Volume 1

A-1/B-1 Organizing things into Categories 6

A-2 Solids, Liquids, and Gases and Change with Temperature 6

Lesson 1 Identification of Solids, Liquids, and Gases 6
Lesson 2 Changes between Solid, Liquid, and Gas - Dependence on Temperature 7
Lesson 3 States of Matter and Their Common Attributes 7

A-3 Air is a Substance and the Concept of the Atmosphere 8

Lesson 1 Showing That Air Occupies Space and Has Weight (Mass) 8
Lesson 2 Relating Air to the Atmosphere and the Rest of Earth 8

A-4 Matter I: Its Particulate Nature 9

Week 1 Matter is Made of Particles 9
Week 2 The Difference between Solids, Liquids and Gases 10
Week 3 Reversible and Nonreversible changes 10

A-5 Distinguishing Materials 11

Week 1 Categories of Materials 11
Week 2 Characteristics of Different Materials 11

A-5A Magnets and Magnetic Fields 12

Lesson 1 Properties of Magnets 12
Lesson 2 Magnetic Fields 13
Lesson 3 The Earth’s Magnetic Field 13

A-6 Matter II: Air Pressure, Vacuums, and the Earth’s Atmosphere 14
Lesson 1 Compressing Air and Air Pressure 14
Lesson 2 Pressure Inside and Outside / Vacuums 15
Lesson 3 Air pressure, the Earth’s Atmosphere, and Wind 15

A-7 Air: A Mixture of Gases (Mixtures and Chemical Reactions) 16

Lesson 1 Showing Air to be a Mixture of Different Gases 16
Lesson 2 Chemical Reactions Versus Mixtures 16
Lesson 3 Relating a Candle’s Burning to Living Organisms 17

A-8 Matter III: Evaporation and Condensation The Basis of the Water Cycle 18
Lesson 1 Evaporation 18
Lesson 2 Condensation / Evaporation, Condensation, and the Water Cycle 18

A-9 Matter IV: Dissolving, Solutions, and Crystallization 19

Lesson 1 Some things Dissolve: Solutions and Mixtures 19
 Lesson 2 Soluble and Insoluble 19
Lesson 3 Crystallization / Water Purification and the Earth’s Water Cycle 20

A-10 Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Dirt, and Soil 21

Lesson 1 Rocks and Minerals 21
Lesson 2 Crystals and Minerals / Ores 21
Lesson 3 Dirt and Soil / Rocks, Minerals, Dirt and Soil as Resources 22

B-2 Distinguishing Living or Biological, Natural Earth, and Human-Made Things 22

Lesson 1 Beginning to Classify Things 22
Lesson 2 What Criteria Do We Use 23
Lesson 3 Contrasting Technology and Living Systems 23

B-3 The Plant and Animal Kingdoms: Distinguishing Between Plants and Animals 24
Lesson 1 The Plant and Animal Kingdoms / Distinctions between Plants and Animals 24
Lesson 2 The Source of Energy for All Life 25

B-4 Life Cycles 25

Lesson 1 The Concept of Life Cycles 25
Lesson 2 Examples of Life Cycles 26
Lesson 3 Sameness Yet Variations / Reproduction in Relation to the Environment 27

B-4A Identification of Living Things and Why Plants and Animals Live Where They Do 27
Lesson 1 Identification of Common Plants and Animals 27
Lesson 2 Animal Habitats and Plant Environments 28

B-4B What Is a Species 29

Lesson 1 Defining a Species 29
Lesson 2 Classification / Heredity and Environment / Flux in Classification 29

B-5 Concepts of Adaptations, Food Chains, and Energy Flow 30

Lesson 1 The concept of Adaptations / Herbivores and Carnivores 30
Lesson 2 Food Chains and Energy Flow 30
Lesson 3 Balance Among Plants, Herbivores, and Carnivores 31

B-5A Adaptations and Survival 31

Lesson 1 Adaptations Required for Survival - Animals 31
Lesson 2 Adaptations Required for Survival - Plants / Putting Plants and Animals together 32

B-6 How Animals Move I: The Skeleton and Muscle System 33

Lesson 1 The Human Skeleton / How Muscles Move the Skeleton 33
Lesson 2 The Human Skeleton / How Muscles Move the Skeleton 33

B-7 How Animals Move II: Different Body Designs; Major Animal Phyla 34
Lesson 1 Animals with Skeletons Inside - Humans and other Vertebrates 34
 Lesson 2 Animals with Skeletons Outside (Arthropods) / Animals with no Skeletons /
Common Features of All Animals 34

B-8 How Animals Move III: Coordinating Body Movements; The Nervous System 35
Lesson 1 The Nervous System 35

B-9 How Animals Move IV: Energy to Run the Body (Fundamentals of Anatomy and
Physiology) 35
Lesson 1 Getting Energy from Food / Structure and Function of Internal Organs and
Systems 35
Lesson 2 Nutritional Considerations / Comparative Anatomy and Physiology 36

B-10 Plant Science I: Basic Plant Structure and Reproduction 37

Lesson 1 Roots, Stems, Leaves, and Their Modifications / Functions of Roots, Stems, and
Leaves 37
Lesson 2 Reproduction with Flowers 37
Lesson 3 Seed Dispersal and Reproduction without Flowers 38

B-11 Plant Science II: Germination, Seedling Growth, and Responses 38

Lesson 1 Seeds and Germination / Seedling Growth in the Light and the Dark 38
Lesson 2 Response of Plants to Gravity, Direction of Light, and other Factors 40

B-12 Plants, Soil, Water, and Erosion 40

Lesson 1 Experimental Setup to Determine Required Soil Attributes / Experimental Results
and Their Interpretation 40
Lesson 2 Roots Need Oxygen 40
Week 3 Erosion and the Soil Resource 41

C-1 Concepts of Energy I: Making Things Go 41

Lesson 1 Forms of Energy and What They Do 41
Lesson 2 Energy May Change from One Form to Another 42
Lesson 3 How and Where Does Energy Travel? 42

C-2 Sound, Vibrations, and Energy 43

Lesson 1 Sound and Vibration 43
Lesson 2 Sound and Vibration Part 2 43
Lesson 3 Transmission of Sound and Sound Energy 44

C-3 Concepts of Energy II: Kinetic and Potential Energy and the Flow of Energy 45
Lesson 1 Concepts of Kinetic and Potential Energy 45
Lesson 2 Concepts of Kinetic and Potential Energy Pendulums 45
Lesson 3 Relating Kinetic and Potential Energy to the Natural World / Fuels that Power
Technology and Society 46

C-3A Energy and Force 47

 Week 1 The Concept and Measurement of Force 47
Lesson 2 Importance of Knowing Forces / Force and Energy 47

C-4 Concepts of Energy III: Distinguishing between Matter and Energy 48

C-5 Inertia 49
Lesson 1 Revealing the Principle of Inertia 49
Lesson 2 Relating Inertia to Energy 49

