Grade 1-School and Family

visit M d m s & s m M a m
w w w .e d u p la c e .c o m / k id s
HOUGHTON M IFFLIN BOSTON

*A u t h o r s *
Senior Author Dr. Cheryl Jennings

Dr. Herman J. Viola Project Director
Curator Emeritus Florida Institute o f
Smithsonian Institution Education
University o f North
Florida
Dr. Sarah Witham Dr. Mark C. Schug

Bednarz Professor and Director
Associate Professor, Center for Economic
Geography Education
Texas A&M University University o f Wisconsin,
Milwaukee
Dr. Carlos E. Cortes Dr. Charles S. White

Professor Emeritus, History Associate Professor
University o f California, School o f Education
Riverside Boston University
Consulting Authors
Dr. Dolores Beltran Dr. MaryEllen Vogt
Assistant Professor Co-Director
Curriculum Instruction California State University Center
California State University, Los Angeles for the Advancement o f Reading
(Support for English Language Learners) (Reading in the Content Area)
The United States has honored the Louisiana Purchase and

th e Lewis and Clark expedition in a n ew nickel series. The first
nickel of th e series features a rendition of the Jefferson Peace
M edal. Thom as Jefferson com m issioned this medal for Lewis and
Clark's historic trip, w hich began in 1804.
Louisiana Purchase/Peace M edal nickel circulating coin
im ages courtesy United States M int. Used w ith Permission.
HOUGHTON M IFFLIN BOSTON
'
Consultants
Philip J. Deloria Stephen J. Fugita Lynette K. Oshima
Associate Professor Distinguished Professor Assistant Professor
Department o f History Psychology and Ethnic Department o f Language,
and Program in Studies Literacy and Sociocultural
American Studies Santa Clara University Studies and Social Studies
University o f Michigan Program Coordinator
Charles C. Haynes
University o f New Mexico
Lucien Ellington Senior Scholar
UC Professor o f Education First Amendment Center Jeffrey Strickland
and Asia Program Assistant Professor, History
Ted Hemmingway
Co-Director University o f Texas Pan
Professor o f History
University o f Tennessee, American
Chattanooga The Florida Agricultural &
Mechanical University Clifford E. Trafzer
Thelma Wills Foote Professor o f History and
Douglas Monroy
Associate Professor American Indian Studies
Professor o f History
University o f California, University o f California,
Irvine The Colorado College
Riverside
Teacher Reviewers
Crystal Albrecht Barbara Lang Mary Ann Preen
John Sinnott Elementary Whitman Elementary Seventh Avenue Elementary
Fremont, CA Tacoma, WA Hadden Heights, NJ
Charlene Cook Kay Lewis Kerri Seid

Belair Elementary Dalton Elementary Sequoia Elementary
Jefferson City, MO Aurora, CO Sacramento, CA
Judy Jolly Anne Luckey Elizabeth Simon

Highland School Oconee County Primary Griffin Elementary
Stillman Valley, IL School Cooper City, FL
Watkinsville, GA
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Contents
Introduction
► About Your Textbook . . . . . .
► Reading Social Studies . . . . .
Social Studies: Why It Matters
‘I tin
People Everywhere 22
Vocabulary Preview
Reading Strategies: Predict and Infer, Sum m arize 24
Core Fam ily 26

Lesson 1
Extend Literature — Jingle Dancer 30
^ Graph and Chart Skill Read a Calendar 34
Core In Your Classroom 36

Lesson 2 Extend Citizenship — Helping Hands 40
Map and Globe Skill Compare Pictures and M aps 42
Core Leaders and Rules 44

Lesson 3 Extend Literature — The Saturday Escape 48
Map and Globe Skill Read a Map Key 52
Core A C om m unity 54
Lesson 4 Extend Biography — Fire Chief Rosemary Cloud 58
Core M oving to N ew Hom es 60

Lesson 5 Extend History — Moving Then and Now 64
Unit 1 Review Current Events P r o j e c t .................... 66

UNIT 2 Where We Live
i « _ __ 1____ 1 ______ n _______ - _____
Vocabulary Preview
Reading Strategies: Predict and Infer, S u m m a riz e ............ 72
Core O ur Earth 74
Lesson 1 Extend Geography — The Pacific Ocean 78
M ap and Globe Skill Compare Globes and Maps 80
Core O ur Land, O ur W ater 82

Lesson 2 Extend Biography — John Muir 86
Core N atural Resources 88

Lesson 3 Extend Economics — What Com es from Trees? 92
Graph and Chart Skill Read a Chart 94
Core W eath e r and Seaso ns 96

Lesson 4 Extend History — What Will the Weather Be? 100
Core City, Tow n, Suburb 102

Lesson 5 Extend History — Small Town, Big City 106
M ap and Globe Skill Find Near and Far 108
Core O ur C ou ntry 110

Lesson 6 Extend Citizenship — Make a Passport 114
Core O u r Country's N eighbors 116

Lesson 7 Extend Primary Sources — Flags and Holidays 120
Unit 2 Review Current Events Project 122

World of Work 126
Vocabulary Preview
Reading Strategies: M o n ito r and Clarify, Sum m arize 128
Core Needs and W ants 130

Lesson 1 Extend Readers' Theater — A Scarcity of Scissors 134
Citizenship Skill Make a Decision 136
Core G oods and Services 138

Lesson 2 Extend Biography — Thanh Lam 142
Core Buy, Trade, and Save 144

Lesson 3 Extend Economics — A Doggy Bank 148
Graph and Chart Skill Read a Graph 150
Core All Kinds of Jobs 152

Lesson 4 Extend Biography — Fernando Bujones and
Sarah Chang ......................................... 156
Core G etting Food to M arket 158

Lesson 5 Extend Literature — stone Soup 162
Map and Globe Skill Use a Com pass Rose 166
Unit 3 Review ® Current Events Project ............. 168
8
UNIT 4 Everything Changes^
Vocabulary Preview
Reading Strategies: M o n ito r and Clarify, Sum m arize 174
Core Learning A b o u t th e Past 176

Lesson 1 Extend Readers' Theater — Family History Day 180
Graph and Chart Skill Use a Timeline 182
Core The First A m erican s 184

Lesson 2 Extend Literature — “Moon of Falling Leaves” 188
Core Fam ily Life Past and Present 190

Lesson 3 Extend Literature — Tattered Sails 196
Citizenship Skill Solve a Conflict 200
Core G oing to School Long A go 202

Lesson 4 Extend Primary Sources — Hornbooks 206
Core M oving People and Things 208

Lesson 5 Extend Literature — Rush Hour 212
Citizenship Skill Compare Points of View 214
Core Sharing N ew s and Ideas 216

Lesson 6 Extend Geography — The Pony Express 220
Unit 4 Review (2^ Current Events Project 222

Good Citizens
Vocabulary Preview
Reading Strategies: Question, Predict and Infer 228
Core People Need Law s 230

Lesson 1 Extend Citizenship — Laws Every Day 232
Reading and Thinking Skill Express Ideas in Writing 234
Core G o vern m en t and Leaders 236

Lesson 2 Extend Biography — George Washington 242
Core Citizens 244

Lesson 3 Extend Literature — Vote! 248
Core Heroes in O ur C ou ntry 250

Lesson 4 Extend Citizenship — Hero Dogs 254
Reading and Thinking Skill Compare Fact and Fiction 256
Core Sym bols of O ur Country 258

Lesson 5 Extend Citizenship — Make a Post Card 264
Unit 5 Review © Current Events P r o je c t ........................... 266
Holiday Lessons
Columbus Day 271
Veterans Day 272
Thanksgiving Day ........................... 273
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day 274
Presidents’ Day 275
Memorial Day 276
Flag Day 277
Independence Day 278
10
References
Citizenship Handbook
Our F la g ................................... R2
Our Nation’s Songs ....... R4-R5
Character Traits...................... R6-R7
Geography Glossary R8-R9
Atlas ........................ R10-R15
Picture G lo ssa ry ............ R16-R31
Index.................................... R32-R39
Credits...................................... R40
Extend Lessons
Connect the core lesson to an important Primary Sources
concept and dig into it. Extend your social
Flags and Holidays 120
studies knowledge!
Hornbooks 206
More primary sources at
Literature www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss/
Jingle Dancer 30
4 h4 History
The Saturday Escape 48
Stone Soup 162
Moving Then and Now 64
"Moon of Falling Leaves" 188
What Will the Weather Be? 100
Tattered Sails 196
Small Town, Big City 106
Rush Hour 212
Vote! 248
Skill Lessons
Readers’ Theater Take a step-by-step approach to learning
■>«
and practicing key social studies skills.
A Scarcity of Scissors 134
Family History Day 180 % ) Map and Globe Skills
Citizenship Compare Pictures and Maps 42
Read a Map Key 52
Helping Hands 40 Compare Globes and Maps 80
Make a Passport 114 Find Near and Far 108
Laws Every Day 232 Use a Compass Rose 166
Hero Dogs 254
Make a Post Card 264 W) Chart and Graph Skills
Geography Read a Calendar 34
V Read a Chart 94
The Pacific Ocean 78 Read a Graph 150
The Pony Express 220 Use a Timeline 182
c Biography
Fire Chief Rosemary Cloud 58
Citizenship Skills
Make a Decision 136
John Muir 86 Solve a Conflict 200
Thanh Lam 142 Compare Points of View 214
Sarah Chang and Fernando Bujones 156
George Washington 242 Vp Reading and Thinking
More biographies at
www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss/ Express Ideas in Writing 234
Compare Fact and Fiction 256
’Sz* Economics
What Comes from Trees? 92
A Doggy Bank 148
12
Pilgrims' Route 191
€
CO Reading Skills/Graphic Organizer United States, Pony Express Route 220
262
Washington, D.C.
Compare and Contrast 44, 74, 8 2 ,116,130, R10
Atlas, World Map
176, 190, 202
Atlas, Canada, United States, Mexico R12
Main Idea and Details 2 6 ,1 1 0,1 44 , 236, 244 Atlas, The United States R14
Cause and Effect 88, 96,152
Classify 36, 54,102, 138, 184, 250, 258 Timelines
Sequence 158,208,216
Our Family History 178
Draw Conclusions 230
Marco's Week at School 183
Problem and Solution 60 Transportation Inventions 210
Communication Inventions 218
Visual Learning Pilgrims' Harvest Timeline 224
Maps, graphs, and charts help you learn.
Charts and Graphs
Maps
Calendar 35
United States 25 Immigration Chart 62
San Diego Zoo 43 Calendar 68
Neighborhood Map 53 Continents and Oceans 77
North America, South America, Natural Resources 95
United States, and Brazil 61 Seasons 97
Oak Park 68 Temperatures in the United States 98
North America, South America 72 Things People Need 131
World Oceans 75 Goods and Services 140
World Continents 76 What Does it Cost? 151
Pacific Ocean 78 Orange Juice Flow Chart 160
World Map 81 Costs 170
Alaska 82 Family Life Long Ago and Today 192
Nebraska 83 School Supplies 204
Great Lakes Region 85 Past, Present, Future 222
United States Climates 99 Laws 230
City, Town, Farm 104 Signs that Show Laws 232
School Neighborhood Map 109
United States 111 Fine Art
Canada, United States, and Mexico 117
Chumash Rock Art 186
North America, South America 122
Past Presidents 240
World Map 124
Leaders Long Ago 241
Vietnam, Hawaii 143
George Washington 243
United States, California, and Florida 159
Liberty Bell 260
United States 167
Statue of Liberty 261
Jenny's Neighborhood 170
Lincoln Memorial, Mount Rushmore 263
Chumash and Cherokee 185
13
About Your Textbook
O How It's Organized
Units The major sections of your book are units.
Each starts with a big idea.
Good
Citizens
T is the star-spangled
banner, oh, long m ay
it w a ve
O 'er the land of the
free and the hom e
o f the brave!
-From 'T h e Star-Spangled Banner"
b y Francis Scott Key
Explore big ideas i n ----

What do good
geography, history, citizens do?
economics, government,
and culture.
Get ready for reading.
Good Citizens
Each unit opens with a -•Vocabulary Preview

vocabulary preview.
vote
President W hen people vote,
they m ake a choice,
The President is the
Four important concepts lead er o f the United
page 246
States governm ent.

get you started. A b rah am Lincoln is
a p ast President,
page 236
© Core and Extend Core Lessons ----------
Lessons The lessons in Lessons bring social studies Core
your book have two parts: to life and help you meet Lesso n
your state's standards.
core and extend.
Extend Lessons
Go deeper into an
important topic.
Core Lesson
Needs and
Vocabulary lists Wants
give you the ► V o c a b u la ry
Build on What You Know
words you need needs - Before you read, use your
E ve ry p e rso n n e e d s food. W h a t
to know.
sc a rc ity
is y o u r fa v o rit e f o o d ?
prior knowledge.
w an ts
(^) R ead ing Skill N eeds Main ideas are underlined to

(paij
Com pare and N eed s a r e t h in g s w e m u st (.*)
'de®
show you what is important.
Reading skills C o n tra st
h a v e t o live. W e n e e d fo o d ,
support your clo th in g, a n d shelter. P e o p le w o r k

t o e a r n m on ey. T h e y u s e m o n e y t o
understanding
b u y w h a t th e y n eed . F a m ilie s d o )ok a t t h e p ric e s o f th e
of the text. n o t a lw a y s h a v e e n o u g h a n d th e b o o k . W h a t c a n
m o n e y t o b u y all th e y do w ith h e r m o n e y ?
w ant. T h a t is c a lle d
JEEJJW hat choice would
sca rcity .
make and why?
After you read, - L esso n Review

check what you O Vocabulary N a m e t w o needs that
have learned. fa m ilie s have.
© Main Id e a W h y d o fa m ilie s h a v e to m a k e
c h o ic e s a b o u t w a y s t o sp e n d m o n e y ?
Activity W rite a s to ry a b o u t a ch oice

yo u m a d e w h e n yo u h a d m o n e y to spe nd .
About Your Textbook
Extend Lesson Learn more about an important topic from each core lesson.
Dig in and extend

your knowledge.
N a r r a t o r : Ms. Lee looked sad one day.

She told her class, " I ’m so rry to sa y — ”
M s. L e e : I counted scisso rs and I found

there aren ’t enough to go around.
D e b : Let’s sh a re the scissors! T h a t will do!

I cut first, then Lan cuts, too.
La n : But if we share, I have to wait.

My a r t w ork will be very late.
Andy: T here’s money in our C la ss Fund.

Let’s buy scisso rs fo r everyone.
Look for literature, readers' theater,

geography, economics— and more.
Le sso n 2
Biography
fron/e Wasfinjton
G e o rg e W ashington w a s th e f ir s t
P resid ent o f th e United S t a t e s . He
is known a s th e F a th e r o f H is C o u n try
b e ca u se he w a s th e firs t le a d e r o f our
ammm.
new co un try.
Presid en t G e o rg e W ashing ton m ad e a

pro m ise to fo llo w th e C o n stitu tio n . T h e
C o nstitutio n is a p lan fo r m aking la w s fo r Activities - Write, talk, draw,
th e U nited S ta te s . E v e ry new Presid en t 1. Talk About I t Tell
m a k es th e sa m e p ro m ise.
about the patriotism of and role-play!
G eo rg e W ashington.
2. M a ke I t M ake a fa ct
card ab out G eorge
Washington.
T he C o n stitu tio n o f QTechnology R ea d m ore

th e U n ite d S t a t e s biog rap hies.
o f A m e r ic a . w w w .ed uplace.com /
kids/hm ss05/
<0 Skills
Skill Building Learn map, graph, and study
skills, as well as citizenship skills for life. Practice and apply each
social studies skill.
Skill lessons step it out.
Q References
Citizenship Handbook Resources
The back of your book includes sections Look for atlas maps, a glossary of
you'll refer to again and again. social studies terms, and an index.
Reading Social Studies
Your book will help you be a good reader.
Here’s what you will find:
VOCABULARY SUPPORT READING STRATEGIES
Preview Learn four important words Look for the reading strategy at the
from the unit. beginning of each unit.
Lesson Vocabulary Learn the Predict and Infer
meanings of lesson vocabulary. Monitor and Clarify
Vocabulary Practice Reuse words Question
in the reviews, skills, and extends.
Show that you know your vocabulary. Summarize
Question Use the question

Good Citizens strategy in Lessons 1, 2, and 3.
Predict and Infer Use the
predict and infer strategy in
Lessons 4 and 5.
Vocabulary Preview
Technology
2 e • glossary
e • word games
www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss/
vote
President When people vote,
they m ake a choice. symbol
government The flag is a symbol
leader of the United
A government is a States government. of our country. It
group of people who Abraham Lincoln is stands for freedom .
a re chosen to run a
community, a state, or
a country, page 231
a past President.
page 239
page 258
u
228 • Unit 5
Getting Food
to Market
► Vocabulary
machine
Did you ever wonder where
seller
orange juice comes from ?
etting Food from Other

aces
<oa</)
Some food we eat is grown ( + )
fa r aw ay from where we live.
People grow food and send it to
Who are the bt vers and sellers of
other states and even to other
orange juice at the store?'
countries.
O Vocabulary Tell what a machine is.
© Main Id ea What steps does it take to

get orange juice to homes?
Activity Draw a picture chart that

shows how orange juice is made. Write
sentences to go with your chart.
READING SKILLS COMPREHENSION SUPPORT
Graphic organizer Build On What You Know

As you read, use the reading skills to Ask yourself what you know about
organize the information. the lesson topic. You may already
know a lot!
Sequence
Review Questions
Cause and Effect
Answer questions as you read. Did
Compare and Contrast you understand what you read?
Problem and Solution
Draw Conclusions
Predict Outcomes
Classify
Main Idea and Details
Why It Matters
Social Studies is exciting and fun. It is
not just a book you read in school. You
will use what you learn all your life.
WHEN WHEN I 1
«►look around my ^ save money or
neighborhood ►decide what to buy—
*-or read a map— I'll use economics!
I'll use geography!
Town M a p
WHEN I
►hear the story of a
WHEN 1 person from the past
►go to a neighborhood meeting ►read books and visit museums
►or decide who to vote for— ►look closely at the world
III use what I've learned around me—
about citizenship! I'll think about history!
RARY<
UNIT 1
People
Everywhere
Some are very big and
Some are very small.
But it really doesn't
matter at all.
Because a family is
a family.
— From "A Fam ily is a Fam ily"
by Skip W est
I/I
What do we learn
from our families,
our schools, and
our communities?
22 • Unit 1
Unit People
1 Everywhere
Vocabulary Preview
Technology
e • glossary
e • word games
www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss05/
leader
Your teacher is the
leader of your class.
page 44
People in a family care

about each other.
page 26
24 • Unit 1
Predict and In fe r U se the
p re d ict a n d infer stra te g y in
L e sso n s 1, 2, a n d 3.
Summarize U se the su m m a rize
stra te g y in L e sso n s 4- a n d 5.
/ " " " 1 -----------------------------------
country
The United States is the
country where you
community live, page 60
Your home and school

are part of the
community where you
live, page 54
. -----
25
Core
Family
You are p art of a family. Who
► V ocabulary
are the people in your fam ily?
family
Reading Skill A Family of Helpers

Main Id e a and
A family is a group of people
D etails
who care about each other.
People in a fam ily help each { + )
other. Everyone in a fam ily

can be a helper.
Everyone is a family helper.
26 • Unit 1
Families work together.
Family work can be fun.
iT C T C T l W hat does your fam ily do together?

