sin B sin C
RHS
Hence proved .
Question8.
Solution :
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2 A
RHS b c 4bc cos 2
2
1 cos A
b 2 c 2 2bc 4bc
2
2 2
b c 2bc 2bc 1 cos A
b2 c 2 2bc 1 1 cos A
b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
b2 c2 a2 b2 c 2 a 2
b2 c 2 2bc cos A
2bc 2bc
2 2 2 2 2
b c b c a
a 2 LHS
Hence proved.
Question9.
Solution :
Let ABC be any triangle.
c b cos A
LHS
b c cos A
a cos B b cos A b cos A Using projection formula :
c a cos B b cos A, b a cos C c cos A
a cos C c cos A c cos A
a cos B
a cos C
cos B
RHS
cos C
Hence proved.
Question10.
Solution :
Consider:
2bc sin A sin B sin C
c 2
b 2 a 2 tan A c 2 b 2 a 2 sin A 2bc sin A 2kabc k
c b a
22 2
a b c
Similarly,
2ac
a 2
c 2 b 2 tan B a 2 c 2 b 2 sin B 2ac sin B 2kabc …(2)
a c2 b2
2
and
2ab
a 2
b 2 c 2 tan C a 2 b 2 c 2 sin C 2ab sin C 2kabc …(3)
a b2 c2
2
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From (1), (2) and (3), we get:
c 2 b2 a 2 tan A a 2 c 2 b2 tan B a 2 b2 c 2 tan C
Hence proved.
Question 11
Solution :
Let ABC be any triangle.
i Consider the LHS of the given equation.
LHS a cos B cos C 1 b cos C cos A 1 c cos A cos B 1
a cos B b cos C a cos C b cos A c cos A c cos B a b c
a cos B b cos A b cos C c cos B a cos C c cos A a b c
c a b a b c
Using projection formula : a b cos C c cos B, b a cos C c cos A, c a cos B b cos A
0 RHS
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Question 13.
Solution :
bc ca ab
Let k
12 13 15
b c 12k , c a 13k , a b 15k
b c c a a b 12k 13k 15k
2 a b c 40k
a c b 20k
a 12k 20k b c 12k
a 8k
Also,
c a 13k
c 13k a 13k 8k 5k
and
a b 15k
b 15k a 15k 8k 7k
Now,
2
b 2 c 2 a 2 k 49 25 64 1
cos A
2bc k 2 2 35 7
2
a 2 c 2 b 2 k 64 25 49 1
cos B
2ac 2 40 k 2 2
2
a 2 b 2 c 2 k 64 49 25 11
cos C
2ab 2 56 k 2 14
1 1 11
cos A : cos B : cos C
: : 2 : 7 :11
7 2 14
cos A cos B cos C
2 7 11
Hence proved.
Question14.
Solution :
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Given, B 60
a2 c2 b2
We know that , cos B
2ac
a 2 c 2 b2
cos 60
2ac
1 a c b2
2 2
1
cos 60
2 2ac 2
ac a 2 c 2 b 2
3ac 2ac a 2 c 2 b 2
3ac a 2 c 2 b 2 2ac
3ac a 2 c 2 2ac b2
2
3ac a c b 2
3ac a c b a c b
3ac a b c a b c
Hence proved.
Question 15.
Solution :
Let ABC be any triangle.
In ∆ABC,
cos 2 A cos 2 B cos 2 C 1
cos 2 A cos 2 B cos 2 B A 1 A B C
cos 2 A cos 2 B cos 2 B A 1
cos 2 A cos 2 B 1 cos 2 B A
cos 2 A cos 2 B sin 2 B A
2
cos 2 A cos 2 B sin A cos B cos A sin B
cos 2 A cos 2 B sin 2 A cos 2 B cos 2 A sin 2 B 2sin A sin B cos A cos B
cos 2 A 1 sin 2 B cos 2 B 1 sin 2 A 2sin A sin B cos A cos B
2 cos 2 A cos 2 B 2sin A sin B cos A cos B
cos A cos B sin A sin B
cos A cos B sin A sin B 0
cos A B 0
cos A B cos 90
A B 90
C 90 A B C 180
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Question 16.