C-6 Friction 50
Lesson 1 The Concept of Friction: Its Advantage and Disadvantage 50
Lesson 2 Wheels and Friction 50
Lesson 3 Friction, Heat, and Energy 51
Lesson 4 Wind and Water Resistance 52

C-7 Push Pushes Back 52

Lesson 1 52

D-1 Gravity I: The Concept of Gravity; Horizontal and Vertical 53

Lesson 1 Gravity 53
Lesson 2 Horizontal and Vertical 54
Lesson 3 Gravity and the Orbits of Heavenly Bodies and Satellites 54

D-2 Day and Night and the Earth’s Rotation 55

Lesson 1 Earth Rotation 55

D-3 Reading and Drawing Maps 55

Lesson 1 Drawing Maps / Reading Maps 55

D-3A North, East, South, and West 56

Lesson 1 Designating Directions on the Globe and Determining Them in the Real World 56
Lesson 2 Connecting Maps to the Globe and the Real World 57

D-4 Landforms and Major Biomes of the Earth 57

Lesson 1 The Earth’s Topography and Water / Climates and Biomes 57
Lesson 2 Climates and Biomes 58
Lesson 3 Biomes and Human Development 59

D-5 Time and the Earth’s Turning 59

Lesson 1 Relating Time to the Earth’s Turning 59
Lesson 2 Making a Sundial to Tell Time / Using a Sundial to Tell Time 60

D-6 Seasonal Changes and the Earth’s Orbit 61

Lesson 1 Modeling the Earth in Its Orbit Around the Sun 61
Lesson 2 Correlating Weather and Natural Biota with the Earth’s Orbit 61
D-7 Gravity II: Rate of Fall, Weightlessness in Space, and Distinction between Mass and
Weight 62
Lesson 1 Things Fall at the Same Rate 62
Lesson 2 Weightlessness in Free Fall and in Space 62
Lesson 3 Distinction between Mass and Weight 63

D-8 Rocks and Fossils 64

Lesson 1 Erosion 64
Lesson 2 Sediment moving and forming rocks / forming fossils 64
Week 3 Limestone and Fossils 65
Week 4 The Stories Rocks Tell / Geological Epics and Time 65
 A-1/B-1 Organizing things into Categories
Materials:
Random assortment of 15 items to organize
Trays
Lesson

Activity:
Organizing and reorganizing materials based on different criteria

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zg5AAxgf9qg sort the same group different ways
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gB7QOK1bd3U how usps sorts mail
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEr8Ot5p_Fo sorting recycling
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-K2IXFgk-k sorting by attribute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bip0bcFlgo classification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaNLJf8xzC4 what’s the fastest way to alphabetize your
bookshelf
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/classify-objects-by-attribute-color-size-shape/

A-2 Solids, Liquids, and Gases and Change with

Temperature

Lesson 1 Identification of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Materials:
3 transparent containers labeled Solid, Liquid and Gas (the water one needs to be watertight)
Solid, liquid, gas cards
1 example each of a solid and one of a liquid (water works well)
Cup to “pour” air into the gas container

Activity:
Explore your environment to identify the various solids, liquids and gasses.

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/solidsliquidsandgases/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_WeW0_9r_w states of matter, solids liquids and gases
demonstrations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELchwUIlWa8&t= What’s matter?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNvElea-124 states of matter

Lesson 2 Changes between Solid, Liquid, and Gas - Dependence

on Temperature
Materials:
Ice cubes
Butter, Pan, Heat source (melting butter is optional activity)
Water, pan, heat source

Activity:
Place 2 plastic containers full of water overnight in the freezer. Put a lid on one and no lid on the
other. What happens? Or pour a cup of water. Draw a line at the water level. Put it in the freezer
overnight to see what happened to the water level.

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/changingstatesofmatter/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYU7RSoOZ0U change of state
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8CTuj78RbY water changes states
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO747eWvGME&t=191s Making copper the ancient way
https://youtu.be/oMnjbai2-MM melt rocks into lava
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XgpYXVN-Kk when magma meets water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJplytSR-ww Plasma (for older kids)

Lesson 3 States of Matter and Their Common Attributes

Materials:
Watertight container (a small cup works well)
Rice
Water
Corn starch
Water
Small bowl
Tray or plate (optional)
Balloon (optional)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nw8KaHglokQ

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fnd-2jetT1ws oobleck and non-newtonian fluids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGcQQTfCgLc Science Max states of matter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpNIJE_Aa9w science max cornstarch mud
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/solids-liquids-and-gases/

A-3 Air is a Substance and the Concept of the

Atmosphere

Lesson 1 Showing That Air Occupies Space and Has Weight

(Mass)
Materials:
Balloons
String
Ruler or dowel
Tape
Sink filled with water or other deep water container
Bubbles solution and a bubble wand (Make Your Own)
Make Your Own Chewing gum (optional)

Activity:
Use the air in your lungs to blow up bubbles.
Watch how they interact with the air around them.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgf1bPGFfYg Why don’t we get crushed by atmospheric
pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jsm2o3_exqQ Air is matter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YQT9pUWrJw How do we know air is matter?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Grziaq-caVE Exploring air and air pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIl4a4yrJCk Do not open bottle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnRnq4fWcww sticky ball trick

Lesson 2 Relating Air to the Atmosphere and the Rest of Earth

Materials:
Hair dryer
2 thin plastic trash bags
Small disposable cup
String
Pipe cleaner
Tape
scissors
4 containers

Activity:
Today we need 4 containers.
We need to find an example of each of the 4 spheres (geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere,
and biosphere).
Place a sample from each of the 4 sphere in each of your containers.
Take care not to seal any living things in a container without holes for breathing.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDf00z8sMFw How heavy is air?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMxjzWHbyFM&t= Four Spheres part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXh_7wbnS3A Four Spheres part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABsVP41-EeY how do hot air balloons work?

A-4 Matter I: Its Particulate Nature

Week 1 Matter is Made of Particles

Materials:
Wet Clay
Dry Clay
Hammer
Safety goggles
Paper
Straw
Glass with soapy water
Spray bottle

Activity:
Set your clay out to dry a bit and see if you can reform something with it.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhYWuAGVU8k how it's made clay
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ls_ISb7lG-I using hydrophobic water to cut water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIdJ22AfsO8 Ted What’s a smart phone made of?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jn7oNH2-nqc recycling smartphones
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/particle-nature-of-matter-video-for-kids/
Week 2 The Difference between Solids, Liquids and Gases
Materials:
None

Activity:
Pretend you are a water molecule. What do we do when we freeze and become a solid?
Now pretend you are melting and becoming a liquid.
Now evaporate and become a gas.
What happens when you condense and become a liquid again?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npv74D2MO6Q Particles of your World
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuE1LePDZ4Y changing water - states of matter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVnnz7RB6bk Particles in matter
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/changingstatesofmatter/