Families Learn Together
ft'a//?
You learn many things from your family. (★ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------- — -------------------- /de'&
Your fam ily can teach you how to care about
other people. Your fam ily can teach you how
to be safe and healthy.
Families care.
Families help us to
learn to do things.
• U n it 1
Families share stories.
W hat do you learn from your fam ily?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary What is a family?
© Main Idea Tell about how people in a

family can help each other.
Activity Draw a picture of your family.
29
Literature (Read Aloud)
J iNGl e
DANCe R
by Cynthia Leitich Smith
30 • Unit 1
-
m
32 • Unit 1
Activities
1. Talk About It Tell about
something you learned
from your family.
2. Write About It Write a
sentence about Jenna in
this story.
Read a
Calendar
► Vocabulary You can find special days on a
calendar calendar. A calendar shows the
months of the year, the weeks in a
month, and the days of the week.
Learn the Skill
Step 1 There are twelve

months in a year.
Name the months.
Step 2 Read the days of the

week on the calendar.
Step 3 Each day in a month

has a number. How
many days are in
Novem ber?
^ N ovem ber
Practice the Skill
Use the calendar to answer the questions.
O W hat special day is November 7?
Q Which holiday is on a Thursday in

November?
November
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
^ 7 8
Flection Day
19 <20 <21 22*023 24

/ / / / Thanksgiving /
Core
Lesson In Your
Classroom
► V ocabulary
job
Look around you. There are
Reading Skill many children in your classroom.
C la ss ify Think about caring for others.
Caring About Others

We learn to w ork toqether ( * k )
------------------------- —------ 'c/e*
at school. We treat each other
nicely. We help each other.
Helping others shows we care.
Children help on
the playground.
Helping in the Classroom
There are jobs to do at school. A job
is w ork to be done. Your classroom has (★ )
-------------------------------------------- 'de*
helpers to get jobs done.
Why do we have classroom helpers?
37
Saying the Pledge of Allegiance
At school we show that we care about
cC'aio
each other. When we say the Pledge of [+ J
Allegiance, we show that we care about

our country.
HSU Reading Visuals Why are the children and

the teacher holding their hands on their chests?
38 • Unit 1
The Pledge of Allegiance
I pledge allegiance to the flag
of the United States of America
and to the Republic for which it stands,
one Nation under God, indivisible,
With liberty and justice for all.
Why do we say the Pledge

of Allegiance?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Write or tell about a job
you do at school.
O Main Idea What are ways you show that

you care about others in your class?
fa Activity Draw a picture of your class

“ saying the Pledge of Allegiance.
r
Citizenship
Helping Hands
Think about w a y s you can be a helper.
We help with jobs at home,

We put our things away,
We use our helping hands,
We use them every day.
We help with jobs at school,

We help each other out,
r
We use our helping hands,
And that’s what it’s all about!
40 • Unit 1
Hake a Helping Hands Tree
You will need:
Step 1. Trace your

hand on a piece of
paper. Then cut out
the p ap er hand.
Step 2. W rite one

helping job you
can do on the
pap er hand.
Step 3. Hang your

helping hand on
the tre e .
Skillbuilder
Compare Pictures
and Maps
► Vocabulary ^ map is a drawing of a place,
map The pictures on a map show where
things are.
Learn the Skill
Step 1 This photo shows what a zoo looks like if

you are looking down at it from above.
Step 2 Look at the map of the zoo on the next

page. The map shows the buildings and
paths you see in the photo.
Step 3 Look at the

photo. Then look
at the map. The
things on the
map and in the
photo are in the
sam e places.
San Diego Zoo

42 • Unit 1
Practice the Skill
Com pare the photo and the map of the zoo.
O Tell how the map and the photo are the

sam e.
Q Tell how the map and the photo are

different.
Core
Lesson Leaders and
Rules
► V ocabulary
leader
Have you played the game
rule
Follow the Leader? W hat do you
Reading Skill think a leader does?
C o m p are and
C o n tra st Leaders
-
Every group needs a leader.
Parents are leaders in a family.
____J
V
J Your teacher is a leader.
A leader helps a group work
ccva//,
(★ )
'de?
well together.
Leaders Make Rules
//>
Leaders make rules that help people. ( + )
A rule tells people what they should do.

Rules help keep things fa ir for everyone.
Rules help keep people safe.
Why do leaders make rules?
45
Following Rules
You have rules at home and in school. When ( * )
-------------- /de'2>
everyone follows the rules, things are fa ir for

everyone. It is im portant to follow the rules.
d M M ih Why is it im portant for everyone to

follow the rules?
46 • Unit 1
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell about one school rule.
O Main Idea Why do groups need leaders?
Activity Make a sign that shows a rule

at home.
47
Literature (Read Aloud)
The Saturday Escape

by Daniel J. Mahoney
In this story three friends

sneak out to the lib rary
story hour without
doing their
S a tu rd a y chores.
Ja c k wondered what his mother would say

when she saw his room. His parents were
alw ays so proud of him when he cleaned up.
His mother kissed him and said, "Good boy,”
and his fath er scratched him behind the ears.
Ja c k did not think that would ha
48 • Unit 1
W
A'a5I ‘
r#
#
O
Melden, too, w as wondering about what
was happening at home. His parents had
trusted him to paint the shutters. He
could imagine only too well what the house
would look like when his brothers were done,
Angie was remembering

her piano recital.
Her dad had been
so proud of her
that night, and
he’d gone to a lot
of trouble to tape
her perform ance. But
how proud of her would he be today,
when he found out she wasn’t really
practicing?
As the story ended, Ja c k stood up. "M ay I be
excused?” he asked.
"But story hour isn’t over y e t,” the storyteller
told him.
"I know,” said Ja c k , "but I just thought of
something I have to d o .”
"And I have to help him ,” said Angie.
"Me, to o ,” said Melden.
"W e’ll be right b ack,” Ja c k promised, and the
three friends hurried out of the library.
First they went to Melden’s house. Luckily, his

brothers had painted each other instead of
the shutters.
LITERATUR
Then they went to Angie’s house, so she could
finish practicing. Ja c k and Melden enjoyed
the music. So did Angie’s dad.
Finally, they went to Ja c k ’s house and cleaned

his room. They felt very proud of themselves.
But now that all the painting and practicing
and picking up w as done, it w as too late
to go back to story hour.
So they had one of their own!
-Activities—
1. Talk About It Why do you think Jack,
Angie, and Melden went home to finish
their chores?
2. Write About It Write a sentence about
what you liked best in the story.
rS. Read a Map Key
A map can show where places are in
► Vocabulary
a neighborhood. A map key helps you
map key
find the places.
symbols
Learn the Skill
Step 1 The places and things on

a map key are shown by
symbols. Symbols are
pictures that stand for
real things.
Step 2 Look at each symbol on the

map key. Read the words.
W hat real thing does each
symbol stand for?
Step 3 F ind a house symbol on

the map. Each house
symbol shows where a
real house is.
• Unit 1
Practice the Skill
Look at the map and the map key.
O Choose a symbol on the map. Use the map

key to tell what the symbol stands for.
Q Use your finger to trace a route between

the school and the park.
Neighborhood Map
Core
Lesson A Community
Are there fire stations and
► V ocabulary
schools near where you live? Who
community
are the people who w ork nearby?
Reading Skill
V Classify Community Life
...... ........N
( 1 Your fam ily lives in a community.
A community is a place where
______________________ _________ ! <<âif,
V..............i people live and w ork together.

Community Helpers
You help at home and at school.
Communities have helpers too. Helpers do
jobs that make the community a nice place (*k)
------------------------------------ 'c/e*
to be. Some helpers keep us safe. O thers
help keep a community clean.
Rosemary Cloud is a Catherine Beyers is a

fire chief in Georgia. librarian in Wisconsin.
is T M M I Why are helpers im portant in

the community?
Nurses and doctors Workers help keep a
help us stay healthy. community looking nice.
Postal workers
make sure
people get
their mail.
56 • Unit 1
Community Places
A community has many
places where people can (;* )
go. Your school is a place
in your community. A
community can have a
library and a hospital. Some
communities have a center
where all people can go.
is B H B B I W hat places in
your community have you
been to?
Lesson Review
® Vocabulary Name three places in your
community.
O Main Idea What do community helpers do?
H AN D S
ON
Activity Choose a community helper. Act
out what that helper does. Ask a classmate
to guess who you are.
57
Biography
FIRE CHIEF
ROSEMARY CtllUI)
Chief Cloud says, "Helping people is the

thing I like best."
58 • Unit 1
L e t’s m eet a com m unity helper
o
BIOGRAPHY
w ith a big jo b . R o se m ary Cloud
is the fire chief in Ea st Point,
G e o rg ia . R o sem ary Cloud is the
firs t A fric a n A m e rican wom an in
the United S tates to becom e a
fire chief.
Moving to the United States
Long ago, many people cam e to North
Am erica from different countries. People (+ )
-------- /i/e*
are still coming to the United States with
new ideas and new w ays of living.
People Moving to the United States
In I960, most people came In 2000, most people came

from these countries: from these countries:
Italy Mexico
Germ any Philippines
Canada China
G reat Britain India
Poland Cuba
........ .........— .......... -......— ............ ...... ........ ... -..— ..T -. ....>.— —
New People Bring New Things
A community can learn new things when (*k)
--------------- ^-------------------------—-------- /'de^
people move there. People bring their
language. They bring their music and clothing.
They bring their special foods.
W hat do people bring with them

when they move to another country?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell about someone you
know who moved here from another
country.
O Main Idea Why do people move?
H AN D S
ON
Activity Make a poster showing ways
you could welcome a new classmate.
History
Moving Then and Now

Many y e a rs ago people moved in
w agons pulled by strong anim als. The
w agons w ere sm all. Fam ilies
could bring only a few things.
Today m any fam ilies can

use big tru cks to move to a
new p lace . Now people can
take most of th eir things.
/w fivifies
1. Draw It Draw pictures of things
you would take to a new home.
2. Write About It Write a sentence
about moving then and now.
Unit ^
Review and Test Prep
I belong
Scho o l
I fo llo w r u le s a n d le a d e r s . I h e lp o th e r s .
Tell the words that are missing from the sentence.
1. You belong to a _____ , a , and a

(pages 26, 36 and 54)
2. At school, you follow and

(pages 44 and 45)
Facts and Main Ideas

3. Who are the leaders at your home and school?
(page 44)
4. What are some home and school rules? (page 45)
5. Who are some community helpers? (pages 55 and 56)
66 • U n it 1
Vocabulary
Write the letter or word for each correct answer.
6. A person who helps others work together
7. Something that tells people

A. country (p a g e 60)
what they must do
B. rule (p a g e 45)
8. A group of people who care C. job (p a g e 37)

about each other
D. leader (p a ge 44)
9. Work that a person can do E. family (p a ge 26)
f 4 \
Test Practice
10. What does the word community mean?
A. a classroom job
B. a rule for many people to follow
C. a place where people live and work
D. a school leader
^ ..........................-
J
Critical Thinking
Com pare and C o n trast
11. Which rules at home are different from school rules?
(p a ge 45)
67
Skillbuilders
Read a Calendar
Hi
J
Wedneday Thursday Friday Saturday
3 4 6
10 11 12 13
17 18 19 20
24 25 26 27
Memorial
2 8 Day 2 9 30 31
12. What month does this calendar show?
13. What day is Memorial Day?
14. How many days are there

between May 10 and May 17?
path
Read a Map Key bench
garden
15. How many benches are

in Oak Park?
16. What is the symbol for

garden in the map key?
68 • Unit 1
CURRENT EVENTS
Unit Activity
Community Helper Current Events Project

Puppets Use news articles.
Think of some helpers Create a People in
in your community. the News report.
O Draw a picture of a
community helper.
The President
© Cut and paste the tCjave a speech
helper to a stick. Today.

He talked about
© Have your job?.
puppet talk
Technology
about its Read articles about
work. current events at
At the Library
Look for these Social Look for these books at
Studies Independent your library.
Books in your classroom. On the Town: A
Community Adventure
by Judith Caseley
Jalapeno Bagels
by Natasha Wing
lUn«V
Con'0'1
69
UNIT 2
Don't you think that

someone had a very
funny notion to go and
name our planet Earth
w hen most of it is ocean?
"O ur Planet Earth"
by A ileen Fisher
What do you know

about Earth and
its people?
70 • Unit 2
Unit
2 Where We Live
Vocabulary Preview
Technology !
e • glossary
e • word games
mountain
A mountain is land that
is higher than all other
land around it. page 82
continent
A continent is a very
large are a of land.
The continent where
you live is called
North Am erica.
page 76
V J
72 • Unit 2
fading Strafe^pNj
Predict and In fe r U se the
p red ict a n d infer stra te g y in
L e sso n s 1,2,3, a n d 4.
Summarize U se the su m m a rize
stra te g y in L e sso n s 5,6, a n d 7.
ftWHMM ___
— "M|»
season
Summer is a season
that can have hot
weather, page 97
natural resource
W ater is a natural
resource that people
use every day. page 88
73
Core
Lesson 1 Our Earth
The world is where you live. W hat
► V ocabulary
do you know about the world?
ocean
continent
Earth, Our World
Reading Skill Earth is another name for ( + )
'deP
Compare and
the world where we live. It is
Contrast
made up of land and water.
X
The globe shows Earth ’s land
and water.
A globe is a model
of Earth.
74 • Unit 2
North
f i l l Reading Maps How can you tell land

from ocean on this map?
Oceans
There is more w ater than land on Earth .
The a re as of w ater on the globe and on the
map are oceans. An ocean is a large body
of salty water. Earth has four oceans.
'deP
lim M H iS H h In what w ay is a globe like Earth?

Offiil Reading Maps What are the names of
the continents?
Continents
A very large area of land is called a
continent. Earth hasêven continents,
/'deP
Find them on the map. Our country is
part of the continent called North Am erica.
Which oceans touch North A m erica?
76 • Unit 2
Continents Oceans
North America Pacific Ocean

South America Atlantic Ocean
Africa Arctic Ocean
Europe Indian Ocean
Australia
Antarctica
Asia
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell something you know
about continents and oceans.
Q Main Idea What do we call the areas of

land and water that we see on a globe?
i : ^ Activity Write a sentence telling what

continent you live on.
77
Geography
The Pacific Ocean

L e t’s explore the w o rld ’s biggest
ocean. It touches the five continents
of N orth A m e ric a , South A m e ric a ,
A n ta rc tic a , A u s tra lia , and A sia .
There is a big colorful world

of plants and animals under
the ocean waves.
S3?
The ocean floor can be hilly or flat.
Big volcanoes rise from deep in the
Earth.
W t l y i t i e ^ g p r ----------------
1. Talk About It Talk about

what you see in the ocean
2. Create It Cut and paste
colored paper to make a
picture of the ocean floor,
plants, and animals.
Skillbuilder
Compare Globes
and Maps
► Vocabulary We all live on Earth . Earth is round
globe like a ball.
Learn the Skill
A globe is a model of Earth . A

model is something small that looks
just like a bigger object.
Step 1 The globe is round like a

ball. The blue p a rts of the
globe show water. The
other color a re a s show
the land.
Step 2 Look at the map of the

w orld. It is flat. It shows
Earth ’s land and w ater too.
Find some w ater and some
land on the world map.
80 • Unit 2
Practice the Skill
Look at the globe and the map of the world.
Q Tell two w ays that the globe and the map

of the world are the sam e.
Q Tell one w ay that they are different.
The World
Core
Lesson Our Land,
Our Water
► V ocabulary
mountain
Think of the land around your
plain
school. Is it fla t or hilly?
river
lake
Mountains and Plains
Reading Skill Earth is made up of different ( /i/e
*k)
-------------------- *
Compare and kinds of land. A mountain is land
Contrast
that is higher than the land
around it.
Mount McKinley is in Alaska.