Solution :
Given: a 4, b 6 and c 8. .
Then,
a 2 c 2 b 2 16 64 36 11
cos B
2ac 2 48 16
2 2 2
b c a 36 64 16 7
cos A
2bc 2 68 8
2 2 2
b a c 16 36 64 1
cos C
2ab 2 4 6 4
Now,
7 11 1
8cos A 16cos B 4 cos C 8 16 4
8 16 4
8cos A 16 cos B 4 cos C 7 11 1 17
Hence proved.
Question 17.
Solution :
Given : a 5, b 6, c 60
1
Area of a triangle ab sin C
2
1 3
5 6 sin 60 15 sq. units
2 2
Hence proved .
Question 18.
Solution :
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Given: a 2, b 3, c 5
a2 b2 c2
cos C
2ab
235
cos C 0
2 6
cos C 0
cos C cos 90
C 90
Thus, sin C sin 90 1
1 1 6
Hence, Area of ABC ab sin C 6 1 sq.units .
2 2 2
Hence proved.
Question 19.
Solution :
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After three hours, let the ships be at P and Q respectively.
Then,
OP 24 3 72 km and OQ 32 3 96 km
From figure, we have
POQ 180 NOP SOQ
180 38 52
90
Now,
Since OPQ is a right angled triangle
PQ 2 OP 2 OQ 2
PQ 2 722 962
PQ 2 5184 9216
PQ 2 14400
PQ 14400 120 km
Hence, the distance between the ships after 3 hours is120 km.
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Exercise .10.VSA
Question 1:
Question 2:
Solution:
b2 c2 a 2
cos A
2bc
2
cos 30
3 2
1 a 2
2 3 1
3 4 a2
2 2 3
3 4 a2
a2 4 3 1
a 1
Question 3:
sin B
Solution: cos A
2sin C
2 2 2
b c a b
2bc 2c
b c a b2
2 2 2
c2 a2
ca
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Question 4:
Solution:
b2 c2 a2
cos A
2bc
2
3 202 212 a 2
1
5 2 20 21
cos 2
A sin 2 A 1
16 400 441 a 2
25 840
2
4 841 a
5 840
672 841 a 2
Question 5:
Solution:
c a b b
sin A sin B 2 Sum of roots a
c
ab
sin A sin B
c
k sin A k sin B
sin A sin B Sine rule
k sin C
sin A sin B
sin A sin B
sin C
sin C 1 sin 90
C 90
Question 6:
b2 c2 a2
cos A
2bc
102 122 82
cos A
2 10 12
100 144 64
cos A
240
180 3
cos A ..... 1
240 4
Now use sine rule,
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a c
sin A sin C
8 12
sin A sin A
3
sin A sin A
2
3
sin A 2 sin A
4
sin A 2sin A cos A Using 1
sin A sin 2 A
2
Question 7:
cos B
3 1 22 6
2 3 1 2
3 1 2 3 4 6
cos B
4 3 1
cos B
22 3 3 1
2
4 3 1 4 3 1
1
cos B cos120
2
B 120
Hence, the measure of its greatest angle is 120
Question 8:
Solution: Consider
cos A cos B cos C
a b c
cos A cos B cos C
Using sine rule
k sin A k sin B k sin C
cot A cot B cot C
A BC
Implies triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle.
A=B=C=600
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Question 9:
Solution: Consider,
a sin B C b sin C A c sin A B
k sin A sin B C k sin B sin C A k sin C sin A B
k sin B C sin B C k sin C A sin C A k sin A B sin A B
k sin B C sin B C sin C A sin C A sin A B sin A B
k sin 2 B sin 2 C sin 2 C sin 2 A sin 2 A sin 2 B
k 0
0
Question 10:
Solution: Apply the sine rule:
a b c
k
sin A sin B sin C
a k sin A, b k sin B, c k sin C
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