Week 3 Reversible and Nonreversible changes

Materials:
Paper
Lighter
Container to burn paper in
Paper
Sieve
Water
Baking dish or rectangular tub
Small Cup
Blender
Aluminum foil
Baking soda
Vinegar
Balloon
Drink bottle

Activity:
Which is reversible and which is non-reversible
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRYzefDQVO4&t= (I mute this video and just use the
process) / https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRMyMIy7U6E

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHlP1lRc0Tg Reversible and Irreversible change
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIKDDo02hfU Chemical change making oxygen gas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSmW8YiJWfw Physical and chemical change
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cY8R_DB3waI Chemical changes: fast or slow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37pir0ej_SE&t Chemical Change
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAqVxsEgWIM The Paper recycling process
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlRVPum9cp4 how recycling works
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/physicalandchemicalchanges/
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/chemical-vs-physical-changes-video-for-kids/

A-5 Distinguishing Materials

Week 1 Categories of Materials

Materials:
2 pencils
Paper
Wooden, plastic and metal spoons
Various objects made from: metal, plastic, wood, clay/stone, glass, rubber, leather, fibers
Opaque bag

Activity:
Reach your hand into the bag and describe the characteristics of the object.
Try to guess what type of material it is made from.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZYnERZe3Cg hunting for properties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCQXDegwnoE wood water and properties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlSemv2fLN8&t=29s what’s my property
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veUUii1U8-o physical properties of materials

Week 2 Characteristics of Different Materials

Materials:
Various objects made from: metal, plastic, wood, clay/stone, glass, rubber, leather, fibers
Tub of water
A few object to test if they sink or float
Magnet

Activity:
Why do we use certain materials? Rubber for a ball?
Wood for a broom handle?
Cement (or similar materials) for sidewalks?
Plastic for many toys?
Metal for hinges? Look around and discuss why materials in the environment were used.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGfLhPslEjQ&t material world
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zD7W5O0BH7g organizing properties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-uNxR5Zua0 synthetic materials
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/material-properties-and-purposes-video-for-kid
s/

A-5A Magnets and Magnetic Fields

Lesson 1 Properties of Magnets

Materials:
Multiple magnets of various types
Items to test interaction with magnets
Notebook or papers
Pencil
Aluminum can or foil
Coins
Metal jewelry
Dowel or stick
A-5A Fishing game printout
Scissors
Small magnet
String
Jar or similarly sized, clear container
Glue gun
Paper clips
Blue Paper (optional)

Activity:
Make a magnetic fishing game. Cut a piece of string about 6 inches long and tie one end to the
dowel. Secure this with a glue gun.
Use the glue gun to attach one magnet to the other end of the string to create a fishing pole.
Cut out the desired fish and put a paperclip on each one.
Place the fish in the jar.
Now you can use your fishing pole to go fishing.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-LkQrvdzjA science max magnets part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0K8mXNQbc78 science max magnets part 2

Lesson 2 Magnetic Fields

Materials:
Piece of paper
Bar magnet
Horseshoe magnet
Other types of magnets (optional)
Iron filings
Clear Plastic piece (container lids work well)
Thin pieces of various materials (cloth, plastic, aluminum foil, coins, glass, wood, ceramic or
anything else)
Empty tin can
Paperclips
Straws
4 Plastic bottle caps (predrill hole in center)
Magnet
2 Metal rods (can cut from a coat hanger)
Scissors
Glue gun

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da_tWfVnqgc (I have also just glued a magnet to a toy car
using a glue gun)

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/forces/magnets/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s236Q1nuWXg fun with magnets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgWiBYuPpjw magnetic field
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4ht2RcWVlI magnetic force and magnetic field
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jOsC4S9Zyw magnets for kids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7Wk0O8jq_g amazing double levitation

Lesson 3 The Earth’s Magnetic Field

Materials:
Compass
Nail
2 bar magnets
String
Tape (optional for attaching suspended magnets)
Needle
Paper
Marker
Bowl of water
Scissors
Plastic bottle cap (optional)
Leaf (optional)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_tQQFHpSa4&t=

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LroX6ThIDpw How do compasses work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvWGa9UJplw What is a compass
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URN-XyZD2vQ Earth’s Magnetic shield
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K8U9QOj_TE Earth’s magnetic field (how to measure)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oGaGIIm6tE What happens when poles flip
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/migration/

A-6 Matter II: Air Pressure, Vacuums, and the

Earth’s Atmosphere

Lesson 1 Compressing Air and Air Pressure

Materials:
4 Balloons (have extras on hand in case of breakage)
Solid and liquid to put in balloons
Container with some rice to simulate gas particles
Air compressor and associated tools (optional)

Activity:
Put 6 grains of rice in your jar. Shake it and observe how often the rice “particles” bump against
one another.
Add more grains, a bit at a time. Shake and observe each time you add rice.
What do you notice as you add more rice grains? How often do they bump into each other and
the sides of the jar?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-Iz414g-ro gas volume and pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKMKKOV7xhM&t= what is air pressure: egg demonstration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Grziaq-caVE exploring air and air pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wJAG7GcQEI What is liquid nitrogen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjraelDMrFQ why do compressed air cans get cold (older
kids)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrM5SQrRTMM gases are easiest to compress

Lesson 2 Pressure Inside and Outside / Vacuums

Materials:
Glass of water with straw
Vacuum cleaner
Postcard or piece of thin cardboard
Glass Jar (optional and requires adult assistance)
Syringe with tubing (optional and requires adult assistance)
2 bike valves (optional and requires adult assistance)
Glue gun (optional and requires adult assistance)
Drill or soldering iron (optional and requires adult assistance)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65T4ReLkjCg / Optional:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9yRO0gxW5U

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrWqWEtSe2Q How do straws work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejaVz-ZR-a8 How does a vacuum cleaner work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYAmPRQ4eWo How does a vacuum pump work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0AH_GNviyw Dynamic pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0X3bYHswjI Experiment with air pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkqnRR9MmQQ Chips in a vacuum chamber

Lesson 3 Air pressure, the Earth’s Atmosphere, and Wind

Materials:
Weather forecasts for 10 days including pressure

Activity:
Check local weather. Look up your local weather conditions.
Do you currently have high pressure, or low pressure conditions?
Check the 10 day forecast. Is there are change in pressure coming soon?
What type of weather is expected with the pressure?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDf00z8sMFw How heavy is air
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkDhlzA-lwI History of the barometer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCLwbqmacck Why does the wind blow?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4I9wqVohGOc Why do ears pop?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q66DxZB6plE Magdeburg hemisphere
https://www.brainpop.com/science/weather/wind/ (older students)

A-7 Air: A Mixture of Gases (Mixtures and Chemical

Reactions)

Lesson 1 Showing Air to be a Mixture of Different Gases

Materials:
2 Cups or jars
Vinegar
Baking soda
Candle
Lighter
Balloon
Funnel
Bottle
Hydrogen peroxide
78 beads of one color (any other object can be substituted for beads)
21 bead of another color
1 bead of a third color
1 bead half the size
1 much smaller bead

Activities:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kycY6iA_cF0&t=9s
http://eeinwisconsin.org/Files/eewi/2020/Air,Air,EverywhereActivity2Airsoup.pdf

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioFNFZSeeg8 air around us
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3VyJyTWPUc What is air made of
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WainnKKtGZI 5 weird ways to put out a candle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIKDDo02hfU&t Chemical change making oxygen gas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDTF6l2WhYo What is gas?