A plain is a large, fla t land a re a . Some
plains are grassy. O ther plains have good
soil for farm ing. Plains can be high land or
low land.
isTM H B l W hat do you

know about mountains
and plains?
Nebraska has high

grassy plains.
Rivers and Lakes
Earth has different kinds of water. A river HO
— /'de?
is fresh w ater that moves across the land. It

may em pty into a lake, another river, or an
ocean. The Mississippi River is one of the
longest rivers in the United States.
Steamboats carry
people and things on
the Mississippi River.
A lake is a body of
w ater that has land around
it. Some lakes are huge.
Look at the map of the
G reat Lakes.
GREAT LA K .e S
k m lS it 3 ! ! h W hat is the
difference between a
river and a lake?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell how a river is different
from a lake.
O Main Idea What kind of land and water

can you find on Earth?
Activity Draw a picture showing plains

and mountains.
Biography
John Muir
Jo h n Muir liked to w alk
in the w oods and fie ld s. He
loved to learn ab out p lan ts
and anim als.
Yosem ite Valley w as one ^
of Jo h n ’s fa v o rite p laces. He wrote

a rtic le s telling people th at it should be a
national p a rk . In 1890 Jo h n ’s dream cam e
tru e . One d ay you might visit Yosem ite
N ational P a rk in C a lifo rn ia .
c h a r a c te r tr a it: Civic Virtue
Activities
1. Talk About It Tell in your own words
why people remember John Muir.
2. Write About It Write about something
you have seen in nature.
Q Technology
Read more biographies at
Core
Lesson Natural
Resources
► V ocabulary
natural
People use w ater and wood
resource
every day in many different w ays.
Reading Skill You use wooden pencils and you
Cause and Effect drink water.
Earth Has Natural

Resources
Plants, soil, and w ater come
from nature. Earth has natural
resources. A natural resource ( * )
------------------------- 'deP
is something in nature that
88 • Unit 2
W hat things do you see in your
classroom that come from wood?
People Use and Save
Resources
Oil and coal are found (+ )
under the ground. People can

use those natural resources to
heat homes and buildings. Oil
can be made into gasoline.
People use gasoline in their cars. This man is digging
coal under the
ground.
These children pick
up trash that
could wash back
into the ocean.
if.
90 • Unit 2
Many people w ork to save natural resources
such as water. They also w ork to replace trees
that have been cut down.
W hat can you do to save w ater and

other natural resources?
Lesson Review
about a natural resource.
O Main Idea What do people do with

natural resources?
Activity Use pictures and words to make

a poster that shows people working to
save water.
91
Wood can be used
to make pencils.
J h:
'r-
Trees a re an im p ortant
natural reso u rce. Many
things you see and use
every d ay come from tre es.
Fruits such as apples

and peaches come
from trees.
Parts of this
house are made
from wood.
Wood can be
ground into pulp
to make paper
for books.
Violins are
made from
wood.
1. Write About It Make a list of things

you see in your classroom that come
from trees.
2. Make It Draw pictures or use magazines
to make a mobile that shows the many
things that come from trees.
Skillbuilder
SkiW*
Read a Chart
C h a rts use words or pictures to
► Vocabulary show information.
chart
Read the chart to find out how
people use natural resources.
Learn the Skill
Step 1 The title tells you that this chart is

about natural resources.
Step 2 The labels under the title tell what

information is in the chart. The
labels show w ays people use plant
and w ater resources.
Step 3 Look at the first row of pictures on

the chart. You see trees used for
wood. W hat is the w ater used for?
94 • Unit 2
Practice the Skill
Read the chart. Answer the questions.
O W hat are some w ays people use plants

as natural resources?
Q W hat are some w ays people use w ater

resources?
Natural Resources
Plants Water
trees for wood water to drink
plants for food water for plants

Core
Lesson 4 Weather
and Seasons
► V ocabulary
weather
Look out the window. Is it sunny
season
or cloudy? People like sunny days
Reading Skill for working and playing outside.
Cause and Effect
Weather
W eather is what it is like
outside. W eather is alw ays moving
and changing. Winds cause the
<âit]
w eather to chanqe. Rain, wind, ( * )
------------- 'de*
clouds, a nd tem perature are a
part of weather.
■ * ^ • J r4
ft* '■ f - y d
sunny rainy snowy cloudy
96 • Unit 2
Seasons
&aiO
A season is a time of the year. Fall, winter, (*k)
-------------- 'c/e*
spring, and summer are the four seasons.
Each season has different weather.
d m lM h S fih W hat season is it now?
97
Dressing for the Weather
Seasons and w eather (+ )
--------------------------- 'de?
change how people live.
Children w ear warm clothes
in cold weather. They can
go to the beach in hot
weather. People m ay have
to change their clothes
because of weather. Los Angeles
In the United States, winter
can be cold or hot. It depends
on where you live.
Temperatures on a February Day

Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Los Angeles, California
Atlanta, Georgia
W hat is winter w eather like

where you live?
98 • Unit 2
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Write a sentence using the
words w eather and season.
Q Main Idea In what ways does weather

change how people live each season?
Activity Make a picture book about the

four seasons where you live.
99
History
What Will the

Weather Be?
Then
Long ago, there w ere no w eath er rep orts.
People could not find out if rain or snow
w ere com ing. They did have some old
w e a th e r sayin g s.
Cow s lying down If anthills a re high in July,

Good chance o f rain Winter will be stormy.
1 0 0 * Unit 2
Now
Today w e a th e r re p o rte rs find out w hat
the w e a th e r will be. They use sa te llite s
and com puters. S ate llite s take p ictures
of w e a th e r acro ss the w o rld . The
pictures show w here big storm s a re .
Wclilities
1. Create It Make a chart that
shows all the days of the
week. Write or draw pictures
that show what the weather
is like each day.
2. Read About It Find books
about w eather at the library.
Core
Lesson City, Town,
Suburb
► V ocabulary
city
W hat does your community
town
look like?
suburb
Reading Skill Living in a City

Classify A city has many people and
.......... ...."ni
r buildings that are very close HO
------------------------------------------------------------------ /de*
together. A city is a busy
L _ — .
community. A city has many
streets, and places to shop and
eat. Many people live and work
in cities.
San Francisco, California

The main street of a town
Living in a Town
A town is a sm aller community than a city. (*k)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — 'de>
Houses and buildings are not as close
together. There are few er people, shops, and
streets.
A suburb is a town that is close to a city.
Some towns and suburbs have farm s.
How are cities different from towns?
103
£339 Reading Maps Use the picture map to
compare cities, towns, and farms.
Map Key
*
town people
U n it 2
Lesson Review
about a city.
O Main Idea Use the map to tell the

differences between a city and a town.
I; > Activity Write about your community.

Tell if it is a city, suburb, or town. Tell
about some places in your community.
History
Small Town, Big City

Can you believe that this big city used to
be a small tow n?
Here is San Francisco today. It is built on
hills by the water. Millions of people live here.
There are skyscrapers, bridges, homes, trains,
boats, and cars. W hat else is different than
long ago?
This is a picture of San Francisco about 150 years
ago. It w as a small town by the water. Few er than
STORY
1000 people lived here. There were only a few small
houses. You can count the number of roads you see.
1. Talk About It Tell

ways a town grows to
become a city.
2. Build It Build a model
of a town long ago and
a city today.
Find Near
and Far
► Vocabulary Maps show the distance between
distance things. Distance is the m easure of
how near or fa r something is from
one place, or point.
Learn the Skill "C 3
Step 1 The school is one place, or

point, on the map. Put your
finger on the school.
Step 2 Put another finger on the

police station. The police
station is near the school.
Step 3 Now look at the library. The

library is fa r from the school.
1 0 8 * Unit 2
Practice the Skill
Follow the directions to compare distance.
Q Put one finger on the school. Put another

finger on the bakery. Is the bakery near
or fa r from the school?
Q Look at the bakery. Is the library near or

fa r from the bakery?
Town Map
[LIBRARY^ §
rrm
rrrtl n1 m 0
mi mi ini mi
H rr n
n ( j8 9 2 )
101 wwrnr^njwwi
a,I BA KERY 1
(5®
Core
Lesson
6 Our Country
Do you know the name of our
► V ocabulary
country?
state
citizen
The United States
Reading Skill Our country is called the United
Main Idea and
States of Am erica. Look at the
Details
map. The United States is made
LLP of 50 sm aller p a rts ca lled
states. A state is made up of
cities, suburbs, and towns.
110 • Unit 2
United States
■V A LA SK A ’
NEW
HAMPSHIRE^
V ERM O N T\
.SHINGTON
MASSACHUSETTS
OREGON NEW
IDAHO YORK
£_!_ RHODE
ISLAND
W YO M IN G PENNSYLVANIA CO N N ECTICU T
IO W A i if NEW
NEBRASKA O H !° JER S EY
NEVADA We s t D e la w a r e
LLIN O I: V IR G IN IA
V IR G IN IA MARYLAND
COLORADO
KANSAS
M ISSO URI KEN TUCKY
NORTH
CA R O LIN A
:a l i f o r n i a
OKLAHO M A ARKANS, SOUTH/
AROLINA
ARIZO N A NEW
M EX IC O ALABAI
ATLANTIC
P A CIFIC OCEAN
OCEAN
.OUIS]
HAW AII
G u lf o f M e x ic o
(jQQl Reading Maps W h e re is y o u r s t a t e ?
You Are a Citizen

You are a citizen of the state where
you live and the country where you
were born. A citjzen [s someone
who belongs to a communityâ jstate,
or a country.
Which state are you a citizen
111
Land and Water in the United States
Ea ch state has different kinds of land and
water. The United States is a big country. It
stretches from the Atlantic O cean to the
Pacific O cean.
California: The Sierra Nevada is a group of

mountains in the state of California.
Florida has ocean beaches

and lakes.
112 • Unit 2
Illinois: The states New York: The biggest
in the middle of the city in New York State
country have farmland, is New York City. It has
lakes, and rivers. a busy harbor.
JsM E K ft How can you tell that the

United States is a big country?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Use the words citizen and
state in a sentence.
© Main Idea How many states are in the

United States?
i: Activity Write a sentence about your

state. Tell why you like living there.
Citizenship
Make a Passport
People from the United S ta te s must
have a p a ssp o rt to visit o ther countries.
A p assp o rt shows the co u ntry w here you live.
co u n try s ta m p
Entrits/Entrtti Depa f t u rrs/So r lifl
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im in t h e w c e s S b v v b m
n a m e an d
a d d re ss
114 • Unit 2
You can m ake believe you have a p assp o rt.
Step 1 Fold a piece of p ap er in half.

W rite My P a ssp o rt on the cover.
Step 2 D raw a picture of your fa c e on

the inside.
Step 3 W rite your nam e, ad d ress, and

the co u ntry w here you live.
Which country would

you like to visit with
your passport?
Core
Lesson Our Country's
Neighbors
► V ocabulary
neighbors
The United States has two
Reading Skill countries that are near it. The
C o m p are and people of those countries are like
C o n tra st people who live near you.
“ V.
Canada and Mexico

V C a nada an d Mexico are
neighbors of our country.
Neighbors are people who live
near each other. Canada is the
neighbor to the north. Mexico is
the neighbor to the south.
116 • Unit 2
Reading Maps What kind of land is found
in all three countries shown on this map?
How are C an ad a, the

United States, and Mexico alike?
117
People Are Alike and Different
The !people in C anada, the United States, ( * )
!-----------------------------------------
and Mexico are alike and different in many
w ays. They have jobs. Children go to school.
In each country people speak different
languages. They have different beliefs. They
have different holidays.
Children read at school in Mexico.
118 • Unit 2
Children have a birthday
party in the United States.
In what w ays are V'
people in the three countries Children play

alike? hockey in Canada.
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Write something you know
about our country’s neighbors.
O Main Idea In what ways are the people

of Canada, the United States, and
Mexico different?
HANDS
ON
Activity Draw a map of North Am erica.
Write Canada, the United States, and
Mexico on your map.
119
(2/ Lesson 7 ..
Prim ary Sources
and Holida
Did you know th a t e v e ry co u n try has its
own fla g ? People ce le b ra te th e ir co u n try’s
b irth d a y with fla g s and p ara d e s. In
C a n a d a , M exico, and the United States,
people w e a r co lors of th eir fla g .
C a n a d a D ay is on
Ju ly 1 each year.
1 2 0 * Unit 2
Independence Day in
the United States is on
July 4.
Mexican Independence
is celebrated on
September 15 and 16.
Activities ------ — -----

1. Tell About It Compare the flags of
Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
2. Draw It Draw pictures or tell about ways
your family celebrates Independence Day.
Find more prim ary sources at
Technology
Big Idea
Use the chart to answer the questions.
1. What does a globe show? (page 74)
2. What continent do we live on? (page 76)
3. A country has towns, and farms, (page 102)

4. What kinds of land are on Earth? (pages 82 and 83)
5. What kinds of water are on Earth? (pages 75, 84, and 85)
6. In what ways do seasons and weather change how

people live? (page 98)
122 • Unit 2
Vocabulary
7. Africa is a
A. season (p a ge 97)
8 . Trees are a B. state (p a g e 110)
9. A is a time C. continent (p a ge 76)
of the year. D. ocean (p a g e 75)
10. An is a large body of E. natural resource

(p a g e 88)
salty water.
\
Test Practice
11. What does the word citizen mean?
A. A place with many people living in it

B. A person who belongs to a state or a country
C. A place that is hot and wet in summer
D. Another name for a continent
v_______________________________________________________________ y
Critical Thinking
Cause and Effect
12. Why do people try to save water and trees?
13. What makes cities grow bigger and bigger?

123
Skillbuilders
Compare Globes and Maps
14. Find a continent on the globe and on the

map. What is its name?
15. Which ocean is between Africa and Australia?
Find Near and Far
16. Is the rabbit near the house or far from it?
17. The tree is from the house.
1 2 4 * Unit 2
CURRENT EVENTS
Unit Activity
Global Address Envelope Current Events

Your global ad d ress is Use news a rtic le s about
w here you live in the p laces, such a s cities or
w o rld . states. M ake a poster of
Places in Places j n
O Fold a big sheet of
the News. "The Ne ws
p ap er in half to m ake — fcq: L n
o u Of o 0 :: o□□
the envelope. : a □□
a o tp S : JQnO
© W rite your nam e,
stre e t, town, state,
Newark Cit/
Technology
Read articles about

current events at
At the Library
Look fo r these Social Look fo r these books
Studies Indep end ent at your lib rary.
Books in your classroom . A Cool Drink of W ater
From the by B arb ara Kerley
M ountain
M aps and Mapping
by B arb ara Taylor
125
World of
Work
Everything costs money.
Nothing is free today;
So save your dimes
and pennies—
You always have to pay.
— From "You A lw a y s Have to Pay"
by Lois Lenski
What choices do
people make to get
the things they want?
126 • Unit 3
Unit O
World of Work
Vocabulary Preview
Technology I __________
e • glossary
e • word games
goods
Goods are things we
buy or use. A
superm arket sells
many goods such as
vegetables and fruit.
page 139
services
The post office has
many mail services.
page 139
128 • Unit 3
R e a d in g S t r a f e ^
Monitor and C la rify Use the
monitor and clarify strategy in
Lessons 1,2, and 3.
Summarize Use the summarize
strategy in Lessons 4- and 5.
J
save
Many children save
money for things they
want, page 147
factory
A fa cto ry is a building
where w orkers use
machines to make
goods. Toys are made
in a facto ry, page 154
)
Core
Lesson 1 Needs and
Wants
► V ocabulary
needs
Every person needs food. W hat
scarcity
is your favorite food?
wants
Reading Skill Needs

if)
Compare and Needs are thinqs we must (★ )
--------------------------------- —------------------------ 'de*
Contrast
have to live. We need food,
clothing, and shelter. People w ork
to earn money. They use money to
buy what they need. Families do
not alw ays have enough
money to buy all they
want. That is called
scarcity.
130 • Unit 3
Needs
Shelter
Clothing
fcliHdlHffib Why do people w ork to get money?
131
Wants
W ants are things we would like to have.
Fam ilies make choices a bout how to spend
money for what they want.
Help Jill make a choice about what to buy.
Jill has one dollar

saved in her bank.
She wants to get

another fish for
her fishbowl.
Today she saw a

book she wants.
132 • Unit 3
Look at the prices of the
fish and the book. W hat can
Jill do with her money?
riiMlMVJb W hat choice would

you make and why?
O Vocabulary Name two needs that

families have.
Q Main Idea Why do families have to make

choices about ways to spend money?
iJ > Activity Write a story about a choice

you made when you had money to spend.
133
Readers' Theater
CAST
Narrator Andy Maria
Ms. Lee Lan Deb ^
N arrator: Ms. Lee looked sad one day.

She told her class, rT m sorry to say— ”
Ms. Lee: I counted scissors and I found

there aren’t enough to go around.
Deb: Let’s share the scissors! That will do!

I cut first, then Lan cuts, too.
Lan: But if we share, I have to wait.

My art work will be very late.
Andy: There’s money in our Class Fund.

Let’s buy scissors for everyone.
134 • Unit 3
M a ria: If that’s a joke, it isn’t funny.
We’re buying a hamster with that money!
Andy: A hamster’s not the only pet.

A goldfish would cost less to get.
Deb: Or we can save a little more!
Lan: And as we save, I guess we’ll share.
M s. Lee: We still have scarcity today. But

we’ve worked out our problem. Hooray!
Hooray!
Activities
1. Talk About It Talk
with a partner. Think of
another w ay Ms. Lee’s
class could solve their
problem.
2. Make It Make a comic
strip to retell this story.
135
Make a Decision
► Vocabulary When people make a decision,
decision they make choices.
Learn the Skill
Look at the picture. Read

the steps and make a decision.
Step 1 Think about what

is happening. Two
children want to eat
pie. There is only
one slice of pie.
Step 2 Tell what the choices are.

• One child can eat the pie.
• The children can share the pie.
• No one can eat the pie.
Step 3 Think about each choice. Is it good for

everyone? Decide on the best choice.
136 • Unit 3
Apply Critical Thinking
Practice the Skill
Look at the picture below and read the

words. Help the boys decide what to do.
Q Think about what the boys could do. List

the choices.
Q Think about each choice. Is the choice

good for everyone?
Q Decide on the best choice. Tell why you

think it is a good decision.
Core
Lesson 2 Goods and
Services
► V ocabulary Build on What You know
sell You have been to a store where
goods there are things to buy and people
services to help you.
volunteers
Reading Skill
Making Money
<<*ai/,
Classify People w ork to earn money (-k)
'de?
......." ............. N
to buy things. People also sell
things to get money. To sell means
...... _ ..... Jk to give things for money.
HAR
Goods and Services
Food, books, homes, cars, and shoes are
goods. Goods are the things we buy or use.
People m ay sell goods to make money.
A dentist and a taxi driver earn money for
the services they do. Services are jobs people
^(\3it)
do to help others. People w ork to buy goods (★ )
-------------------------------------------------------- /'de?
and get services. Volunteers are people who

help others for no money. Can you name the
goods and the services in the picture below?
ifsMffeBfflb W hat are two w ays people can earn

money to buy things they need?
/ARE
ARBER
SHOP
Community Goods and Services
In your community there are places where
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—
(V)
/'de>
you can get goods and services. Look at the
chart on this page. It shows places where
people get goods and services.
iiTr r—
Stores Doctor’s Office
Bakery Library
I ........
Flower Shop Hospital
Farm Post Office
Gas Station Town Hall
Yard Sale Fire Station

... .............. _ _ .. .......!
140 • Unit 3
Goods and Services
Jobs
Some people have jobs making {+ )
goods. O ther people have service

jobs. A mail ca rrie r does a service job
Look at the children selling lemonade.
Is this job selling goods or services?
W hat are
places where you
get goods and
services?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Make a list of goods you
use every day.
© Main Idea W hat is the difference

between goods and services?
Activity Draw a picture of someone who

works in a service job.
• Biography
Thanh Lam of Honolulu, H aw aii,

is a v e ry successful business
owner. In 2002 he won an a w a rd
fo r being the best sm all business
owner.
I
Thanh cam e to the United
States from Vietnam with
little money. He opened
a sandw ich shop.
People in Honolulu
loved the bread
he baked. Soon
Thanh w as selling
his goods to
a irlin e s and
hotels.
142 • Unit 3
CHARACTER TRAIT: C o u r a g e
A harbor
in Vietnam.
Mr. Lam sa y s to his w o rk e rs,

"Try to do your best. W ork
hard . Be honest and keep
your w o rd .”
Activities
1. Think About It Why do you think
Thanh Lam had courage to start
his own business?
2. Write About It Write about a job
that you would like to have.
Read more biographies on
Technology
2 www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss05/
Core
Lesson Buy, Trade,
and Save
► V ocabulary
cost
When you are ready to buy
save
something, you find out how much
Reading Skill money you have to spend.
Main Idea and
Details Buying
When your fam ily shops, they
look at the cost of things. The
cost is how much money is
needed to buy something.
<<vait)
People make buyinq choices
-----------------------------------±---- —-----------------
(★
/de>
)
by looking at the cost of the
things they want to buy.
Trading
<âit]
Sometimes people trad e goods and (+ )
services to get things they want. In

school, you m ay like your friend’s cookies
and she likes your popcorn. You could trade
the popcorn for the cookies.
tsH flH M Do you think it is better to buy

things or trade things? Why?
I will dry
the dishes for
you today.
These children
trade chores.
145
Making Choices
Families have to make choices about what (*k)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /c/e^
they can buy. Tina’s parents want a new ca r
because they have a new baby. Her fam ily
also w ants to take a big summer vacation.
Here are some things they talked about.
• They do not have money for both.
• Their car is too small and it is old.
• They can have a short vacation, but they
want a longer vacation.
They chose to buy a new car. Why do you
think they made that choice?
Saving Money
<oa//>
People often save money to buy (jk)
things they want. To save means to

put a w ay and keep. People can save
money in a bank. The bank is a safe
place to keep money.
C SSSs& l Why is it im portant to save money?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell one w ay that you can
save money.
© Main Idea Why do people make choices

when they want to buy something?
j f f i Activity Make a shopping list of 3 things

that you want to buy. You can d raw
pictures or write words. Write down how
much you think each thing costs.
Economics
A Poggy flank
You can sa v e money. M ake a bank and
w atch your money add up!
Use a p lastic milk or ju ice co n tain er

with a cap .
Step 1
Make the container into
a doggy bank. Add eyes,
ears, a mouth, a tail,
and some feet.
Step 2
Have your teacher
cut a slot for coins
and bills.
Step 3
Start putting your coins
in the bank today!
148 • Unit 3
Skillbuilder
Read a Graph
People com pare costs before they
► Vocabulary
buy things. A picture graph is a chart
picture
graph that can help you com pare things.
Learn the Skill
This graph com pares the costs of foods.
Step 1 Each picture of a dollar stands for

one dollar. Count the dollar bills
under the milk. It costs two
dollars to buy the milk.
Step 2 There are three dollar bills under

the orange juice. The orange juice
costs three dollars. It costs more
than the milk.
Step 3 There is one dollar bill under the

bananas. They cost one dollar.
They cost less than the milk.
150 • Unit 3
Practice the Skill
Look at the graph below to compare costs.

