The Flow of Energy in

Ecosystem
CHAPTER 4
What is Photosynthesis?
- Photosynthesis is the process by
which plants use sunlight, water,
and carbon dioxide to create
oxygen and energy in the form of
sugar.
Where does Photosynthesis
takes place?
 LIGHT DEPENDENT LIGHT INDEPENDENT
(CALVIN CYCLE)

- requires photons from light - does not require light

- takes place in between thylakoids - takes place in the stroma

- uses light and water to produce - uses carbon dioxide and NADPH
oxygen and 2 energy carrying to produce carbohydrate or sugar.
molecules:

● ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate-

energy currency of the cell)
● NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen)
What is
Photophosphorylation?
- is the process in which light energy is used
from photosynthesis to convert adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate
(ATP). It is the process in which the energy-rich
ATP molecules are synthesized by the transfer
of the phosphate group to the ADP molecule
during the presence of sunlight.
CYCLIC
- is a process that results in the movement
of the electrons in a cyclic way to
synthesize the ATP molecules. In this
process, the plant cells convert ADP to
ATP to gain immediate energy for their
cells.
NON-CYCLIC
- is a process that results in the movement
of the electrons in a non-cyclic way to
synthesize the ATP molecules by using the
energy from the excited electrons that are
provided by Photosystem II.
CALVIN CYCLE
- The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma
of the chloroplast.
- It is divided into three phases.
CALVIN CYCLE