Lesson 2 Chemical Reactions Versus Mixtures

Materials:
Candle
Lighter
Glass to cover candle
Building blocks (optional)
Baking soda
Vinegar
Jar

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvm9UUaY-sE

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/matter/physicalandchemicalchanges/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Dn0CW-KbvY why do candles burn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kou7ur5xt_4&t world’s largest elephant toothpaste
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5pPwXCtm60 fizzy soda experiment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8m6RtOpqvtU what triggers a chemical reaction (older kids)

Lesson 3 Relating a Candle’s Burning to Living Organisms

Materials:
Animal and plant figures (Can make cardboard cutouts instead)
Blue paper
Cardboard
Glue
Colored pencils, crayons, paint, or markers

Activity:
Make a carbon cycle model using this as inspiration:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xIkRHEQlQs

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zj5v3n6Nlm8&t How do fish breathe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV2srsG42I4 Study jams - carbon cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4cPmHGegKI the carbon cycle
https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/carboncycle/ (older kids)
 A-8 Matter III: Evaporation and Condensation The
Basis of the Water Cycle

Lesson 1 Evaporation
Materials:
Small covered container
Small bowl
Small plate
Bottle with small opening (water or soda bottle)
Measuring cup
1 cup water

Activity:
Accurately measure one fourth cup (75 milliliters) of water into each of the following container:
A covered container
A bottle
A small bowl
A dinner plate
Observe the rate of “disappearance” of water from each over the next day or so.
How does the surface area of the water exposed to the air affect evaporation?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRLqAhaniyg evaporation experiments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSLZJ-P3VBU evaporation video for older kids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9l0s5zVibo evaporation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4qgBT48NaU evaporation

Lesson 2 Condensation / Evaporation, Condensation, and the

Water Cycle
Materials:
Glass filled with ice water
Mirror or window (optional)
Felt tip marker
Zip top bag
Water
Blue food coloring
Tape
Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WQBtAJxMbY

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DigBbR3FeP8 what are clouds made of?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0K7VKkksyc where does water come from?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM-59ljA4Bs Water cycle (dance)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qe350nm_odA where do floods come from?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5G4NCwWUxY the great aqua adventure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_bbQ0m3wuM dinosaur pee
https://www.kcedventures.com/blog/hands-on-science-create-a-water-cycle-project-using-legos

A-9 Matter IV: Dissolving, Solutions, and

Crystallization

Lesson 1 Some things Dissolve: Solutions and Mixtures

Materials:
2 Cups of water
Colored Drink Powder
Flour (or cornstarch)
Spoon (or other stirring instrument)
Regular mint mentos (not colored)
Bottle of carbonated beverage

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjbJELjLgZg

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gutkLY9A7fw Make fizzy drink at home in 30 seconds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Tck943uH2o mixtures vs solutions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kdc51ROgSq4 Dissolve song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmWYG7qh0QA Pop up science: sugar and water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgI_dd1gV_Q Sugar Cube Magic

Lesson 2 Soluble and Insoluble

Materials:
A-9 What Dissolves Lab Sheet
Pencil
10 clear cups of water
At least 10 substances or items to try to dissolve in water (plastics, metals, wood, stones,
cinnamon, baking soda, lemon juice are all good options)
Cooking Oil
Jar of water with lid
Liquid Detergent
Other liquid soaps (optional)
Vinegar (can be one of the things used to dissolve also)
Baking soda (can be one of the things used to dissolve also)
Food coloring (can be one of the things used to dissolve also)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9QdMaOlVrM

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jA0PzblYPUM&t= The great picnic mix-up
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLYw3G9JuBM Magic color changing sugar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh9HOU20QEk Sugar Rainbow (This is actually based on
density)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XntinCBEC9U How does soap and water make us clean?

Lesson 3 Crystallization / Water Purification and the Earth’s

Water Cycle
Materials:
2 cups with water
salt
1 dark-colored plate (dark blue plastic-coated-paper plates work well)
Magnifying glass
Printout of last 2 pages from presentation (optional)
Stove
Pan of water
Metal pan
Ice
Salt
Pollutants - food coloring, flour, etc.

Activity:
Several evaporation experiments:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1QhIc7pYqtm1cvKVSuhZ0SEAvUH5eEDR_ze1hQbhHa
c4/edit?usp=sharing
Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaBRoGc4gOM Salt’s secret powers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eamszrj0uVk Salt: from sea to cellar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgDiW2ELx7k Salt Mining
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGPFzHw-NDo Why is the ocean salty?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o790rb16EM 3 ways to grow crystals
https://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/salt/

A-10 Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Dirt, and Soil

Lesson 1 Rocks and Minerals

Materials:
Assortment of rocks and minerals
Granite
Magnifying glass

Activity:
Use the rocks and minerals on hand to see which minerals you can identify.
A magnifying glass may be helpful.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEJXaWRptQo let’s learn about rocks and minerals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeuYx-AbZdo types of rocks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYKYzhXBQes What are rocks and minerals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNs1gqkYerg Be a rock detective

Lesson 2 Crystals and Minerals / Ores

Materials:
Granite rock
Magnifying glass
Salt
Samples of ores
Paperclip or other excavation tools
Chocolate chip cookies
Paper
Pen

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXm1mNg79qA
Supplements:
https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/crystals/
https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/metals/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPaYiSlW-FU minerals and ores
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62-yS0uXBb0 modern mining
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa6q5MPqKao a day at a modern mine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmjZC1cFOKk where does metal come from

Lesson 3 Dirt and Soil / Rocks, Minerals, Dirt and Soil as

Resources
Materials:
Soil (not commercial potting soil)
White Saucer
Water
Magnifying glass
Microscope (optional)
Slides prepared with dirt speck (optional)
Various Rocks, Minerals, and Soil

Activity:
Sort through and try to identify the materials.
What properties do you observe?
What do you now know about what these materials are used for?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if29mjcd5bc The dirt on dirt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kybPmB1zBUw soil formation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8ONmhbW0Vg Cement: a really hard problem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QW1juRN9v98 Easy crafts with cement
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gjboWjSaSs Why are teeth not considered bones

B-2 Distinguishing Living or Biological, Natural

Earth, and Human-Made Things

Lesson 1 Beginning to Classify Things

Materials:
Items to classify
Labels for the floor: living or biological things, natural earth materials, human-made things
A bag or tray for each student
Make your own bouncy balls or similar kit to make something (optional)