Then follow the directions.
O Which costs more, the eggs or the bread?
Q Which costs less, the cereal or the

orange juice?
e How much would it cost to buy milk and

cereal? Count to find out.
What Does it Cost?

All Kinds
Core
Lesson 4 of Jobs
I► V ocabulary Build on What You Know
worker Think about the jobs of people
factory you know.
(,g ) Reading Skill

Cause and Why People Have Jobs
Effect Most adults have jobs. They
..X ... \
w ork in offices or schools. They
'
-v
k------J V.....——/ w ork at home or outdoors.

W orkers make goods or
give services. A w orker is
a person who does a job.
i i KC'ai°
People w ork to ( * k )
-----!------------ /de*
get the goods and
services they want.
Mr. Chong is a mail carrier. He is paid
money each week for his w ork. This shows
what Mr. Chong did with his money this week.
hiMWHPA W hat services do people buy?
house ê\ephone
Jobs at a Factory
This bread fa cto ry has many w orkers.
io
A fa cto ry is a place where w orkers use (*>
'deP
machines to make goods. Some w orkers
make the bread. O thers put the bread
in bags. The facto ry w orkers are paid
for their w ork. Everyone’s
job is important.
154 • Unit 3
Who are people who make goods?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Use the words fa cto ry and
w orker in a sentence.
O Main Idea What do people do to earn

money to buy goods and services?
ffi Activity Draw a picture of a toy factory.
155
Biographies
Sarah Chang
Sarah Chang w as only
four years old when
she began to play the
violin. At five years old,
she was playing in
concerts! Sarah Chang
is now one of the best
violinists in the world.
c h a r a c t e r t r a it : Responsibility
Fernando Bujones
When he w as young,
Fernando Bujones (Boo-hoh-nayz)
w as not very strong. A visit to a
doctor changed his life. One day
a doctor told Fernando’s mother
that dance lessons would make
him stronger. Fernando Bujones
has w orked as a fam ous ballet
dan cer and a teacher.
1. Talk About It Tell about the

responsibilities you would have
in a job.
2. Draw It Draw a picture of you
as a worker.
g Read more biographies.
Technology
^ www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss/
Core
Lesson Getting Food
to Market
► V ocabulary
machine
Did you ever wonder where
seller
orange juice comes from ?
buyer
(^) Reading Skill Getting Food from Other

Sequence Places
|c ^ = .
Some food we eat is qrown
-------------------------- ^------
fa r a w a y from where we live.
<<\ai/j
(*k)
/'de*
V ......
...... ♦ People grow food and send it to
f '. \
v ..... j other states and even to other
countries.
Look at the map. Most of
the oranges and orange juice
in the United States come from
California and Florida.
CA LIFO R N IA
FLO RID A
jfiH H EM I Why do you think people want

some food that is grown in other places?
From Tree to Table
if)
It takes many w orkers and machines to
--------------------------- -L--------------------------------------------------------
(*k)
/d(&
get orange juice ready to drink. A machine

is an object that does w ork for people.
When orange juice is ready, it is sent
to stores. People who w ork at stores are
sellers. A seller is someone who has goods
and services that others can buy.
People who shop in the stores are buyers.
A buyer is someone who pays money for
goods or services.
2 Move the oranges

to the squeezing
1 Pick the oranges. machine.
1 6 0 * Unit 3
3 Put juice into
containers.
Who are the buyers and sellers of

orange juice at the store?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell what a machine is.
© Main Idea What steps does it take to

get orange juice to homes?
Activity Draw a picture chart that

shows how orange juice is made. Write
sentences to go with your chart.
161
^ Literature
Stone Soup
A folktale from Europe
O nce upon a tim e, there w as a long dry
spell. The people of one village didn’t have
much food. A young girl solved the
problem of sc a rc ity fo r th at d a y ’s m eal.
"L e t’s m ake stone so u p !” said the g irl.

"All we need is a big pot of w a te r and
wood for a f ir e .”
Some people brought a little w ater.

O th ers brought logs fo r the fire .
"H ere I have a stone from the

riv e r,” the girl sa id . Plop!
I#
She dropped the
stone into
the pot.
162 • Unit 3
T h e w a t e r b o ile d . " T h is s m e lls g o o d ,” th e
g ir l s a id . " B u t it w o u ld b e e v e n b e t t e r w ith
a f e w o n io n s .”
A fe w p e o p le ra n h o m e . T h e y c a m e b a c k
w ith o n io n s f o r th e p o t.
T h e w a t e r b o ile d . " T h is s m e lls ju s t
r i g h t ,” th e g ir l s a id . " B u t it w o u ld b e e v e n
b e t t e r if w e h a d s o m e c a r r o t s . ”
M o re p e o p le ra n h o m e . E a c h o n e c a m e
b a c k w ith a c a r r o t o r t w o f o r th e p o t.
T h e g ir l s t ir r e d t h e s o u p . " T h is s o u p is
a lm o s t d o n e ,” sh e s a id . " I f w e ju s t h a d
s o m e n o o d l e s ...”
T h r e e o r fo u r p e o p le ra n o f f. S o o n t h e y
c a m e b a c k w ith n o o d le s f o r th e p o t.
T h e s o u p b o ile d . T h e g ir l s e r v e d s to n e
so u p to e v e r y o n e . W h e n t h e y h a d e a t e n
th e la s t d r o p , t h e g ir l p lu c k e d t h e s to n e
fro m th e p o t. S h e w ip e d it o f f , a n d p u t it
in h e r p o c k e t.
" T o m o r r o w ,” sh e s a id , " w e c a n m a k e
s to n e s t e w ! ”
Activities— — ------
1. Think About It W h a t is
th e m ain id e a o f th e s to ry ?
2. Write It W rite a re cip e

fo r sto n e so u p .
Compass Rose
► Vocabulary P e o p le u se m a p s to fin d d ire c tio n s
compass to p la c e s th e y g o . T h e compass rose

rose on a m a p sh o w s fo u r d ire c tio n s :
n o rth , so u th , e a s t , a n d w e st. n
Learn the Skill
Lo o k a t th e g lo b e . Pu t y o u r fin g e r
on th e X b e fo re re a d in g e a c h s te p .
North Pole
Step 1 N o rth is th e d ire c tio n g o in g
t o w a r d s th e N o rth P o le . M o ve
y o u r fin g e r n o rth fro m th e X.
A
Step 2 S o u th is th e d ire c tio n t o w a rd

th e S o u th P o le . M o ve y o u r
fin g e r so u th fro m th e X.
Step 3 W h e n you a r e fa c in g n o rth , p la c e s

to th e rig h t a r e e a s t. P la c e s to th e
South Pole
le ft a r e w e st. M o ve y o u r fin g e r
e a s t a n d w e s t fro m th e X.
1 6 6 * Unit 3
States Where Oranges Grow
South
Practice the Skill
Look at the map and follow the directions.
O Fin d th e c o m p a s s ro s e . S t a r t a t th e o ra n g e s
in F lo rid a . U se y o u r fin g e r a n d sh o w w h e re
n o rth is.
Q N o w p u t y o u r fin g e r on C a lifo r n ia . M o ve
y o u r fin g e r to sh o w th e d ire c tio n e a s t.
C3J3ES
needs and
wants
goods services
bakery barber shop
rade or
Answer these questions.

1 . People w o rk to earn _ (page 130)
2. W hat a re some goods and services? (page 139)
3 . W hat a re three things all people need? (page 130)

4 . W hy a re people not ab le to buy everything
they need? (page 130)
5. W hy do people save money? (page 147)
168 • Unit 3
Vocabulary
Write the letter or word for each answer.
6 . People who do not get paid fo r the w o rk they do
7. A place w here people A. factory (page 154)

m ake goods B. volunteers (page 139)
8 . To put a w a y and keep C. buyer (page 160)
9. Som eone who p ays money

D. scarcity (page 130)
to get goods and services E. save (page 147)
\
H) Test Practice
10. W h at does the w ord scarcity m ean?
A. Having a lot of goods

B. Things people buy and sell
C. Not having enough of som ething
D. A kind of se rvice job people have
J
Critical Thinking
Compare and Contrast
11. W hat is the sam e and d iffe ren t abo u t saving
and spending?
12. W hat is the sam e and d iffere n t abo ut buying

and trad ing things?
169
Review and Test Prep /
Skillbuilders
Read a Picture Graph
Cost
Item Cost
•1 r ®h «
®M* 1 [IN*
13. W hich item co sts the most money?
14. How much would it cost to buy the sunglasses

and the shovel?
15. If you had five d ollars, w hat could you buy?
Use a Compass Rose ’« 1

4 JL
4
This m ap shows Je n n y ’s neighborhood.
1ilfi i \$
16. W hat direction does Je n n y w alk

Jenm
from her house to the lib rary? j «. 1 Hous
17. W hat is south of the lib rary?
18. W hat is north of the lib rary?
170 • Unit 3
CURRENT EVENTS
Unit Activity
Make Trading Cards Current Events Project
M ake tw o se ts of trading Find out abo ut jo b s n ear
card s. Show goods on w here you live. M ake a
one set of c a rd s and Service Jobs chart.
services on the other.
O Place the stack fa c e

down and take turns
d raw ing ca rd s
© Trade goods
ca rd s fo r
services Technology ..........................
card s. Read articles about

current events at
In Your Classroom At the Library

Look for these Social Look fo r these books
Studies Indep end ent a t your lib rary.
Books in your classroom . Bread Is for Eating
by David and Phillis
Gershator
Follow the M oney
by Loreen Leedy
171
UNIT 4
Everything
Changes
The days gone by—
What shall I tell you.
M y grandchildren.
Of the days gone by?
— From "Spell Song"
A K w akiutl song
In what ways do
people and things
change over time?
*
172 • Unit 4
Everything
Unit
4 Changes
Vocabulary Preview
Technology
e • glossary
e • word games
settler
A settler is so m e o n e
w h o c o m e s to live in a
n e w p la c e , page 191
history
History is th e s to ry
o f p e o p le a n d th in g s
fro m th e p a st, page 177
174 • Unit 4
R e d d in g S tra te g y
Monitor and C la rify Use the

monitor and clarify strategy in
Lessons 1, 2, 3, and M
-.
Summarize Use the summarize
strategy in Lessons 5 and 6.
V ................. : : ................... -...
transportation
Transportation is a w a y
to m o ve p e o p le a n d
th in g s fro m p la c e to
p la c e . A tra in is o ne kind
o f tra n s p o rta tio n , page 208
communication
Communication is a
w a y p e o p le s h a re n e w s
a n d id e a s . A p h o n e c a ll
is o n e kind o f
c o m m u n ic a tio n , page 216
175
Core
Learning
Lesson 1
About the Past
► Vocabulary Build on W h at You Know
present T h in k o f so m e th in g fu n you
past d id la s t su m m e r. T h a t fu n tim e
history h a p p e n e d b e fo re to d a y .
future
Past and Present
Reading Skill
Compare and The present is w h a t is ('d
*e?
)
Contrast h a p p e n in g to d a y . T h e past
is w h a t h a p p e n e d b e fo re to d a y .
W h a t is so m e th in g you c a n i Fj
d o n o w t h a t yo u co u ld
not d o in th e p a s t ?
In the past you

were smaller. In the
present you are
getting taller.
176 • Unit 4
A Story of the Past
History te lls a s t o r y o f th e p a st. Y o u r {£)
fa m ily h a s a h is to ry . H e re a r e th re e w a y s
to fin d o ut a b o u t th e p a st.
Talk to people
about the past.
Read books or
listen to stories
about the past.
Look at real things

and pictures from
the past.
W h a t c a n you d o to fin d o u t a b o u t
y o u r fa m ily h is to ry ?
177
Our Family History
Dad
PAST
7 years old
■V
Jewel t
9|''.-f'.
I PAST I
1 year old
'A:
Future 1
i/)
T h e future is th e tim e a f t e r (★ )
to d a y . T o m o rro w , n e xt w e e k , a n d
n e xt y e a r a r e a ll in th e fu tu re . In
th e fu tu re you w ill g e t b ig g e r a n d
g o on to o th e r sc h o o ls.
178 • Unit 4
35 years old 65 years old
7 years old 25 years old
d a JJS S ® W h a t th in g s c a n h a p p e n
in y o u r c la s s in th e fu tu re ?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary U se th e w o rd s past,
present, a n d future in se n te n c e s.
O Main Idea W h a t is h is to ry ?
H AN D S Activity D ra w a p ic tu re th a t sh o w s
ON
so m e th in g you m ig ht do in th e fu tu re .
1179
Readers' Theater
Family History Day
N arrato r: Today is Family

History Day at school. Some
of us brought things from our
families.
Alicia: I have this old picture.

It is my grandpa's first car.
That’s my grandpa when he
was young.
Sam: I have this old bank. My mom had
it when she was seven. You put money in
the elephant’s trunk. Then the elephant
throws it into the bank.
Liz: This is an old puppet my

grandma had.
N a rra to r: What could you

bring to Family History Day?
Activities
1. Draw It D ra w a p ic tu re o f so m e th in g
you could b rin g to F a m ily H isto ry D a y.
2. Act It Out U se y o u r d ra w in g to tell

a b o u t y o u r fa m ily ’s h isto ry .
Skillbuilder
Use a Timeline
A timeline sh o w s w h e n th in g s
^Vocabulary h a p p e n e d . It sh o w s w h a t h a p p e n e d
timeline f ir s t , n e x t, a n d la st.
Learn the Skill
Step 1 T h is tim e lin e sh o w s M a rc o ’s w e e k a t

sch o o l. T h e w e e k s ta rte d on M o n d ay.
It e n d ed on Frid a y.
Step 2 R e a d w h a t M a rc o d id
on e a c h d a y o f th e w e e k .
S t a r t a t th e b e g in n in g Monday
o f th e w e e k , M o n d a y .
Step 3 Tell w h a t M a rc o d id on
M o n d a y , T u e sd a y , a n d
W e d n e s d a y . U se th e
w o rd s first, next, a n d
last to tell w h en
th in g s h a p p e n e d .
182 • Unit 4
Practice the Skill
Look at the timeline again. Then follow the

directions.
O Tell w h a t M a rc o d id on T h u r s d a y a n d F rid a y .
U se th e w o rd s first a n d last to te ll th e
o rd e r th a t th in g s h a p p e n e d .
Q Tell a b o u t e a c h th in g t h a t h a p p e n e d
b e tw e e n W e d n e s d a y a n d F rid a y . U se th e
w o rd s first, next, a n d last.
Marco's Week at School

Tuesday/ Wednesday Friday
I fed I played on
the pet. the swings.
Core i^
Lesson fj P The First
Americans
► Vocabulary Build on W h at You Know
American D o yo u k n o w w h o w e re th e f ir s t
Indians p e o p le to live in y o u r c o m m u n ity ?
Reading Skill
Classify The First People
if,
American Indians w e re (;fc)
/c/e*
th e fir s t p e o p le to live in N o rth
A m e r ic a . H u n d re d s o f y e a r s a g o ,
j m o re th a n o n e th o u s a n d g ro u p s
o f A m e ric a n In d ia n s lived a ll o v e r
N o rth A m e r ic a . Tw o g ro u p s a r e
th e C h u m a s h a n d th e C h e ro k e e .
Cherokee grew corn and squash for food.
W h o w e re th e f ir s t p e o p le to live in
o u r c o u n try ?
Cherokee
Chumash
Chumash built boats

to help them catch fish.
The Chumash
C h u m a s h m en a n d w o m e n m a d e m a n y ( * )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i- /dtp
th in g s. T h e y b u ilt c a n o e s to c a tc h fish fo r
fo o d a n d to g e t fro m p la c e to p la c e . W o m e n
m a d e b a s k e t s fro m g ra s s e s . S o m e C h u m a s h
p a in te d p ic tu re s in c a v e s . T h e c a v e p a in tin g s
a r e still im p o rta n t to th e C h u m a s h to d a y .
Chumash paintings in a cave near Santa

Barbara, California
186 • Unit 4
The Cherokee
T h e C h e ro k e e d id th e E a g le
D a n c e to w e lc o m e im p o rta n t
v is ito rs fro m o th e r p la c e s .
if)
T o d a y11
,-----------------------------
so m e C h e ro k e e still ('d
★e?)
______
do th e E a g le D a n c e on s p e c ia l
d a y s . T h e d a n c e h e lp s th e m
re m e m b e r w h a t life w a s like
in th e p a st.
ilitM M U A W h a t do th e
C h e ro k e e a n d th e C h u m a s h
still e n jo y fro m th e p a s t ?
Cherokee Eagle Dancer
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell so m e th in g you know
a b o u t American Indians.
O Main Idea W h a t did th e C h u m a sh m a k e

a n d use in th e p a s t?
ffi Activity D ra w p ic tu re s o f th in g s th e
C h u m a sh m a d e long a g o .
187
"™><™°nTurtlm uck
iterature jr-
* «™Sj
This poem about trees in autumn is

told by Cherokee people.
L o n g a g o , t h e t r e e s w e r e to ld
th e y m u st s ta y a w a k e .jf':.ill ||fifHRf
j ,/
s e v e n d a y s a n d n ig h t s ,
b u t o n ly th e c e d a r ,
th e p in e a n d th e s p r u c e
s t a y e d a w a k e u n til /
t h a t s e v e n th n ig h t. • V
T h e r e w a r d t h e y w e r e g iv e n
w a s to a lw a y s b e g r e e n ,
w h ile a ll th e o t h e r t r e e s
m u s t sh e d t h e ir le a v e s .
S o , e a c h a u t u m n , t h e le a v e s
o f t h e s le e p in g t r e e s f a ll .
T h e y c o v e r t h e f lo o r
o f o u r w o o d la n d s w ith c o lo r s
a s b r ig h t a s th e f lo w e r s
t h a t c o m e w ith t h e s p r in g .
T h e le a v e s r e t u r n t h e s t r e n g t h
o f o n e m o re y e a r ’s g r o w t h
to t h e e a r t h .
T h is jo u r n e y
th e le a v e s a r e t a k in g
is p a r t o f t h a t g r e a t c ir c le
w h ic h h o ld s us a ll c lo s e to t h e e a r t h
ACflVltTeS
1. Think About It W h y do you
th in k C h e ro k e e p e o p le sh a re
sto rie s a n d p o e m s?
2. Write It W rite a se n te n c e th a t
te lls w h a t th e w e a th e r in fa ll is
like w h e re you live.
Core
Lesson Family Life,
Past and
► Vocabulary
settlers
Present
harvest Build on W h at You Know
T h in k a b o u t m o vin g to a n e w
Reading Skill
Compare and p la c e . W h a t p ro b le m s c a n you
Contrast h a v e w h e n you m o v e ?
New Families Arrive
A m e ric a n In d ia n s w e re th e f ir s t p e o p le
living in N o rth A m e r ic a . T h e n p e o p le fro m
E u ro p e c a m e to t r a d e a n d fis h . So o n
fa m ilie s fro m E u ro p e c a m e h e re to live . (* )
-------------------------- !----------------------------- 'c/e*
T h e P ilg rim s w e re s e t t le r s w h o c a m e
fro m th e c o u n try o f E n g la n d . Settlers a r e
p e o p le w h o c o m e to live in a n e w p la c e . T h e
P ilg rim s c a m e to b e fr e e to p r a c t ic e th e ir
b e lie fs in G o d . T h e P ilg rim s m e t th e
W a m p a n o a g w h o w e re living on th e la n d .
W h e re d id th e P ilg rim s c o m e fro m ?
The Pilgrims sailed on the Mayflower in 1620.

191
192 • Unit 4
Wampanoag Life
JsflW H Bfc In w h a t w a y s is fa m ily life t o d a y

th e s a m e o r d iffe re n t fro m th e p a s t ?
193
Making a New Life
T h e f ir s t w in te r w a s v e r y h a rd fo r th e (* )
------------------------------------------------------- 'de?
P ilg rim s . T h e re w a s no t e n o u g h fo o d a n d it
w a s v e r y c o ld . M a n y p e o p le g o t sic k . In th e
s p rin g , th e W a m p a n o a g sh o w e d th e P ilg rim s
h o w to g ro w fo o d . E v e ry o n e w o rk e d h a rd .
W o m e n to o k c a r e o f th e h o m e . M en fa r m e d
a n d h u n te d . C h ild re n h e lp e d t h e ir p a r e n t s .
194* Unit 4
Celebrating the Harvest
In th e fa ll, th e P ilg rim s h a d e n o u g h fo o d
to e a t. T h e y h a d a biq h a r v e s t c e le b r a t io n . ( * )
----- 1------------- ^----------------------------- /de?
T h e harvest is th e c ro p s t h a t a r e g a t h e re d .
M a n y W a m p a n o a g s h a re d th e h a r v e s t
c e le b ra tio n . T o d a y , w e c a ll o u r h a r v e s t
c e le b ra tio n T h a n k s g iv in g .
W h y d o you
th in k th e P ilg rim s h ad
a h a r v e s t c e le b r a tio n ?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell w h a t a se ttle r is.
O Main Idea W h y w a s th e fir s t w in te r h a rd

fo r th e P ilg rim s?
Activity M a ke a c h a rt th a t sh o w s how
life fo r P ilg rim s w a s d iffe re n t fro m yo u r
fa m ily ’s life to d a y .
Ul
The fam ily in this story left England

about 300 y e a rs ago. They moved to
this country to m ake a b etter life.
K H ly #
n
"‘I J*3
'■ ?
kT"- 1 I
O n e ro o m c a b in ,
R u sh b e d s , s o ft .
G r e a s e d c lo th w in d o w s
L a d d e r , lo ft.
M o t h e r r e s t in g ,
B a b y b o rn .
L o c a l n a t iv e s ,
S h a r in g c o r n .
T h o m a s, E d w a rd ,
M a ry J a n e ,
C a r t in g w a t e r ,
P la n t in g g r a in .
198 • Unit 4
1. Write About It W rite a se n te n c e th a t
te lls how y o u r life is d iffe re n t fro m th e |
lives o f th e ch ild re n in th e sto ry .
2. Read About It Find T a tte re d S a ils a t

th e lib ra ry .
Solve a Conflict
A conflict h a p p e n s w h e n p e o p le
► Vocabulary
conflict d o not a g r e e . F a m ilie s c a n fin d w a y s
to a g r e e .
Learn the Skill
F o llo w th e s te p s to so lv e a c o n flic t.
Step 1 O n e child w a n t s to g o to th e to y s to re .
T h e o th e r w a n t s to g o to th e p e t s to re .
Tell w h a t th e c o n flic t is.
Step 2 T h in k o f so m e w a y s th e fa m ily co u ld
h e lp to so lv e th e c o n flic t.
• G o to th e to y s to re t o d a y a n d th e p e t
s to re to m o rro w .
• G o to b o th s to re s to d a y .
Step 3 W h ich w a y w o u ld you c h o o s e ?
200 • Unit 4
Practice the Skill
Look at the picture below. Read the words.

Then follow the directions.
O Tell w h a t th e c o n flic t is.
Q T h in k o f so m e w a y s to t r y to so lv e
th e c o n flic t.
Q C h o o s e o n e w a y to so lv e th e c o n flic t.
Tell w h y it is a g o o d w a y .
Core
Lesson 4 Going to
School
► Vocabulary
education
Long Ago
Build on W h at You Know
Reading Skill
W h a t th in g s in y o u r c la ssro o m
Compare and
Contrast h e lp yo u to le a rn ?
A School in One Room

T h e f ir s t s e t t le r s ta u g h t th e ir
J c h ild re n to re a d a n d w rite a t
h o m e . L a te r, p e o p le b u ilt (★ )
------ —L----- —--------- 'de?
o n e -ro o m s c h o o lh o u se s .
C h ild re n o f a ll a g e s
le a rn e d to g e th e r.
( 202 • Unit 4 j—
H o w a r e y o u r sch o o l a n d th e old
sc h o o lh o u se a lik e a n d d iffe r e n t ?
203
School Tools
i/j
In th e p a s t , c h ild re n u se d d iffe re n t to o ls ( * )
--------- 'de*
to h elp th e m le a r n . T h e y w ro te on sm all
c h a lk b o a rd s c a lle d s la te s . S o m e tim e s th e y
w ro te w ith p e n s m a d e fro m f e a t h e r s w ith
m e ta l tip s.
f
School Supplies
Then
Writing
Reading
204 • Unit 4
School Today
T o d a y , m o st c h ild re n in th e U n ite d
(. )
S ta te s g o to sch o o l to g e t a n e d u c a tio n . /de*
Education is a ll th e th in g s p e o p le le a rn ,
such a s m a th , h is to ry , a n d re a d in g .
H o w a r e th in g s a t y o u r sch o o l
d iffe re n t th a n in th e p a s t ?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary W h a t d o e s education
m ean?
O Main Idea W h a t do you th in k it w a s like

a t school long a g o ?
Activity D ra w p ic tu re s o f th in g s in a
ch ild ’s cla ssro o m in th e p a st.
205
Primary Sources
Hornbooks
W hat does a cow's horn have to do
with reading?
L o n g a g o , c h ild r e n le a r n e d to r e a d
u sin g a h o r n b o o k . P a p e r
c o s t a lo t o f m o n e y
t h e n . S o p e o p le
m a d e h o rn b o o k s.
F irs t, th e y cut N e x t, th e y c o v e re d th e
a w o o d en g lu ed a w ritte n p a p e r w ith a
b o a rd . p a p e r onto th e thin p ie ce of
b o a rd . co w ’s h o rn .
V_______________
206 • Unit 4
A gingerbread
hornbook was
a fun w ay to
learn the
alphabet. Each
time children
learned a
letter they
got to eat it!
Activities^
1. Draw It D ra w a c h a rt th a t sh o w s
th e ste p s to m a k e a h o rn b o o k .
2. Make It W rite th e a lp h a b e t to
m a k e y o u r ow n h o rn b o o k .
S. TeC*in°*°^y *-e a rn o b o u t o th e r p rim a ry

so u rc e s a t E d u c a tio n P la c e .
w w w .e d u p la c e .c o m /k id s/h m s s0 5 /
207
Core
Lesson
5 Moving
People and
► V ocabulary
transportation
Things
invention Build on W h at You Know
D id you rid e th e b u s to sch o o l
Reading Skill
Sequence to d a y ? A b u s is o n e w a y to m o ve
C 3 fro m h o m e to sc h o o l.
C Transportation
Lo ng a g o , p e o p le w a lk e d o r
3 ro d e on a n im a ls to g e t a ro u n d .
T ra n s p o rta tio n w a s v e r y slo w
th e n . Transportation is th e (* )
'de?
w a y w e m o ve p e o p le a n d th in g s.
Inventions
P e o p le m a d e in v e n tio n s b e c a u s e th e y
w a n te d b e t t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n . A n invention
is a n e w to o l o r w a y o f d o in g so m e th in g .
T ra in s, c a r s , a n d a ir p la n e s w e re a ll in v e n tio n s
a t o n e tim e . S o m e in v e n tio n s m a k e m o vin q (* )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — /i/e*
p e o p le a n d th in g s f a s t e r a n d e a s ie r.
Orville and Wilbur Wright

invented an airplane.
iS B B H W l W h y d o yo u th in k p e o p le m a k e
in v e n tio n s?
209
Steamboats traveled on
rivers from city to city.
S Steam engines were the
start of railroads.
Transportation Changes
T ra n s p o rta tio n k e e p s c h a n g in g .
'de?>
T ra in s, p la n e s , a n d h ig h - s p e e d
b o a ts h elp p e o p le to tr a v e l a n y w h e re
on E a r t h . It ta k e s less tim e to m o ve
p e o p le a n d th in g s th a n e v e r b e fo re .
dMM'ik H o w d o t ra n s p o r t a t io n
in v e n tio n s c h a n g e th e w a y p e o p le live ?
210 • Unit 4
1950 2000
Cars made travel easier for

many people.
Now it is possible to
travel into space.
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary U se th e w o rd invention in a
se n te n c e a b o u t tra n s p o rta tio n .
O Main Idea In w h a t w a y s is tra n s p o rta tio n

to d a y d iffe re n t th a n in th e p a s t?
Activity D ra w th e kin d s o f tra n s p o rta tio n

you u se.
211
}
Literature
Rush Hour
by Christine Loomis
Do you hurry to get to

school? That is a busy rush
hour for you.
E n g in e s s t a r t up w ith a j e r k .
P e o p le h u r r y o f f to w o r k .
H o rn s g o b e e p - b e e p , w h is t le s
b lo w ,
P la n e s g o f a s t ,
T ru c k s g o slo w .
T ro lle y s s w a y , f e r r ie s ro c k ,
T im e k e e p s tic k in g
O n th e c lo c k .
212 • Unit 4
C a r s on s id e s t r e e t s
T r a in s on t r a c k s ,
W h iz z in g ,
Z ip p in g ,
C lic k y
C la c k ,
R u m b lin g ,
R o a r in g ,
J i g g l in g ,
J u m p in g ,
L e ft tu rn ,
R ig h t t u r n ,
B a c k in g ,
B u m p in g .
W m vw ** — ----------
1. Talk About It Tell a b o u t a

rush h o ur a t y o u r sch o o l.
2. Write It M a k e a list o f th e
kin d s o f tra n s p o rta tio n in
th e p o e m .
Skillbuilder
Compare
Points of View
► Vocabulary A Point o f v ie w is w h a t so m e o n e
point of view th in k s. P e o p le c a n h a v e d iffe re n t
p o in ts o f v ie w a b o u t t r a n s p o r t a t io n .
Learn the Skill
Step 1 G u s h a s a n id e a a b o u t th e
b e st w a y to g e t to sc h o o l.
R e a d w h a t he th in k s.
Step 2 G u s th in k s th a t th e b u s is
th e b e st w a y to g e t to
sc h o o l. T h a t is G u s ’s p o in t
o f v ie w .
Gus
Step 3 G u s h a s a re a s o n fo r his The bus is the best
p o in t o f v ie w . H e like s to be way to get to
school. I can be
w ith his fr ie n d s on th e b u s.
with my friends
on the bus.
214 • Unit 4
Practice the Skill
Read what the rest of the children think about

getting to school.
Q W h a t d o e s G re g th in k a b o u t g e ttin g to sc h o o l?
W h y d o e s he th in k t h a t ?
© H o w is G u s ’s p o in t o f v ie w d iffe re n t fro m S it t a ’s?
© W h a t d o yo u th in k is th e b e st w a y to g e t to
sc h o o l? W h y d o you th in k t h a t ?
Greg Sitta
I like to ride my Walking is the
bike to school. best way to get to
My Mom rides school. It's nice to
with me. be outside.
U— _______ I—
Sharing News
Core
Lesson
6 and Ideas
► V ocabulary Build on What You Know
communicate D o you ta lk on th e te le p h o n e ?
communication U sin g th e te le p h o n e is o n e w a y to
s h a re n e w s.
(^) Reading Skill
Sequence
.1
ooa _____ ..___ - J
People Communicate
W h e n p e o p le communicate,
th e y s h a re n e w s a n d id e a s . Tw o
w a y s to c o m m u n ic a te a r e ta lk in g
tf'ait}
a n d w ritin g . T h e w a y p e o p le {+ )
s h a re n e w s a n d id e a s is
c a lle d communication.
These children
communicate with
sign language.
Communication
Inventions
Long, long ago people
made cave pictures to
communicate their ideas.
Later they invented
tC'aiff
alphabets. Inventions ( * )
1 'de*
made communication
easier and faster.
People used to write
books by hand. An
invention called the
printing press helped make
books more quickly. Then
more people had books.
They learned to read and
shared ideas from the
books they read.
A printing press from
the past
In what w ays do you communicate?
217
Inventions Timeline
100 years a go 80 years a go 60 years a go
Alexander Graham
Bell invented the
The television let
telephone about
people see and hear
100 years ago.
news and shows in
People could talk to
their homes.
friends near and far
using the telephone.
The radio brought news and

shows to people's homes.
218 • Unit 4
Satellites helped | Now we can
communication around communicate
the world. I wherever we are.
J I ______________
Q S B S l T e l l w ays that communication has

changed from the past.
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Name the ways you
communicate with your friends.
O Main Idea What are two communication

inventions?
H AN D S
ON
Activity Make a chart of communication
inventions that you use.
219
The Pony Exp ress
Long ago people who lived in
the w estern p art of the United
S ta te s had to w ait months fo r
mail to come. In 1860, the pony
express began!
The pony express w as a new

and fast w ay to move the mail.
Abraham Lincoln had become
President. People in the West
wanted news about him.
It took ju st seven d ays and

19 hours fo r A b rah am Lincoln’s
firs t speech to a rriv e in
C a lifo rn ia . People could not
believe how fa s t the news
had come!
220 • Unit 4
I- Activities----------
1. Talk About It What are
some ways that people
can send mail today?
2. Think About It Why do
you think it is important
to get news quickly?
Past Present jjjjf Future
Schools
Transportation
Communication
Fill in the missing w ords that help describe the chart.
1. T h e ________is time that has not happened yet. (page 176)

2. In the past, people used horses f o r . (page 208)
3. In the present, we use computers and telephones
for _______ . (page 216)

4. Why was life hard for the Pilgrims at first? (page 194)
5. What is different about schools long ago and schools

today? (pages 202 to 205)
6. What kinds of transportation today are faster than

transportation long ago? (page 210)
7. What are some communication inventions you use

every day? (pages 218 and 219)
222 • Unit 4
Vocabulary
W rite the letter for each co rrect answ er.
8. A new way of doing

something A. history (page 177)
9. The time that is now B. present (page 176)
C. invention (page 209)

10. A story about the past
D. communication (page 216)
11. All the things people
E. education (page 205)
learn
C A
\
* f) Test Practice
12. What does the word harvest mean?
A. An invention in the past

B. Crops that are gathered
C. A factory where food is made
D. A place where settlers live
J
Critical Thinking
Sequence
13. Who were the first people to live in North
America?
14. Who came next?

223
Skillbuilders
Use a Timeline
The Pilgrims' Harvest Timeline
Summer
15. What did the Pilgrims do first?
16. What happened during the summer?
Compare Points of View

17. Why does Deb think that
Thanksgiving is the
best holiday?
18. Do you agree with Deb’s

point of view? Why or
why not? "Thanksgiving is the best
holiday. I like to e a t good
food with my family.”
— Deb
224 • Unit 4
CURRENT EVENTS
Unit Activity
Make an Accordion Book Current Events

Think about changes in Find out about people
your life. from the past who may
be in the news today.
O Fold a sheet of paper
Make History Puppets.
in four parts just like
in the picture. *
© Draw and write about
your past, present
and future on the four
T e c h n o l o g y _____
Read articles about

current events at

Look for these Social Look for these books
Studies Independent at your library.
Books in your classroom. Aunt Claire's Yellow
Beehive Hair
by Deborah Blumenthal
William's House
by Ginger Howard
225
Good
'Tis the star-spangled

banner, oh, long may
it w ave
O'er the land of the
free and the home
of the brave!
From "The Star-Spangled Banner
by Francis Scott Key
What do good
citizens do?
Unit g
Good Citizens
Vocabulary Preview
Technology .
h&L e • glossary
e • w ord gam es
I
President
government leader of the United
A government is a States government.
group of people who Abraham Lincoln is
are chosen to run a a past President.
community, a state, or page 239
a Country, page 231
228 • Unit 5
/fading StrateJjX
Question Use the question
strategy in Lessons 1, 2, and 3.
Predict and In fe r Use the
predict and infer strategy in
Lessons 4 and 5.
V .- .......... — . ........... J
vote
When people vote,
they make a choice.
symbol
page 246 The flag is a symbol
of our country. It
stands for freedom .
page 258
229
Core
Lesson 1
People
Need Laws
► V ocabulary
law
W hat class rules do you follow?
government
Did you know that communities
Reading Skill have written rules too?
Draw conclusions
Laws
A community rule is called a
law. A community needs laws.
ft'aif)
Laws help
!
keep
!
a community
±-
( *)
/dR*
safe, clean, and fa ir for everyone.
r Signs That Show Laws
Nb
PARKING
ANY
TIME
o
1
All c a rs Children Do not
must stop. cro ss here. p a rk h ere.
230 • Unit 5
People Help With Laws
•âh
A government is a group of people [+ )
chosen to make laws. There are community,

state, and country governm ents. People can
w ork to make and to change laws.
The crossing
guard is a
community
helper.
JifefflUSt W hat are w ays people help with laws?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell about one la w in your
community.
O Main Idea Why does a community

need laws?
fa Activity Make a sign that shows a law

in your community.
231
Lesson 1
Citizenship
Laws Every Day

___ __________ _______ ___
Food Laws Nutrition Facts

Serving Size 1 cup
Many foods must have Servings Per

Container About 17
labels. A label shows

Ingredients
what was used to make Com Flour
the food. Wheat Flour
Brown Sugar
ool Ti, Bus Laws

The stop sign on a bus
tells cars to stop so
children can be safe.
STOP V
9\aV T/% Toy Laws

Labels tell how to use WARNING
not for children
toys safely. They tell
under age 3
how old a child should
be to use the toy.
— —--------- I.................. — - —•....-............ i........I,...... _ __________
232 • Unit 5
CITIZENS
1. Make It Think about toys.