Activity:
Try to sort them according to the types of raw materials they came from.
As you walk around the room, what raw materials did these items come from?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gy60BqCnTG4 it’s alive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ai0U1b2FlVw raw materials
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtKni7haXtQ manufactured goods
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PgjA3HISmw How is plastic made
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhbJqDWtpMM Where does sugar come from

Lesson 2 What Criteria Do We Use

Materials:
Various biological items and living things if available to use safely (insect, plants or snails work
well)
Magnifying glass

Activity:
Let’s use magnifying glasses to see if we can find these attributes in living and biological things.
The best view is attained when the magnifier lens is held very close to the item to be viewed up
to the magnifier lens until it comes into focus.
It will only be about one to three inches from the lens.
Are you using their magnifying glass correctly?
What examples of orientation, symmetry and fine structure can you find?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pypd_yKGYpA Why nature loves hexagons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9TIlM96lT8 Gotta Eat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3drtbPZF9yc the science of symmetry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alH3yc6tX98 can math explain why animals get their
patterns (older students)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2MdUhk9QWw patterns in nature
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/livingandnonlivingthings/

Lesson 3 Contrasting Technology and Living Systems

Materials:
Scissors
Balloon
Marker
Yarn
Glue (glue gun works best)
Air Dry Clay (optional)
Nests or other animal made things (optional)
Origami paper (optional)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1_uZq5vtcQ /
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJbq72yA29M (optional)

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bKQeoNrciQtop 10 animal architects
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5W3_H01nCsM how some animals engineered air
conditioning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HLFfBWc5rw tool use by animals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQr8xDk_UaYpufferfish constructs masterpiece
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YT5TZY-emYM 8 useful technologies inspired by nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJdeQABAc_w where does chocolate come from?
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/living-things-change-their-environment-video-fo
r-kids/

B-3 The Plant and Animal Kingdoms: Distinguishing

Between Plants and Animals

Lesson 1 The Plant and Animal Kingdoms / Distinctions between

Plants and Animals
Materials:
Printed pictures of animals and plants in magazines, from online, or from own photos (seeking
out these images is part of the lesson, but plan in advance what resources you will use) This
site works well for finding pictures: https://pixabay.com/ (just search for plants, then animals)
Well-dried peeling of oranges, potatoes, or other well-dried plant material
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QmAX82_j2yJhu7n0xxXG2EapZMJLDGtj9wScobRzJsY/
edit?usp=sharing
2 containers for items
Paper
Scissors
Colored pencils, crayon, or markers
Glue stick

Activity:
Make up your own animal and plant. You can draw each or piece them together by cutting parts
from pictures.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xftb7PS92g4 Plants and animals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ejr9dan0PyM Classifying animals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQIjL_0RK6U plants and animals - similarities and
differences
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwH8xGmqGmo&t=7s amazing animal groups
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/classifyinganimals/

Lesson 2 The Source of Energy for All Life

Materials:
Disposable cups
B-3-2 Energy Hierarchy Printout
Scissors
Tape

Activity:
Cut out the squares from the energy hierarchy printout.
Tape each square to a cup.
How can the cups be stacked in a pyramid to show energy moving through the system?
Where does all the energy on Earth come from?
Do you notice how some energy is lost at each level.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHCOzc143Ec Feed me: Classifying organisms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-zc_1vjLnI Worms are wonderful
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6L_p3ZkSlLo meat eating plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zj5v3n6Nlm8 How do fish breathe
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/animals-need-food-video-for-kids/

B-4 Life Cycles

Lesson 1 The Concept of Life Cycles

Materials:
Mealworms (easily available at most pet stores)
Oatmeal (Wheat Germ also works, provides food and bedding for the worms)
Carrot slices (potato, or other hard vegetable works, provides water for the worms)
A small container with holes in the lid (mealworms and the beatles even do fine in an open
container)

Activity:
Take one container with holes in the lid or no lid.
Add oatmeal and some carrot slices. Then add the mealworms.
Once a week add carrot slices, potato pieces or other hard vegetable scraps. Remove the old
ones. Keep this is a warm spot.
Right now you have baby darkling beetle. This is called a larva.
In your notebook draw a picture of your larva and label it.
Draw pictures of the other two stages of development when you see them. First you will have a
pupa and then an adult. Write those names on your paper and leave a space for your drawing.
The adults lay eggs and the cycle begins again. Label and draw and egg.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNIR3lsJwuk Bill Nye the Science Guy Life Cycles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1_jyX5NeqY Wild Kratts Aqua Frog
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/animals-help-their-babies-survive-video-for-kid
s/

Lesson 2 Examples of Life Cycles

Materials:
Chalk (optional)

Activity:
We are going to act out the life cycle of a butterfly.
First we are enclosed in a tiny egg.
Next we emerge from that egg as a tiny, hungry caterpillar.
After we have grown large and fat eating leaves we form a chrysalis.
Inside our chrysalis we transform. Once we are down we emerge as a beautiful, flapping
butterfly. Let us fly through the sky with all the other butterflies.
Now we can lay eggs for this all to begin again.
We can draw the different examples with chalk and continue acting them out.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPKM2uc2VNo Seeds and the life cycle of plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5RSpMQQOpw How a caterpillar becomes butterfly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4apGsFH6HE Life cycle hornet colony
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sz3Yv3On4lE 3 different ways mammals give birth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODLDOS0J4SE Reptile life cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdLSOtijzHk Bluebird’s life cycle

Lesson 3 Sameness Yet Variations / Reproduction in Relation to

the Environment
Materials:
Family Photos

Activity:
Find a photo of your family.
Let’s look carefully together and notice the similarities and differences among the members of
the same family.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUHokSPkzT8 variation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClLHcSXzRos organism, population, community
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71X7a8eu73k mom versus dad: What did you inherit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBz2Oo74_TA A huge litter of St. Bernard
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fnriX2DIiQ Pandas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmts16EcXJA Save the rhinos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXwoy-Ce1ZE What happened to the dinosaurs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztWHqUFJRTs Climate change: earth’s giant game of tetris
(optional)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzcGTd8qWTg Climate change (optional)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FjyKmpmQzc Dig into Paleontology (Optional)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koota_lwU_4 Mary Anning: Fossil Hunter (Optional)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iRbgoYd6cw 5 Giant ice age animals (Optional)

B-4A Identification of Living Things and Why Plants

and Animals Live Where They Do

Lesson 1 Identification of Common Plants and Animals

Materials:
Notebook (optional)
Things to decorate the notebook (optional)
Local Field Guides (optional)
Samples of leaves (optional)
Internet access (optional)
iNaturalist or other similar app (optional)
Optional: https://www.homesciencetools.com/product/flower-press-kit/

Activity:
Try to Identify Local Trees & Birds
https://www.homesciencetools.com/product/sea-turtle-activity-kit/ optional supplement activity

Supplements:
https://youtu.be/E6iB5B3Lz9I Field journal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFVh2fTR2XA Guess that Tree
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7M4PUM_eIIQ Ask the Arborist: Tree identification 101
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uq6fIA3m7jw Maya’s guide for bird watching
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeCnh3GwbAY Kids nature journal
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/beascientist/makingobservations/

Karl Get out of the Garden (available at library)

Lesson 2 Animal Habitats and Plant Environments

Materials:
Activity paper
Outdoor space to explore

Activity:
Let’s go outside and look for local wildlife. What plants and animals do you observe?
Do they change their environment at all to meet their needs?
How are people affecting local wildlife?