Make a label that tells how
to use a toy safely.
2. Write About It Write a
sentence about a law that
helps keep you safe.
V-eacfc an d
¥ 3
i Express Ideas
in Writing
► Vocabulary Writing clearly helps people
clearly understand your ideas. You can
write clearly about rules.
Learn the Skill
These are the steps Julia

followed when she wrote
about a classroom rule.
Step 1 First Ju lia thought I wait for

of a rule. W ait for
your turn.
Step 2 Ju lia drew a picture of

herself following the rule.
W here is Ju lia in her picture?
Step 3 Then Ju lia wrote a complete

sentence about her rule.
234 • Unit 5
Practice the Skill
Now write your own ideas about classroom

rules. Use the pictures and the directions.
O Think of a rule in your school.
Q Draw a picture of yourself following

the rule.
O Write a sentence about the rule.
/
A sentence tells
a complete idea
y A / N ll
A sentence /
tells who does A sentence
something i® tells what the
•
person does.
/ /N
1 rais6 myhand
I wtlen I u/cint to tcilk.
uas ori w.
235
Core
Lesson 2 Government
and Leaders
► V ocabulary
mayor
Your teacher is a leader.
governor
Governm ents have leaders too.
President
Reading Skill Government

If)
Main idea and There are governm ents of ( + )
'de?>
Details
cities and towns, of states, and
of the country. Each place has a
main government building.
Your community m ay have a
city or town hall. There m ay be
a capitol building in your state.
In Washington, D.C., there is
the White House and other
government buildings.
236 • Unit 5
J3IM EH1 W hat are names of buildings where
government leaders w ork?
237
Government Leaders
In the United States, government leaders (+ )
'de?
are chosen by the people. Each leader works
to make our country a good place to live.
Mayor
A mayor is the leader of a city or

town government. A community
government takes care of many
things such as schools and libraries.
Governor
A governor is the leader of a

state government. State
governments take care of state
roads, colleges, and parks.
238 • Unit 5
The President
<âif)
The President is the leader of the United
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( + )
'de?
States government. The President helps to

make laws for all people living in the United
States. He or she also w orks with leaders
around the w orld.
fcliESiKKft Who is the President of the

United States?
239
Past Presidents
There have been government leaders from
—: (* ’
the time our country w as new. Read about
three past Presidents.
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was the third
President. Before he was President,
Thomas Jefferson wrote the
Declaration of Independence.
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth
President. He worked to give
freedom to African Americans.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

When Franklin Delano Roosevelt
became President, many people were
out of work. He helped to pass laws
that gave people jobs.
240 • Unit 5
Leaders Long Ago
There have been qovernment
--------------------- leaders for
^---------------------------- [*k)
/de*
thousands of years. Here are three leaders
from the past. We still rem em ber them today.
Queen of Egypt Emperor of Rome Emperor of Mali

Cleopatra was Caesar Augustus Mansa Musa led
the queen of was the leader of the Empire of
Egypt. the Roman Empire. Mali.
C H B 3 2 I Why do governments need leaders?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell something you know about
a governor.
O Main Idea What is different about the work

of a mayor, a governor, and the President?
Activity Draw and tell about a government

leader long ago or today.
241
Biography
y t o n / e W a
G eo rg e W ashington w as the firs t

President of the United S ta te s. He
is known as the Fath er of His C o u n try
because he w as the firs t lead er of our
new country.
President G eo rg e W ashington m ade a

. -;,*i
prom ise to follow the C o nstitution. The
C onstitution is a plan fo r m aking law s for
the United S tates. Eve ry new President
m akes the sam e prom ise.
The Constitution of
the United States
of America.
242 • Unit 5
c h a ra c te r t r a it : Patriotism
snbki
Activities
1. Talk About It Tell
about the patriotism of
George Washington.
2. Make It Make a fact
card about George
Washington.
******
.&>Y"7 Read more
Technology
biographies.
www.eduplace.com/
kids/hmss05/
Core
Lesson Citizens
► V ocabulary Why is it im portant to be a
right good helper in your community
responsibility and in our country?
vote
election Citizens Have Rights
Citizens of the United States
(^) Reading Skill
have rights. A right is somethinq (* )
Main Id ea and -------- —-------------------------------— 'c/e*
Details you are free to do.

Betsy and Dan Nally collect
turkeys and give them to
families who have no money
to buy Thanksgiving dinner.
Citizens Have Responsibilities

Citizens have responsibilities. A
responsibility is a duty to do something.
One responsibility citizens have is to help
tf'aio
to make laws and to follow them. Good
------------
('de?
*)
citizens can help to make their country a
better place to live.
W hat are some w ays that you can

be a good citizen?
245;
Citizens Make Choices
Sometimes people in a group want to
do different things. People can vote to
<<\aif)
decide which thing to do. When people (★ )
----------------- 'c/e*
vote, they make a choice. Voting is a fa ir

w ay for groups to make decisions.
Tim votes to go to the aquarium.

He will put his ballot in the box.
W here u/i II we go
for' our field Trip?
Aquarium
Dairyform
Citizens choose their
government leaders in an
election. An election is a time
when citizens vote for the leader
they think will do the best job.
The winner is the one with the
most votes. Citizens can vote
for rules and laws too. Voting
is a responsibility.
JsfePMWh W hat things have you voted on in school?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary What do citizens vote for in
an election?
© Main Idea What responsibilities does a

citizen have?
3 about a field trip you would

is that a good choice?
247
From
it ik ★
VOW
by Eileen Christelow
In this book, Chris Smith w a n ts to

be the m ayo r of her city.
X I ’m Chris X
Smith, candidateN
for Mayor. I hope
you'll vote
V for me. ^
248 • Unit 5
LITERATURE
Voting is a w ay to choose.
Those people
want to vote
for Bill Brown
A c t iv it ie s
1. Talk About It Tell why it is
important to vote.
2. Try It Vote for a favorite class
book. Add up the class votes
to find out which book your
class likes best. Then give an
oral report.
Core
Lesson 4 Heroes in
Our Country
► V ocabulary
hero
Think of someone in your
Reading Skill community who helps other people.
Classify
r
A
What Makes a Hero?
if)
A hero does something brave ( * )
V...... ......:.... u— J
or w orks hard to help others.
Heroes can be strong, kind,
honest, or caring. Heroes do not
give up when things are hard.
Sacagaw ea
Am erican Indian Guide

Sacag aw ea helped two
Am erican explorers named
» Lewis and C lark. She w as a
: Shoshone who helped Lewis and
C lark talk to Am erican Indians.
250 • Unit 5
Harriet Tubman
Leader for Freedom

Harriet Tubman led many
A frican Am ericans to
freedom . Long ago, A frican
Am ericans in our country
were not free to choose
their w ork or their homes.
Susan B. Anthony
Leader for Women’s Rights

Susan B. Anthony w orked to
get women the right to vote.
Before 1920, women could
not vote for leaders or laws.
M ilW r n How did these heroes help others?
251
Eleanor Roosevelt
World Leader for

Rights
Eleanor Roosevelt
believed that all
people should have
the sam e rights.
She worked in our
country and around
the w orld.
Cesar Chavez
Leader for Farm

Workers
C esar Chavez
worked to get farm
w orkers better pay
and safer
w orkplaces.
252 • Unit 5
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Leader for Equal Rights

Dr. King w as a church
leader. He worked to get
equal rights for A frican
Am ericans. He led
marches and gave
fam ous speeches to help
change unfair laws.
Why do we rem em ber these heroes?
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell about a hero you have
learned about.
© Main Idea What makes someone a hero?
Activity Write two sentences about a

person that you think is a hero. Draw a
picture of that person.
... 253
Citizenship
Hero Dogs
W hat is fu rry w ith four
legs and is a h ero ? A guide
dog is a hero every day.
Young dogs go to school

to learn how to be guide
dogs fo r the blind.
The dog helps
the owner cross
a busy street.
G uide dogs a re heroes fo r the w o rk

they do. So a re th e ir ow ners who put
th eir lives in the ca re of these dogs.
Activities
1. Talk About It Why do you think
guide dogs are heroes?
2. Write It Make a list of other
dog heroes such as police dogs.
êac//
Compare Fact
and Fiction
► Vocabulary Made-up stories are
fiction fiction. Nonfiction books
nonfiction tell fa cts. A fa ct is
fact something true.
Learn the Skill
Step 1 Read the title of this

book. It is a biography.
Biographies are books
about real people.
Step 2 Look at the words and

Finally, on September 12, 1992,
pictures. The words tell Mae’s dream of flying into space came
true. For eight days, the crew of the
fa c ts about Mae Endeavour circled the Earth. Mae ran
scientific and medical experiments
about bones, weightlessness, and
Jem ison. The pictures motion sickness. All her years of study
had finally paid off.
show real women. 15
Step 3 Decide if this book is fiction or nonfiction.

W hat makes you think so?
• Unit 5
Apply Critical Thinking *
Practice the Skill
Look at the two books. Then follow the

directions.
O Choose the book that you think is fiction.

Tell why you think it is fiction.
Q Choose the book you think tells fa cts.

Explain why you think that book has fa cts.
Theodore Roosevelt:
Friend of t
Core
Lesson Symbols of
Our Country
► V ocabulary
symbol
Do you say the Pledge of
honor
Allegiance to the flag each day?
Reading Skill
Classify Stars and Stripes
Our flag is a symbol for our (**)
------------------------------------------------------- 'de.*
country. A symbol is a picture,
place, or thing that stands for
something else.
The American Flag
258 • Unit 5
The flag has red and white stripes. It has
50 stars, one for each state.
Uncle Sam is also a symbol. The first
letters of Uncle Sam are the sam e as in the
Symbols of Freedom
<oa//>
We honor symbols
^
of the (*k)
/de*.
United States to show that our

country is im portant to us. The
Liberty Bell and the bald eagle
are symbols of freedom .
The Liberty Beil
260 • Unit 5
The bald eagle
stands for a
strong country.
The Statue of Liberty is

a symbol of welcome
for our country.
C H S 3 5 I W hat symbols
have you seen?
261
Places As Symbols
if}
Places can be symbols (* )
'de*
too. Look at the map of
Washington, D.C. Find
buildings that are symbols.
The Lincoln Mertiorial honors
President Abraham Lincoln.
The Washington Monument
honors President George
The White H ou se is in
Washington.
W ashington , D.C.
Washington, D.C.
262 • Unit 5
The Lincoln Memorial is <*lso
in Washington, V.C.
faces of four past President!
JstM K B l Name a place that is a symbol

for our country.
Lesson Review
O Vocabulary Tell why we honor symbols of
our country.
© Main Idea Why does our country have

symbols?
i: ►Activity Write about three symbols you like.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- r 2 6 3
Make a Post Card
Pretend you visited the p laces shown on pages
260 to 263. Choose your fa v o rite sym bol. M ake
a post ca rd of th at sym bol.
Step 1: D raw a picture of a symbol on the c a rd .
Step 2: W rite your post ca rd to a frie n d .

W rite ab out the sym bol.
Step 3: W rite your frie n d ’s
264 • Unit 5
18JUL
ZOQfr
Hi Betty,
The Statue of
CITIZENSHIP
Betty Zimmer
Liberty wears a Mrs. Santiago’s Class
crown and carries Stone Elementary School
a torch. City, State OOOOO
Your friend,
Ava
Responsible Citizens
A. B.
Match the w ords to the co rrect picture above.
1. follow laws (page 230)
2. vote (page 246)

3. Why do we honor symbols of our country? (page 260)
4. How do people choose a President or a governor?

(page 247)
5. Why are some people called heroes? (page 250)
6. Why do we have elections? (page 247)
266 • Unit 5
Vocabulary
7. A community rule is called a
8. The flag is a of A. governor (page 238)

our country.
B. law (page 230)
9. The group of people chosen C. symbol (page 258)

to run a country is called D. President (page 239)
th e .
E. government
10. T h e is the leader (page 231)
of our country.
C *
\
Test Practice
11. The word election means
A. the leader of a state

B. someone who is a hero
C. a time when people vote
D. a symbol of our country
I J
Critical Thinking
Sum m arize
12. Why do governments need leaders?
267
13. Which numbered page is fiction?
14. Which page tells a fact?
Express Ideas in Writing

Think of someone who is a good leader from
your home, school, or country. Then answer
the question below.
15. Why do you think that person is a good

leader? Give at least two reasons why
you think so.
268 • Unit 5
/
CURRENT EVENTS
Unit Activity
Make a Hero Poster Current Events Project

Think of a hero in your Find out about heroes in
community. your community. Make
biography cards for
O Write the words My
Heroes in the News.
Hero on the top of a
paper.
© Write your hero’s

name. Draw pictures
and write
words to
show what T e c h n o lo g y _______
your hero Read articles about

current events at
has done. www.eduplace.com/kids/hmss/

Look for these Social Look for these books
Studies Independent at your library.
Books in your classroom. America is . . .
by Louise Borden
Martin's Big Words:
The Life of Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr.
by Doreen Rappoport
269
a Contents
Holiday Lessons
Columbus Day ..................... 271
Veterans Day ............ 272
Thanksgiving............................. 273
Martin Luther King, Jr. D a y ..................... 274
Presidents' D a y .............. 275
Memorial Day ..................... 276
Plsg Day . . . . . . . . ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ . ■ . . . a . . . 277
Independence D a y ..................... 278
(2 7 ° 2 H o lid a y s)
Columbus Day
Columbus D ay is named
for the explorer Christopher
Columbus.
In 1492, Columbus and his
men sailed in three ships
from Spain to North
A m erica. On Columbus Day
people rem em ber how the
voyage of Columbus changed
the world.
Walnut Shell Ship
1. Use paper and a toothpick to make

a sail.
2. Stick some clay into a walnut shell.

Stick the sail into the clay.
3. Sail your ship around the globe. Do

you know which w ay Columbus went?
•November •
Veterans Day
Veterans Day is a day to
honor people who have
fought in w ars.
Many veterans w ear
uniforms and march in
parades on Veterans Day.
People thank our veterans
for helping to keep our
country safe.
Thank You Posters
1. Make a poster to honor veterans.

You m ay want to d raw a picture
on your poster.
2. Write why we honor veterans

on your poster.
(2 7 2 • H o lid a y s)
Thanksgiving Day
On Thanksgiving Day, people
give thanks for all they have. A
time for Thanksgiving began with
the Pilgrims. They shared a feast
with the W am panoag.
Today many fam ilies celebrate
Thanksgiving Day by eating
turkey dinners. Fam iles share why
they are thankful.
Activity
Thankful Turkeys
1. Trace your hand onto colored

paper. Cut out the shape.
Write things you are thankful

for on each finger.
Color the turkey’s head.

Martin Luther
King, Jr. Day
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
w as a great leader. He believed
in peace and fairness for all
people.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
thought that some laws were
unfair to A frican Am ericans. He
worked hard to change the
unfair laws. He w as given a
special Peace Prize for his work.
I Activity
Make a Peace Prize
1. Think of someone you know

who helps other people.
2. Make a peace prize for

that person.
(2 7 4 • H olid ays)
february
mmmmm
mmmmm
Presidents' Day
On Presidents’ Day we honor two
great Presidents of the United States,
G eorge Washington and Abraham
Lincoln.
G eorge Washington
w as the first President
of the United States.
We rem em ber Abraham

Lincoln for keeping our
country together.
Make a Bookmark
1. Place a penny or a quarter face side up

Put tissue paper over the coin and
rub it with a colored pencil.
2. Glue your picture to a strip

of colored paper. Write
the President’s name.
Memorial Day
On Memorial Day, we
rem ember the people who
fought and died in United
States w ars.
On Memorial Day people
put flow ers and flag s on
statues and graves. Towns
and cities have parades.
Citizens honor the people
who fought for our country.
Memorial Day Wreath M -
1. Cut stars or flow er shapes For o 11 *

out of colored paper. Glue 1he 5ofefiers
Memorial £W t
on
them around a paper plate.
2. Write a message in the

center of your wreath.
( 2 7 6 • H o lid a y s)
• June
S |M IT IW IT IF IS "
Flag Day
■
On Flag Day, people

honor the United States flag.
Some communities have
parades and sing songs.
The flag stands for our
country. The fifty stars on
the flag stand for the fifty
states.
Stars and Stripes Pinwheel
1. Color a piece of paper with

stars and stripes. W hat colors
will you use?
2. Fold each corner into the middle

Tape the corners down. Attach
your pinwheel to a pencil.
July
S M IT |W I T IF IS
Independence Day
On July 4 we celebrate
our country’s birthday. Our
country w as born on July 4,
1776. People celebrate
Independence Day with
parades and picnics. Many
communities have firew o rks
at night.
United States Birthday Card
1. Fold a piece of paper in half.
2. Write a birthday message

for the United States.
(2 7 8 • H o lid a y s)
References
Citizenship Handbook
Our Flag.................................................... R2
Songs of Our Nation................................ R4
Character Traits .......................................R6
Resources
Geographic Terms....................................R8
Atlas......................................................... RIO
Picture Glossary.......................................R16
Index....................................................... R32
Credits/Acknowledgments..................... R40
Our Flag
Our Flag
How do you feel when you see the

American flag flying from a flag pole?
Have you ever tapped your feet to a
song about our country? Our country’s
flag and songs are w ays we show we
care about the United States.
When we respect the flag, we show

pride in the United States. There are
rules about how to care for the flag.
j®
w
The flag must never touch the ground.

The flag should be lit at night.
R2 • Citizenship Handbook
Our Motto
E a c h c o u n try ca n h a v e its ow n m o tto, o r

sa y in g . A m otto re m in d s p e o p le o f th in g s th a t a r e
im p o rta n t to th e ir co u n try . O u r c o u n try ’s m otto is
e pluribus unum. T h is m e a n s th a t A m e r ic a n s can
be v e r y d iffe r e n t fro m e a c h o th e r, but w e a ll
b elo n g to th e s a m e co u n try .
Some coins celebrate people or

events. The back of this nickel
celebrates the Louisiana Purchase.
Songs of Our Nation
There are many songs people sing to show
they love our country. The f,Star-Spangled
Banner” is our country’s song, or anthem .
"A m erica” and "God Bless A m e rica” are songs
that tell why we love our country.
The Star-Spangled Banner

by Francis Scott Key
Oh say can you see, by the dawn’s early light,

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the
perilous fight
O ’er the ram parts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets’ red glare, the bomb bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag w as still there.
O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O ’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
'TO"®*#-'*-- !•##' QfoV

<m/i,
* K i i ^ L ,-• *4j^j
"America"
by Samuel F. Smith
My country ftis of thee
Songs of Our Nation

Sw eet land of liberty,
O f thee I sing;
Land w here my fa th e rs died
Land of the Pilgrim s’ pride,
From every mountain side
Let freedom ring.
"God Bless America"

by Irving Berlin
God bless A m erica,

Land that I love,
Stand beside her and guide her
Through the night with a light from above
From the mountains, to the prairies,
To the oceans white with foam ,
God bless A m erica,
My home sweet home.
Character Traits
A character trait is what you see when
a person acts. A person who acts bravely
shows courage. Courage is a character
trait. Some character traits can help you
do your best now and when you get older.
Barbara Jordan
Fairness Barbara Jordan
was a lawmaker. She
worked to pass fair laws
for all the people
in our country.
Benjamin Franklin
Civic Virtue Benjamin
Franklin worked hard
to make the new
United States a place
where people were free
to live and work and
speak freely.
Courage means acting Patriotism is being
bravely. It takes courage proud of your country. It
to be honest. It takes means working to make
courage to tell the truth. the country a good
place to live.
Responsibility means Respect means listening

doing all your work. You to what other people
can count on people who want and believe.
show responsibility. They Showing respect for
will do all the things others helps everyone
they are asked to do. get along.
Fairness means acting Civic virtu e means

to make things fair for doing things to help
everyone. people in communities
live and work well
together.
Caring is helping others.

Listening to how other
people feel is also
caring.
Geographic Terms
Geographic Terms
forest
a large area of
land where many
trees grow
hill
A desert A island
a raised mass of
a dry area where land with water al
land, smaller than
few plants grow around it
a mountain
lake
a body of water
with land all
around it
R8 • R e so u rc e s
Geographic Terms
mountain peninsula river I
a steep m ass of land th a t sticks a larg e stream of
land, much higher out into w a te r w a te r th at runs
than the into a lake, o cean, |
plain
surrounding or a n o th e r river
a broad, fla t a re a
country
of land valley
low land betw een
plateau
m ountains or hills
an a re a of fla t
land th a t is higher
than the land
around it
▲ ocean
a sa lty body of
w ater covering a
large a re a of the
earth
Atlas The World
ARCTIC OCEAN
Atlas
A M E R IC A
UNITED STATES
PACIFIC
OCEAN ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Equator-
SOUTH
A M E R IC A
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
PACIFIC
OCEAN
R10 • Resources
Atlas
PACIFIC OCEAN
— — -
@ National Capital
National Boundary
0 400 800 kilom eters
0 400 800 miles

R12 • Resources
ARCTIC OCEAN
CANADA
ington, D.C. ATLANTIC

UNITED STA TES OCEAN
M EXICO
The United States
w ALASKA
500 kilom e te rs
W A SH IN G TO N
MONTANA
A t la s
OREGO N
IDAHO
W Y O M IN G
NEVADA
UTAH
C O LO RA D O
West
C A LIFO RN IA
South
A R IZ O N A NEW
M EXICO
National Capital
National Boundary
State Boundary
H AW AII
200 kilom eters
R14 • R e so u rc e s
X 6
NEW
HAM PSHIRE
VERM ONT MAINE
M ASSACHUSETTS,
Atlas
RTH
:o t a
M INNESOTA
NEW
YORK
)UTH WISCONSIN V RHODE

KO T A M ICHIGAN
\ ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
P EN N S Y LV A N IA
NEW
IO W A JE R S E Y
OHIO
3RASKA -DELAW ARE
IN D IAN A W EST
ILLINOIS -Washington, D.C.
IRGINI
M A R Y LA N D
VIR G IN IA
MISSOURI
:a n s a s KENTUCKY
NORTH
C A R O LIN A
TEN N ESSEE
SOUTH
C A R O LIN A
O K LA H O M A
ARKANSAS
ALABAM A G E O R G IA
MISSISSIP
fEXAS
LO U ISIA N A
FLO RID A
125 250 kilom eters
250 miles
Picture Glossary
☆
American Indians
A m erican In d ia n s w ere the first
people to live in N orth A m e rica ,
(page 184)
The C herokee is one group of
American Indians.
Picture Glossary
buyer
A buyer is a person who p ays money
fo r goods or se rvice , (page 160)
This buyer p ays fo r food.
☆
calendar
A ca le n d a r is a c h a rt that shows
d ays, w eeks, months, and ye a rs,
(page 34)
People use a calendar to help them
rem em ber special d ays.
R16 • Resources
citizen
A citizen is a person who belongs
to a p lace, (page 111)
You a re a citizen of the country
w here you live.
city
A city is a place w here m any people
live close to one another, (page 102)
A city can have m any tall buildings.
Picture Glossary
communication
The w a y people share news and ideas,
(page 216)
Sign language is one kind of
communication.
community
A com m unity is a place w here people
live and w o rk together, (page 54)
A town is a community th a t has
homes, stores, and schools.
compass rose
N
A com pass rose is a symbol th at
shows the direction fo r north, south,
e a s t, and west, (page 166)
A compass rose helps people find
places on a m ap.
R17
continent
A continent is a very large area
of land, (page 76)
North America is the continent where
we live.
cost
The cost is the amount of money
that is needed to buy something,
(page 144)
How much does the pencil cost?
country
A country is land where people live
under one government, (page 60)
The United States is the country
where you live.
distance
Distance is the amount of space
lip
between two points, (page 108)
It is a short distance between the
home and the bakery.
R18 • Resources
☆
education
Things people learn, such as math,
history, and reading is called
education, (page 205)
Children go to school to get
an education.
election
Picture Glossary
An election is a time when citizens
vote, (page 247)
In an election, people can vote for
government leaders.
☆
fact
A fact is something that is true.
(page 256)
It is a fact that Abraham Lincoln was
a past President.
factory
A factory is a place where workers
use machines to make goods.
(page 154)
Orange juice is made in a factory.
R19
~ ...
family
A family is a group of people who
care about each other, (page 26)
This family shares a meal.
fiction
Fiction is a type of story that is not
real, (page 256)
Dog’s Party is a fiction book.
Picture Glossary
future
The future is time after today.
(page 178)
Tomorrow, next week, and next year
are all time in the future.
1ST
globe
A globe is a model of Earth, (page 80)
The globe shows Earth’s continents
and oceans.
goods
Goods are things we buy or use.
(page 139)
A bakery sells goods such as rolls
and breads.
R20 • Resources
government
Government is the group of people
who run a community, state, or
country, (page 231)
People who work in government
make laws.
governor
A governor is the leader of state
government, (page 238)
Picture Glossary
Who is the governor of your state?
☆
harvest
A harvest is the crops that are ready
to be gathered, (page 195)
The Pilgrims were thankful for a
good harvest.
hero
A hero is a person who does
something brave or who works hard
to help others, (page 250)
Martin Luther King, Jr. was a hero.
R21
history
History is the story of what happened
in the past, (page 177)
We learn about people who lived long
ago when we read history.
honor
Honor means to show that someone
or something is important to us.
(page 260)
Picture Glossary
We honor our country when we say

the "Pledge of Allegiance.11
i t
invention
An invention is a new tool or way of
doing something, (page 209)
The car was a great invention.
job
A job is work that must get done,
(page 37)
Hanging up my coat is a job.
R22 • Resources
IV
lake
A lake is a body of water that has
land all around it. (page 85)
A lake can be a good place to swim
or ride a boat.
law
A law is a community rule, (page 230)
Picture Glossary
It is a law that cars must stop at a
k • A stop sign.
A
leader
A leader is a person who is in charge
of a group of people, (page 44)
A principal is the leader of a school.
★
machine
A machine is an object that does
work for people, (page 160)
A machine can sort raisins.
R23
map
A map is a drawing of a place that
shows a view from above, (page 42)
The map shows where the park is.
map key
/ ^ N The map key is the set of symbols
mountains found on a map. (page 52)
river This map key shows the symbol for
Picture Glossary
V J
river.
mayor
The mayor is the leader of a city or
town government, (page 238)
The mayor visited our school.
mountain
A mountain is land that is higher than
all the land around it. (page 82)
Mt. McKinley is the highest mountain
in our country.
R24 • Resources
☆
natural resource
A natural resource is something in
nature that people use. (page 88)
Water is a very important natural
resource for our lives.
needs
Needs are the things people must <
Picture Glossary
have to live, (page 130)
Homes are needs for all people.
neighbors
People who live near each other are
called neighbors, (page 116)
Jam al has many nice neighbors.
☆
ocean
Pacific
An ocean is a large body of salty
Ocean water, (page 75)
The Pacific Ocean is the world’s
largest ocean.
R25
☆
past
The past is the time that happened
before today, (page 176)
In the past, you were a baby.
Picture Gronh
picture graph
j Student Name Family Members
A graph that uses pictures to show
Picture Glossary
H eathe r m m m numbers of things is a picture graph,

B o b b ie
(page 150)
A picture graph can show who has
the most people in their family.
plain
A plain is a large, flat land area,
(page 83)
A plain can be grassy.
present
The present is the time that is
happening today, (page 176)
In the present, you are in first grade.
R26 • Resources
President
The President is the leader of the
United States government, (page 239)
George Washington was the first
President of our country.
☆
responsibility
A responsibility is a duty to do
Picture Glossary
something, (page 245)
One responsibility a citizen has is to
obey laws.
■
right
Something you are free to do is called
a right, (page 244)
Citizens of our country have the right
to speak freely.
river
A river is a body of fresh water that
moves across the land, (page 84)
The Missouri River is the longest river
in our country.
R27
i tuMiAiHh mu pc rule
I PLAYGROUND RULES
I A rule is a statement or an idea that
■ G Sit on slide
* O Sit on swings i
O No dogs here
tells people what they must do. (page
43)
Sit on the slide is a playground rule.
☆
save
To save means to put away and keep,
Picture Glossary
(page 147)
Many people save money in a bank.
season
A season is a time of year with its
own weather, (page 97)
Winter is usually the coldest season.
sell
To sell means to trade goods or
services for money, (page 138)
Farmers can sell the food they grow
to people who live in cities.
seller
A seller is a person who has goods
or services that others can buy.
(page 160)
This seller has many pets for sale.
R28 • Resources
services
Jobs people do to help others are
called services, (page 139)
A doctor gives many health services.
settlers
People who come to live in a new
place are called settlers, (page 191)
The Pilgrims were settlers in a new
land.
Picture Glossary
Ohio
state
A state is a larger community made
up of cities, suburbs, and towns,
(page 110)
Ohio is a state in our country.
suburb
A suburb is a town that is close to a
city, (page 103)
Many people who live in a suburb
work in the city.
symbol
A symbol is a picture, place, or thing
that stands for something else.
(page 258)
Uncle Sam is a symbol of our country.
R29
☆
timeline
A timeline shows when events
happened, (page 182)
A timeline can show the big events in
your life.
town
A community that is smaller than a
Picture Glossary
city is called a town, (page 103)

A town has fewer homes and schools
than a city.
transportation
Ways to move people and things from
place to place is called
transportation, (page 208)
A train is one kind of transportation.
☆
volunteers
Volunteers are people who choose to
work for no money, (page 139)
Joan and Charles are volunteers who
help paint houses.
R30 • Resources
vote
When you vote, you make a choice,
(page 246)
When citizens are 18 years old, they
can vote for government leaders.
☆
wants
Wants are things people would like to
have, (page 132)
Having many, many toys are wants a
child might have.
weather
Weather is what the air outside is like,
(page 96)
Clouds are part of weather.
worker
A person who does a job is called a
worker, (page 152)
A factory worker makes goods.
R31
Page numbers with m
Index
also Critical thinking, 135 Canada, 116 -12 1
after them refer to maps. comparing fact and Canada Day, 120
Page numbers in italics fiction, 256-257 flag of, 120
refer to pictures.
comparing points of view, immigration from, 62
214-215, 224
Caring, See Character traits
expressing ideas in
☆ writing, 234-235
Cause and Effect, 263, 60,
88, 152
Activities, See also Current making a decision,
Celebrations, See also
events projects 136 -137
Holidays
act it out, 181 reading graphs, 150 -151
Canada Day, 120
communication, 33, 51, resolving conflict, 200-201
harvest, 195
59, 79, 87, 107, 12 1, 135, showing order on a
143, 165, 189, 213, 221, Mexican Independence
timeline, 182-183
241, 243, 249, 255 Days, 120
Antarctica, 77m, R IO -R llm
Thanksgiving, 195, 273
craft, 41, 69, 79, 91, 93, Anthem, national, R4
125, 171, 195, 207, 225, Chang, Sarah, 156
Anthony, Susan B., 251
243, 269, 271, 273, 274, Change, See also History
275, 276, 277 Asia, 77m, R IO -R llm
city growth, 106-107
drawing, 29, 39, 47, 63, 65, Atlanta, Georgia, 98
communication, 217-219
85, 99, 101, 119, 121, 141, Atlantic Ocean, 83
education, 204-205
147, 155, 161, 179, 181, Atlas, R10-R15m
187, 205, 207, 2 11, 219, family life, 192-193
Augustus, Caesar, 247
231, 241, 272, 278 immigration, 60-65,
Australia, 77m, R IO -R llm 190-191
model building, 107
Autumn, 97, 99, 188-189 laws, 251-253
Index
research, 59, 69, 101, 125,

17 1, 199, 225, 269 transportation, 2 10 -2 11
writing, 33, 51, 65, 77, 87, Character traits, 59, 87,
93, 105, 113 , 133, 143, ☆ 143, 156-157, 243, R6-R7
147, 161, 165, 189, 199, Bald eagle, as symbol, Charts
205, 2 11, 213, 233, 247, 260-261 calendar, 34-35, 68
255, 263, 272
Banking, 147-149 continents and oceans,77
Address, global, 125
Bell, Alexander Graham, family life long ago and
Africa, 77m, 13 1, RlO -RU m 218 today, 192-193
Alaska, 82m Beyers, Catherine, 55 goods and services, 140
“America,” R5 Bujones, Fernando, 157 immigration chart, 62
American Indians, 184-189, Brazil, 61m laws, 230
19 1,19 3 -19 5
Buyer, 160 See also laws every day, 232-233
Cherokee Nation, 184-185, Economics
187-189 natural resources, 94-95
Chumash Peoples, school tools, 204
184-187 things people need, 13 1
Sacagawea, 250 ☆ Chavez, Cesar, 252
Wampanoag Peoples, 191, Calendar, 34-35, 68 Cherokee Peoples, 184-187
193-195, 273 California, 86, 112, 159, territory map, 185
Analytical reasoning, See 186,220 China, 62m
R32 • Resources
Current events projects
Choices Cleopatra, 241 Continents, 72, 76m, 77, 131

making decisions, 134-137 Clothing chart, 77, 13 1
saving money, 147-149 dressing for the weather, map, 76m
spending money, 132-135, 98 Cost, 144
144, 146 need, as a 13 0 -13 1 comparing, 15 0 -15 1, 170
voting, 246-249 past and present, 192-193 Courage, See Character
Christelow, Eileen, 248 Cloud, Rosemary, 55, 58-59 traits
Chumash Peoples, 184-187 Columbus, Christopher, 271 Critical thinking
rock art, 186 Columbus Day, 271 comparing and
territory map, 185m Communication, 175 contrasting, 67, 169
Citizen, 111 activities, 33, 51, 59, 79, comparing fact and
87, 107, 12 1, 135, 143, fiction, 256-257
responsibilities, 245, 266
165, 189, 213, 221, 241, comparing points of view,
rights, 244
243, 249, 255 214 -215, 224
voting, 229, 246-249
compare points of view, decision making, 134-137
Citizenship features 214-215, 224 determining cause and
helping hands, 40-41 history of, 216-222 effect, 123
hero dogs, 254-255 inventions, 217-219 expressing ideas in
laws every day, 232-233 sign language, 216 writing, 234-235
make a passport, 1 14 - 115 Community, 25, 54 resolving conflict, 200-201
make a postcard, 264-265 buildings, 236-237 sequencing events, 223
Citizenship skills citizen of, 1 1 1 showing order on a
compare points of view, city, 102, 104-107 timeline, 182-183
214-215, 224 summarizing, 267
goods and services,
make decisions, 136 -137 140-141 Cuba, 62
solve conflicts, 200-201 government, 228, 231 Culture
City, 102, 104-107 growth of, 106-107 art, 186
Civic identity helpers, 55-57, 231 comparison, 117 - 12 1
citizen, 1 1 1 , 1 14 - 115 immigration and, 60-63 exchange, 63
community, 54-59 institutions, 57 holidays, 120, 195,
country, 110 - 12 1 271-278
jobs, 55-59
family, 22-24, 26-29 literature, 30-33, 162-165,
laws, 230-233
flag, 229 188-189, 196-199
leaders, 228, 238
neighbors, 116 -12 1 Current events projects
suburban, 103
school, 36-41 heroes in the news cards,
town, 103-105 269
Civic understanding Compare and Contrast, 44, history in the news
government, 228, 234, 236 74, 82, 116, 130, 176, 190, puppets, 225
government leaders, 228, 202
people in the news report,
236, 238-243 Compass rose, 166-167, 170 69
laws, 230-233 reading direction on, 1 1 1 , places in the news poster,
points of view, 214 -215 117 , 170, 191, 262 125
Classify, 54, 102, 138 Conflict, resolve a, 200-201 service jobs chart, 171
Classroom Constitution of the United
responsibility, 36-39 States, 242
rules, 234-235
Decision making
seller, 160 Family History Day,