Supplements:
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/habitats-video-for-kids/
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/plants-need-water-and-light-video-for-kids/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDjlfqYFYqE plants in their environments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIsgHW11nOs exploring habitats
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxuEi9FMgfU bay area wildlife
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc9Z4hUG0Dw learning about local habitats
 B-4B What Is a Species

Lesson 1 Defining a Species

Note: This lesson introduces a lot of the vocabulary, but just as the text discusses this should be
part of a larger, ongoing nature study.
Materials:
Internet access
Paper and drawing utensils (optional)

Activity:
Pick Your Favorite Dog Breed - Look online or here to find a breed of dog you really like or draw
a picture of what you would like a dog to look like.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDFDxPgHmJE What is a species?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ejcOZDnyrk How many species are there?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnfaiJJnzdE&t=11s What makes a species a species
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ad4yB63tryI What is selective breeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNcuIqpq11c why species don’t exist (for older kids)

Lesson 2 Classification / Heredity and Environment / Flux in

Classification
Materials:
Internet access
Paper and pen or whiteboard and markers

Activity:
Make a venn diagram: Let’s look at the Panthera genus. This has cats that roar. We can
compare the lion and the tiger.
Traits unique to the lion are placed in the left, unique traits to the tiger in the right, and shared
traits in the center.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVouQRAKxYo classification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRVJyUZoQow introduction to taxonomy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3amU3RrX9g taxonomy of candy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmctxRcmloc nature vs nurture
 B-5 Concepts of Adaptations, Food Chains, and
Energy Flow

Lesson 1 The concept of Adaptations / Herbivores and Carnivores

Materials:
Pictures of skulls or models of skulls (optional)
Animal figurines with teeth (optional)

Activity:
Identify carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores from skulls or pictures of skulls.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxNeD86xy8U Carnivore vs herbivore Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHCOzc143Ec&t=2s Feed Me
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRZocdRNxSw Classifying Animals: Carnivores, Herbivores
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VejLXTsJrJc Carnivore vs Omnivore teeth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCFU3tLdjRY Learning about herbivores, carnivores, and
omnivores
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/natural-resources-video-for-kids/

Lesson 2 Food Chains and Energy Flow

Materials:
100 pieces of 1 kind of pasta
10 pieces of a different pasta
Drawing material, magazines with local animals, or computer access

Activity:
Draw a picture or assemble photos of a local flow of energy.
Draw a picture or make a collage (this can also be done electronically) of how energy travels
through your local environment. This can be just in your neighborhood.
You can include things like insects, worms and birds.
Where does the energy come from and where does it go?
What kinds of animals do you observe most often?

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/foodchain/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jBV9vJmXZI Energy flow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuKs9o1s8h8&list=PLhz12vamHOnZv8kM6Xo6AbluwIIVpul
io&index=3 fabulous food chain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vtb3I8Vzlfg food webs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oVavgmveyY&t= Food webs and energy pyramid (older
students)

Lesson 3 Balance Among Plants, Herbivores, and Carnivores

Materials:
Internet access for research

Activity:
Spend some time researching your local area.
Are there any examples of ecological upset?
What is being done to overcome those upsets?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dfgm76_7wnY Surprisingly helpful invasive species
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmztPktOfzs invasion of the yellow crazy ants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYNAtw1c7hI invasive species 101
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmboOaF2Iis Reintroducing Europe’s wildest cat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKNbVAk7m_4 Wolves return to Ireland
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyE4_D6Fb_w big changes in the big apple
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fkGqO0Xk94 big changes in the big forest
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVnCK_xKDuQ wetlands more valuable wet or dry?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEmK7kydefc wetland restoration

B-5A Adaptations and Survival

Lesson 1 Adaptations Required for Survival - Animals

Materials:
Paper or white board with pen
3 plates
1 cup
Chopsticks
Toothpick
Fork
Spoon
Jelly candy / mini marshmallows
Hard candy
Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhi-NyiKTnI&t=54s

Supplements:
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/external-animal-parts-video-for-kids/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SCjhI86grU what is natural selection
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/camouflage/
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/hibernation/
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/migration/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vU83znpub4 5 animals with super weird teeth (older kids)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3OWsRFtTeI animal adaptations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12Q8FfyLLso the waggle dance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60z63mce2Xc 9 bizarre animal adaptations

Lesson 2 Adaptations Required for Survival - Plants / Putting

Plants and Animals together
Materials:
Paper
Seeds
Fan
Tape
Scissors
Optional:
https://www.homesciencetools.com/product/game-of-survival-curriculum-science-unlocked/

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qv6pfVg5vr8&t=20s

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ca99WW_v0bA adaptations in plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FQFYLVtYEk what are adaptations?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE-yOzL76qQ 6 animals that cheat the system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hja0SLs2kus the amazing ways plants defend themselves
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqgVks9NViQ how do plant seeds travel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9Szzb2YBXY&t= how cacti keep water in and predators out
 B-6 How Animals Move I: The Skeleton and Muscle
System

Lesson 1 The Human Skeleton / How Muscles Move the Skeleton

Materials:
Two rulers (stiff wooden ones work best and sticks can be substituted)
7 straws
Tape (duct tape work well, but any kind of flexible tape is fine)
String
Balloon
Rubber band

Activity:
Make an arm model:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Q-1lHOqB0DFZisSIRFslWsrme7KjVb4Yh4p_K9JioPM/
edit?usp=sharing

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynVRDsDC-84 the musculoskeletal system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_F5UwtdPOc how muscles work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVIpeUIpFf0 model of arm
https://jr.brainpop.com/health/bodies/muscles/
https://jr.brainpop.com/health/bodies/exercise/

Lesson 2 The Human Skeleton / How Muscles Move the Skeleton

Materials:
Space to move

Activity:
Feel your muscles.
Can you figure out which muscles move which body parts for the things you do every day.
Try stepping up, sitting, walking, turning your head, and bending down.
Which muscles are contracting and relaxing?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVL-8zr2hk4 how your muscular system works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tM1LFFxeKg muscles grow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdes6W76OOw Tendons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3ZGonL8QqM ligaments

B-7 How Animals Move II: Different Body Designs;

Major Animal Phyla

Lesson 1 Animals with Skeletons Inside - Humans and other

Vertebrates
Materials:
Empty egg carton
Pipe cleaner
Felt or construction paper
Scissors
Optional: skeletons (animals are best)