☆ Education, 202-207
Egypt, 241
180-181
Farm, 104-105
Decision making, 134-137 Fiction, 256-257
Election, 247-249
voting, 246-249 Fisher, Aileen, 70
England, 191
Declaration of F la g
Europe, 77m
Independence, 240
Exchange care, manners, R2
Democracy
buying and selling, national, 12 0 -12 1
responsibilities and, 245
160-161 symbol, 229, 258-259
rights and, 244, 266
communication and, Flag Day, 277
voting and, 246-249 215-221 Florida, 98, 112 , 159
Determination, 142 food distribution, 158-159 Flow chart
of heroes, 250-255 goods and services, needs and wants, 168
Distance, near and far, 138-143, 153
orange juice production,
108-109 immigration, 60-65, 160-161
Draw conclusions, 230 190-191
Folktales, Stone Soup,
points of view, 214 -215 162-165
trading, 145 Food
☆ distribution, 158-159
Earth, 70, 74-81 need, as a, 13 0 -13 1
globe of, 74, 80-81 preparation past and
lakes, 85 Fact, 256 present, 192-193
land formations, 82-83 Factory, 129, 154-155 production, 160-161
maps, See Maps Fairness, See Character Franklin, Benjamin, R6
model, 74, 80-81 traits Future
Index
natural resources, 88-95 Fair play relationship to past and

comparing points of view, present, 178-179
oceans, 70, 75, 77-79
214-215, 224 timeline, 178-179
rivers, 84-85
weather, 96-101 following rules, 46
Economics laws and, 230-233,
banking, 147-149
251-253 T£T
voting, 229, 246-249, 251
buyer, 160 Geographic Terms, R8-R9
Fall, 97, 99, 188-189
buying, 144-146 Geography, See also Map
Family, 22-24, 26-29 and globe skills; Maps
cost, 144
history, 178-18 1 kinds of communities,
food cost, 150 -151
immigration, 60-65, 102-105m
food distribution, 158-159 190-191 landforms, 82-83m
goods and services, life past and present,
138-143 natural resources, 88-95
192-193
needs and wants, 130-135 Pacific Ocean, 78-79
needs of, 13 0 -13 1, 133
products from trees, Pony Express, 220-221m
Pilgrim, 193-199
92-93 water, bodies of, 84-85m
spending choices, 132,
saving money, 129, 144, 146 weather, 96-100m
147-149
Wampanoag, 192-193
scarcity, 130, 134-135
R34 • Resources
Individual responsibility
Georgia, schools, 202-205

Atlanta, 99m ☆ settlers, 191
transportation, 64-65,
Cherokee Nation, 184-185,
187-189 Hands-On Activities, 29, 39, 208-211, 222
41, 47, 57, 63, 69, 79, 85, Wampanoag, 191, 193
geography, 111m
91, 99, 113 , 119, 125, 141,
people, 55, 58-59 147, 155, 161, 17 1, 179, weather, 100-101
Germany, 62 187, 195, 205, 207, 2 11, Holidays
Global address, 125 219, 231, 241, 243, 253 Canada Day, 120
Globe, 74, 80-8lm Helping Hands Tree, Columbus Day, 271
Globe and map skills 40-41 Flag Day, 277
compare globes and Make a Passport, 1 14 - 115 Independence Day, 278
maps, 80-81, 124m Harvest, 195 Martin Luther King, Jr.
compare pictures and Hawaii, 142-143 Day, 274
maps, 42-43m Helping Memorial Day, 276
find near and far, classroom, in the, 37 Mexican Independence
108-109m community, in the, 55-57, Days, 120
read a map key, 52-53m, 231 Presidents’ Day, 275
68m family, in the, 26-29 Thanksgiving Day, 273
use a compass rose, heroes and, 250-255 United States, 120,
166-167m, 172m 271-278
volunteering, 139
Goods, 128, 139, 140 Veterans Day, 272
We Help Song, 40
distribution of, 158-159m Honesty, See also
Heroes, 250-255
factory produced, Character traits (R6-R7),
History, 174, 177
154-155 142
American Indians,
food production, 160-161 Honor, 260
184-189, 191, 250
services and, 138-143, 153
city growth, 106-107
trading, 145
communication
Government, 228, 231, 236 inventions, 217-219 ☆
buildings, 236-237 early settlers, 191, Illinois, 98, 113
leaders, 228, 236, 238-243 193-199 Immigration, 60-65,
Governor, 238 education, 202-207 190-192
Graphs family, 178-181 chart, 62
communication Family History Day, Independence Day
inventions timeline, 218 180-181 Canada, 120
Pilgrim’s Harvest heroes in ,250-253 Mexico, 121
Timeline, 224 hornbooks, 206-207 United States, 121, 278
skill, read a picture graph, immigration, 64-65 India, 62
150 -151, 170
invention, 209-211 Indian Ocean, 77
skill, use a timeline,
living conditions, 192-193 Inventions, 209-219
182-183
past, 176 Individual responsibility
transportation inventions
timeline, 210 past Presidents, 228, 240, classroom, 36-39
242-243, 262, 275 dressing for the weather,
Great Britain, 62
Pilgrims, 191 98
Great Lakes, 85m
Pony Express, 220-221m family, 22-24, 26-29
researching, 177 following rules, 46
Inventions
saving natural resources, past, 240-243 Main Idea and Details, 26,
90-91 for rights, 251-252 110, 144
spending choices, 132, rules and, 44-47 Map and globe skills
144, 146 compare globes and
voting for, 247-249
Inventions, 209 maps, 80-81m, 124m
Lenski, Lois, 126
communication, 217-219 compare pictures and
Liberty Bell, 260
transportation, 2 10 -2 11 maps, 42-43m
Lincoln, Abraham, 228, 240,
Italy, 62 262, 275 find near and far,
108-109m, 124m
Lincoln Memorial, 262-263
picture map, 104-105m
it Literature
Jingle Dancer, 30-33
read a map key 52-53m,
68m
Jefferson, Thomas, 240 “Moon of Falling Leaves,” use a compass rose,
Jemison, Mae, 256 188-189 166-167m, 170m
Jordan, Barbara, R6 “Rush Hour,” 2 12 -2 13 Map key, 43, 52-53, 68,
Jingle Dancer, Read Aloud Saturday Escape, 48-51 104-105, 108-109, 117 ,
Literature, 30-33 Stone Soup, 162-165 167, 170, 262
Jobs Tattered Sails, 196-199 Maps
community, 55-59, 140 Vote, 248-249 atlas, R10-R15m
factory, 154-155 Location Canada, United States,
school, 37, 40 Canada, 116 -119 and Mexico R12-R13m
service, 58-59, 138-143, city, 102, 104-107 direction on, 111m, 117m,
153, 171 166-167m, 170m, 191m,
compass direction, 262m
types, 152-157 \66-167m, 170m
drawing, 119
earth, 70, 74-81
pictures and, 42-43m
I^
global address, 125
Index
reading, 25m, 43m, 53m,

globe, on a, 80-81
61m, 68m, 75m, 76m,
Kay, Verla, 196 land formations, 82-83 82m, 83m, 85m, 99m,
Key, Francis Scott, 226 Mexico, 116 -119 104-105m, 117m, 124m,
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 253, needs relative to, 13 1 143m, 159m, 185m, 191m,
274 220-22lm, 262m
neighbors, 116 -12 1
symbols on, 43m, 52-53m,
seasons and, 73, 97-99
68m, 104-105m,
state, 110
it suburb, 103
108-109m, 117m, 167m,
170m, 262m
Lakes, 85, 1 1 2 - 1 1 3 town, 103-105 United States, R14-R15m
Lam, Thanh, 142-143 water formations, 84-85 world, R IO -R llm
Land formations, 82-83 weather and, 96-99 Massachusetts, 61
United States, 1 1 2 - 1 1 3 Los Angeles, California, 98 Mayflower, route map,
Laws, 230-233 Loomis, Christine, 212 191m
changing, 251-253 Mayor, 238
Constitution and, 242
voting and, 246-247
Leaders, 24, 44-47, 236
★ Memorial Day, 276
Mexico, 116 - 12 1
flag, 121
Machine, 160-161
government, 228, 236, immigration, 62
Mahoney, Daniel J., 48-51
238-243 Independence Days, 121
R36 • Resources
Regions
Mississippi River, 84 soil, 89 Present, 176

Models trees, 92-93, 95, 160-161 President, 228, 239-243
building, 107 water, 73, 95 Presidents’ Day, 275
globe, 74, 80-81 wood, 88-89, 92-93, 95 Problem solving, See also
map, 42-43 Nebraska, 83m Analytical reasoning;
Critical thinking, 135
Money Needs, 13 0 -13 1, 133
comparing points of view,
comparing cost, 15 0 -15 1, chart, 13 1, 168
214-215, 224
170 Neighbor, 116
making decisions, 134-137
earning, 138-143 New York, 113
resolving conflict, 200-201
saving, 129, 147-149 Nonfiction, 256-257
Projects, current event, 69,
spending choices, North America, 76, 125, 173, 225, 269
132-135, 144, 146-147 R12-R13m
Months, 34, 68
“Moon of Falling Leaves,”
f t
188-189 f t
Motto, United States, R2 Readers’ Theater
Oceans, 70, 75, 77 A Scarcity of Scissors,
Mountain, 72, 82, 112,
R8-R9 chart, 77 134-135
Mount McKinley, 82 map, 75 Family History Day,
Pacific, 78-79 180-181
Mount Rushmore, 263
United States borders, 112 Reading skills
Moving
Order classify, 36, 54, 102, 138,
to new homes, 60-65, 184, 258
190-191 first, next, last, 182-183
on a timeline, 182-183 compare and contrast, 44,
past and present, 64-65
67, 74, 82, 116, 130, 176,
Muir, John, 86-87 190, 202
Index
Musa, Mansa, 241 compare fact and fiction,
Music, See also Songs. f t 256-257, 268
career, musician and Pacific Ocean, 77, 78-79 determine cause and
dancer, 156 Passport, United States, effect, 60, 88, 96, 123, 152
--
114 - 115 express ideas in writing,
★ Past, 176-177 234-235, 268

Patriotism, See Character identify main idea and
traits. details, 26, 110, 144, 236,
Native Americans, 184-189, 244
191 Philippines, 62
Reading strategies
Cherokee Nation, 184-185, Picture graph, 15 0 -15 1, 170
monitor and clarify, 129,
187-189 Pilgrims, 191, 193-199, 273
175
Chumash Peoples, Mayflower route, 191m
predict and infer, 25, 73,
184-187 Places, See also Location. 229
Sacagawea, 250 Plains, 83 question, 229
Wampanoag Peoples, 191, Pledge of Allegiance, summarize, 25, 73, 129,
193-195, 273 38-39 175
Natural resources, 73, 88 Point of view, 214-215, 224 Regions
coal, 90 Poland, 62 mountain, 82
oil, 90 Pony Express, 220-221 plain, 83
saving, 90-91, 123 route, 220-221m
R37
Research
Research Saving use a compass rose, 166
activities, 59, 69, 101, 125, money, 129, 147-149 167m, 170m
17 1, 199, 225, 269 natural resources, 90-91, Reading skills
methods, 177 123 classify, 36, 54, 102, 138,
Resources, 73, 88 Scarcity, 130, 134-135 184, 258
See Economics. compare and contrast,
coal, 90 44, 67, 74, 82, 116,
oil, 90 School 130, 176, 190, 202
saving, 90-91, 123 leaders, 44, 45 compare fact and
trees, 92-93, 95, 160-161 past and present, fiction, 256-257, 268
204-205, 222 determine cause and
water, 73, 95 effect, 60, 88, 96,
rules, 44-47
wood, 88-89, 92-93, 95 123,152
settlers, 202-207 express ideas in writing,
Respect, See also Character
traits Seasons, 73, 97-99 234-235, 268
in the classroom, 36-37 Seller, 160 See also identify main idea and
Economics. details, 26, 110, 144,
for country, 38-39
Sentence, 235 236, 244
for leaders, 44-47
Sequence, Noting, 216 Smith, Cynthia Leitich,
for natural resources, 30-33
90-91 Services, 128, 139, 140
Songs
for neighbors, 116 -12 1 goods and, 138-143, 153
“America,” R5
for rules, 45-47 jobs, 138-143, 153, 171
“God Bless America,” R5
Responsibility, See also trading, 145
“Spell Song,” 172
Character traits; Settlers, 174, 191, 193-197
Individual Responsibility, “Star-Spangled Banner,
education, 202-207
245, 266 The,” R4
Shelter
Rights, 244 “We Help Song,” 40
need, as a, 13 0 -13 1
Spell Song, 172
Index
leaders for, 251-252

past and present, 192-193
Rivers, 84-85, 113 Spring, 97, 99
Sierra Nevada, 112
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 252 State, 110 - 113
Skills,
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, buildings, 236-237
Citizenship skills
240 citizenship, 1 1 1
compare points of view,
Rules, 45-47, 234-235 214-215, 224 leaders, 236, 238
laws, 230-233 make decisions, 136-137 maps, 82, 83, 159
voting and, 246-247 solve conflicts, 200-201 Statue of Liberty, 261,
“Rush Hour,” 212-213 Graph and chart skills 264-265
Rushmore, Mount, 263 read a picture graph, Stone Soup, 162-165
15 0 -15 1, 170 Suburb, 103
use a timeline, 182-183
Summarize, See also
ir Map and globe skills
compare globes and
Reading strategies.
Sacagawea, 250 maps, 80-81, 124m Summer, 73, 97, 99
San Francisco, California, compare pictures and Symbols, 229, 258
102 maps, 42-43m of freedom, 260-261
find near and far, 108— map, 43, 52-53, 68,
Safety, 231-233 109m, 124m
Saturday Escape, The, 104-105, 108-109, 117 ,
Picture Map, 104-105m 167, 170, 262
48-51 read a map key, 52-53,
68m places as, 262-265
R38 • Resources
Yosemite Valley
United States, 258-259

weather, 96
if if
Uncle Sam, 259 Wampanoag Peoples, 191,
193-195, 273
☆ United States, 110 - 115
anthem, 226, R4 Wants, 132-133
Tattered Sails, Literature, citizen, 1 1 1 Washington, D.C., 236-237
196-199 Washington, George,
Constitution, 242
Teachers, as leaders, 44, 45 242-243, 262, 275
Declaration of
Thanksgiving Day, 195, 273 Independence, 240 Washington Monument,
Thinking skills 262
flag, 121, 229, 258-259, R2
compare fact and fiction, Water formations
heroes, 250-253
256-257, 268 lakes, 85
holidays, 271-278
express ideas in writing, oceans, 70, 75, 77-79
234-235, 268 immigrants, 62
rivers, 84-85
Time, See also History; Independence Day, 121,
278 United States, 1 1 2 - 1 1 3
Timeline
land and water, 82-87, Weather
autumn, 188-189
112 -113 definition of, 96-99
calendar, 34-35, 68
map, R 14-R 15 dressing for, 98
future, 178-179
motto, R3 old sayings, 100
harvest, 195
neighbors, 116 - 12 1 reports, 100-101
months, 34
passport, 774-115 seasons and, 97-99
past, 176-177
Pledge of Allegiance, symbols, 96
present, 176 38-39 West, Skip, 22
rush hour, 2 12 -2 13 President, 228, 239-243 White House, 237, 262
seasons, 73, 224
Index
states, 110, 1 1 2 - 1 1 3 Winter, 97, 99
Timeline symbols, 258-263 Wisconsin, 55
communication
inventions, 218-219 Wood, 88-89, 92-93
Work
individual, 182-183
past, present, future,
if to fill needs, 13 1
178-179 Veterans Day, 272 types of jobs, 152-157
seasons, 224 Vocabulary, 38, 61, 75, 76, Wright, Orville and Wilbur,
transportation inventions, 104, 1 1 1 , 11 7 209
210-211 Volcanoes, 79
Town, 103-107 Volunteers, 139
Trading, goods and Vote, 229, 246-249 if
services, 145 Susan B. Anthony and, Yosemite Valley, 86
Transportation, 175 251
comparing, 214-215, 222
early, 208-211
Trees, products from,
92-93, 95, 160-161
Tubman, Harriet, 251
R39
Acknowledgments
A cknow ledgm ents Corbis; (inset) Dynamic Graphics, Inc/Creatas. 66 Rubberball Photo Edit; (I) Richard Hutchings/Photo Edit. 216 Jeff Green
Excerpt from "A Family is a Fam ily," by Skip West. Productions/Getty Images. 70-71 B.S.P.I./Corbis. 72 (r) Jim berg/Photo Edit. 217 Jaqui Hurst/Corbis. 218 (b) ©HMCo./
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West, ewest@stny.rr.com. (r) Phoebe Dunn/Stock Connection/PictureQuest. 77 (I) Adal- + Starr/lmagebank/Getty Images. 219 (c) Tom Wagner/
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London. Used by permission of Philomel Books, a division
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by permission of Boyds Mills Press, Inc., A Highlights
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Andreasen. Text copyright © 2001 by Verla Kay Bradley. 141 (cl) Kevin Dodge/Masterfile; (tr) Corbis. 142 Craig Koji- Maroon/Folio Inc.
Illustrations copyright © 2001 by Dan Andreasen. Used by ma. 143 (t) Natalie Fobes/Getty Images. 146 (b) Ariel
A ssig nm en t P hotog rap hy
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by Eileen Christelow. Reprinted by permission of Houghton
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Acknowledgments
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visit M d m s & s m M a m

HOUGHTON M IFFLIN BOSTON

Senior Author Dr. Cheryl Jennings

Dr. Sarah Witham Dr. Mark C. Schug

Dr. Carlos E. Cortes Dr. Charles S. White

The United States has honored the Louisiana Purchase and

Charlene Cook Kay Lewis Kerri Seid

Judy Jolly Anne Luckey Elizabeth Simon

© 2 0 0 5 H oughton Mifflin Com pany. All rights reserved.

Printed in the U.S.A.

► Reading Social Studies . . . . .

Social Studies: Why It Matters

Core Fam ily 26

^ Graph and Chart Skill Read a Calendar 34

Core In Your Classroom 36

Map and Globe Skill Compare Pictures and M aps 42

Core Leaders and Rules 44

Map and Globe Skill Read a Map Key 52

Core M oving to N ew Hom es 60

Unit 1 Review Current Events P r o j e c t .................... 66

M ap and Globe Skill Compare Globes and Maps 80

Core O ur Land, O ur W ater 82

Core N atural Resources 88

Graph and Chart Skill Read a Chart 94

Core W eath e r and Seaso ns 96

Core City, Tow n, Suburb 102

M ap and Globe Skill Find Near and Far 108

Core O ur C ou ntry 110

Core O u r Country's N eighbors 116

Unit 2 Review Current Events Project 122

Core Needs and W ants 130

Citizenship Skill Make a Decision 136

Core G oods and Services 138

Core Buy, Trade, and Save 144

Graph and Chart Skill Read a Graph 150

Core All Kinds of Jobs 152

Core G etting Food to M arket 158

Map and Globe Skill Use a Com pass Rose 166

Unit 3 Review ® Current Events Project ............. 168

Core Learning A b o u t th e Past 176

Graph and Chart Skill Use a Timeline 182

Core The First A m erican s 184

Core Fam ily Life Past and Present 190

Citizenship Skill Solve a Conflict 200

Core G oing to School Long A go 202

Core M oving People and Things 208

Citizenship Skill Compare Points of View 214

Core Sharing N ew s and Ideas 216

Unit 4 Review (2^ Current Events Project 222

Core People Need Law s 230

Reading and Thinking Skill Express Ideas in Writing 234

Core G o vern m en t and Leaders 236

Core Citizens 244

Core Heroes in O ur C ou ntry 250

Reading and Thinking Skill Compare Fact and Fiction 256

Core Sym bols of O ur Country 258

Unit 5 Review © Current Events P r o je c t ........................... 266

Character Traits...................... R6-R7

Geography Glossary R8-R9

Atlas ........................ R10-R15

Picture G lo ssa ry ............ R16-R31

Explore big ideas i n ----

Get ready for reading.

Each unit opens with a -•Vocabulary Preview