Activity:
https://team-cartwright.com/model-spine-for-kids/

Supplements:
WILD SCIENCE- Classifying Vertebrates
Vertebrates | The Dr. Binocs Show
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/mammals/
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/fish/
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/frogs/

Lesson 2 Animals with Skeletons Outside (Arthropods) / Animals

with no Skeletons / Common Features of All Animals
Materials:
Live earthworm (optional)
Clay or playdough
Scissors
Glue
Construction paper
Googly Eyes (optional)
Markers

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O7RV-4zYRs
Supplements:
Vertebrates and Invertebrates
Exoskeletons
All About Arthropods
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/insects/
All About Mollusks
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/animals/butterflies/
Worms Are Wonderful

B-8 How Animals Move III: Coordinating Body

Movements; The Nervous System

Lesson 1 The Nervous System

Materials:
Ruler

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwXr8odzDvY

Supplements:
How Your Brain Works?
What Are Nerves and How Do They Work?
Use Your Brain!
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/senses-video-for-kids/ (3-5)
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/five-senses-video-for-kids/
https://jr.brainpop.com/health/bodies/senses/
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/brain/
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/spinalcord/
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/neurons/

B-9 How Animals Move IV: Energy to Run the Body

(Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology)

Lesson 1 Getting Energy from Food / Structure and Function of

Internal Organs and Systems
Materials:
Candle
Match or lighter
Molecular building set (or paper cut-outs of the atoms in 3 different colors with paperclips)

Activity:
Collect 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 8 oxygen atoms. Bond 6 pairs of oxygen atoms. Bond the
other atoms together in one molecule. Now what happens when they combine in the cell?
The atoms break apart and form 6 CO2 and 6 H2O releasing what in the process?

Supplements:
Energy In: How Food Gives You Energy
Operation Ouch - Energy Machine
Cellular respiration steps
https://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/metabolism/
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/food-science-for-kids/ (3-5)

Lesson 2 Nutritional Considerations / Comparative Anatomy and

Physiology
Materials:
Banana (½ per group)
Crackers (3-4 per group)
Lemon juice or clear vinegar (to represent stomach acid)
Water
Zip-lock plastic bag
1 cut-off leg of tights/stockings (i.e. small intestine) or cheesecloth
1 plastic cup as a funnel (with cut-off bottom)
1 plastic cup as a plunger
Gloves – small size (1 pair per student)
Scissors
A tray or large bowl
1 paper cup with a hole (i.e. large intestine)
Anatomy puzzle (one option here)

Activity:
https://www.sciencejournalforkids.org/articles/lesson-ideas/digestive-system-lab/
http://shared.confessionsofahomeschooler.com/science/HumanAnatomy.pdf

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/health/bodies/digestivesystem/
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/urinarysystem/
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/circulatorysystem/
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/respiratorysystem/
Digestive System
Circulatory System and Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
What does the liver do?
How do your kidneys work?
Types Of Vitamins

B-10 Plant Science I: Basic Plant Structure and

Reproduction

Lesson 1 Roots, Stems, Leaves, and Their Modifications /

Functions of Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Materials:
A plant for each child to examine (this can be a weed)
Celery or carnation
Cup with water
Food coloring

Activity:
Look at how the stems works.
Place water and a few drops of food coloring into a vase or glass.
Add a fresh cut flower (white carnations work particularly well) or celery (with leaves on).
Leave it a few days checking on it regularly to see what happens.
For older kids you can use a 2-3 separate containers of differently colored water. By splitting the
stem you can place part of it in each of the colors.
Color changing celery / carnation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQvvA9V3a-E

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3St51F4kE8 parts of a plant
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/plants/partsofaplant/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIug9Foou3s&t= color changing celery
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/plant-parts-video-for-kids/

Lesson 2 Reproduction with Flowers

Materials:
Baking soda, small cup with vinegar
Larger Flower, Cardboard, 2 pushpins, exacto knife or scalpel
Activity:
https://www.wikihow.com/Dissect-a-Flower

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJgZz9k4FeU 5 most bizarre seeds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9sn7HZM7uY look inside a flower
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txv2k7OoY7U Thank a bee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tc6P2Xd-Vqg Flower to apple
https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/pollination/
https://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/honeybees/ (extra for older students)

Lesson 3 Seed Dispersal and Reproduction without Flowers

Materials:
Seed variety
Large variety of seeds that would disperse in different ways

Activity:
Look at various seeds to discuss how they disperse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KjnJYoIqPA
Additional Activity for Older Students:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHj8E-7E7-8 Cuttings

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CCOWHa-qfc Seed dispersal song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YrtglixU0M Growing a pine tree
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmNZGr9Udx8 Giant sequoias need fire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ik3l4U_17bI Tree with different fruit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3O7icCqFfEo vegitative propagation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DlKYW91z2c growing from cuttings

B-11 Plant Science II: Germination, Seedling

Growth, and Responses

Lesson 1 Seeds and Germination / Seedling Growth in the Light

and the Dark
Materials:
Zip-top, plastic bag
Paper towels
Variety of seeds (Radish, sunflower, and peas work well)
Water
Sharpie or other felt tip pen
2 clear cups

Activity:
1. Place several layers of paper towel in a zip-top, plastic bag.
Thoroughly wet the towels and drain off excess water.
Place 4-6 seeds on the paper spaced about an inch apart and seal the bag. Use a felt tip pen to
label the seeds.
Why should we keep this sealed?
Set this aside in a dark location (or cover) where it will remain at regular room temperature.
Observe and record the results daily.
2. Fill two clear cups with potting soil.
Thoroughly wet the soil and drain away excess water.
Insert three or four seeds around the perimeter between the soil and the side of the cup so that
the seeds are visible through the side of the cup.
Place one cup in a completely dark location or cover it. Be sure to block any cracks that would
allow light in.
Place the other in a spot with plenty of light.
Water each as needed to keep the soil moist but not saturated.
Observe and record the progress of germination.
Observation requires light. Think about how you can maintain the experiment of keeping them in
the dark.
When seeds in the light have germinated and spread their first leaves remove the seedling from
the dark and compare the results.
How are the results adaptations that help the plant survive?
What should the seedling do to make the best use of limited food/energy supply?
Follow the seedlings kept in the dark for another week or so and record observations.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lly75dEbXE8 Grow your own plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w77zPAtVTuI&t= time lapse seed growth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkFPyue5X3Q How does a seed become a plant
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFmBKpQxf-U What is inside beans?
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/plants-need-water-and-light-video-for-kids/
Lesson 2 Response of Plants to Gravity, Direction of Light, and
other Factors
Materials:

Activity:

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/plants/plantlifecycle/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTljaIVseTc Tendril twining time lapse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n8y12ryn3w Plants response to environment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eeZD9dFqHM tropism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57IXUG0CHSQ geotropism
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/plant-growth-conditions-video-for-kids/

B-12 Plants, Soil, Water, and Erosion

Notes: Field work to find erosion and ways to lessen erosion

Lesson 1 Experimental Setup to Determine Required Soil

Attributes / Experimental Results and Their Interpretation
Materials:

Activity:

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if29mjcd5bc&t=104s Soil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lly75dEbXE8 Growing plants experiment
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/land/soil/

Lesson 2 Roots Need Oxygen

Materials:
See presentation for optional supplies

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ond_-SsiWE8&t=10s
Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kTt4xHHLzk Experiment part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaZKEc59g1w deserts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhIcms-xktQ how rice is grown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhLlqdPB_Rs mangroves ecosystem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhdGktn54X0 mangroves
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/habitats/

Week 3 Erosion and the Soil Resource

Materials:

Activity:

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im4HVXMGI68 Erosion and soil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YETdZyZI6es&t=145s make your own erosion

C-1 Concepts of Energy I: Making Things Go

Lesson 1 Forms of Energy and What They Do

Materials:
Energy cards / Action cards
Pencil
2 toilet paper tubes
2 rubber bands
Tape
Pom poms

Activity:
What type of energy is affecting the pom pom?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCiJaU3VmiM&list=PLqChB1IXCYBfPktKfAi3o9_8vZql9yNy
a&index=16

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/energy/heat/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qmSzMwTkpk Bill Nye Energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0LBegPWzrg What is energy?
Lesson 2 Energy May Change from One Form to Another
Materials:
Blocks (or other objects for stacking)
Jenga, Animal Upon Animal, or other stacking game (optional)

Activity:
Play with energy: Using blocks, build a tall tower.
Did you store up lots of energy?
What happens when you knock it over and release the stored energy?
What kind of energy is released?

Supplements:
Magic School Bus Energy (if available)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMDKeBaLWDw What is fire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CW0_S5YpYVo What is energy (for older kids)

Lesson 3 How and Where Does Energy Travel?

Materials:
Flashlight or lamp
A dark space
Metal spoon
Paper clips
Wax
Spirit lamp (or other heat source)
Matches (to light the lamp)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpVOoKH2AzI

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/energy/energysources/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uv-MdaBfk8U Shadow animals with your hands
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_F9IC3w8lAQ Energy Transfer Generation Genius
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yicNSSc2S4Q Heat transfer by radiation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lz8_aaKNXA Complicated chain reaction machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZxq6VqyA-c Make your own energy transfer machine
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/heat-transfer-of-thermal-energy-video-for-kids/
(for older kids)
 C-2 Sound, Vibrations, and Energy

Lesson 1 Sound and Vibration

Materials:
Rubber Bands of various sizes
Dark object with raised sides to wrap a rubber band around (rectangular lid or tray work works
well)
Tuning fork and bowl of water (optional)
C-2 Pitch Table Printout
Optional Materials for instruments (keep the finished products for lesson 2):
● Pen or pencil
● Cereal box
● Scissors
● Paper towel or toilet paper roll
● 2 plastic spoons
● Plastic egg
● Rice
● Tape (masking tape works well)
● Wax paper
● Colored Markers
● Wasabi tape
● Small plate or bowl (circle template)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWJALMLziOQ

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/artsandtechnology/music/pitchtoneandbeat/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCqpi5Ekwiw We’re gonna sing high, low, and in the middle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMLTF_0PAQw Sound waves high pitch and low pitch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tB737s4qNAk String tension pitch
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/introduction-to-sound-video-for-kids/

Lesson 2 Sound and Vibration Part 2

Materials:
Guitar/violin other stringed instruments preferred, but any instruments
Instruments made in Lesson 1 (optional)
Rubber Bands of various sizes
Optional: https://www.homesciencetools.com/product/sound-measurement-kit/

Activity:
Let’s use our bodies to better understand the terms we learned. Move your hands and forearms
up and down to represent a vibration.
Increasing the speed of up and down movement corresponds to increasing the frequency,
hence represents raising the pitch.
Move your hand really fast. Is this a high pitch or low pitch?
Increasing the distance that your hand moves up and down corresponds to increasing the
amplitude, hence the loudness.
Wave your hand really far up and down. Would that sound be quiet or loud?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymCa87hYIUE How do instruments make music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ihi3zUBr8nM The effects of tightening a guitar string on the
pitch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riN__Tx5v_U What is sound?
https://jr.brainpop.com/artsandtechnology/music/musicalinstruments/

Lesson 3 Transmission of Sound and Sound Energy

Materials:
Marbles
Bouncy balls (optional)
6 hardcover books with similar size
1 other hardcover book
Ruler with center groove
Wooden dowels
Duct tape
gumdrops

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB8w2FvPsBA&t=70s

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/energy/sound/
https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/hearing/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-xKZKxXuu0 What is sound?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkGOGzpbrCk The science of hearing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrLrMSKy7zY Your ear and sound waves
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GPGfDCZ1EE Sounds from the world’s favorite movies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nLlTquNCEI Science Max: Sound
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/communication-over-distances-video-for-kids/
 C-3 Concepts of Energy II: Kinetic and Potential
Energy and the Flow of Energy

Lesson 1 Concepts of Kinetic and Potential Energy

Materials:
Rubber bands
Balloons
Ramp (can be as simple as a propped book)
A small ball
A pendulum (a yo-yo or any heavy thing on a string works)
Spring powered toy (optional)
Popsicle sticks

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7j7l39ZAsU /
https://springfieldmuseums.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/chain-reaction-experiment.pdf

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASZv3tIK56k Kinetic and potential energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpxGp2P48kI STEMonstrations: Kinetic and potential
energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quxEz2qxo9s What’s the difference between potential and
kinetic energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU_rMVd6DkU&t= Potential, kinetic and mechanical energy
https://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/kineticenergy/
https://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/potentialenergy/

Lesson 2 Concepts of Kinetic and Potential Energy Pendulums

Materials:
A pendulum (a yo-yo or any heavy object on a string works)
Spring powered toy (optional)
Scale (optional)
Ramp (ruler with groove works well)
3 different sized balls
Juice container or Disposable cup
Yardsticks or meter sticks (or books and measuring tape)
Paper and pencil
Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hqfg7eDzXt8

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCMQRPQS9T4 High road, low road race
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkXYnY_LOHo mosa mack science potential and kinetic
energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62LKnm1PmIc What is gravitational potential energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAs18CU0pIQ potential energy and kinetic energy in a
pendulum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmrG_R8Qx3Y swinging pendulum: cool science
experiment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVkdfJ9PkRQ pendulum waves

Lesson 3 Relating Kinetic and Potential Energy to the Natural

World / Fuels that Power Technology and Society
Materials:
Pan (optional)
Match (optional)
Hand crank generator (emergency flashlights or radios work well)
Computer access for research

Activity:
Spend some time looking to see what types of renewable energy are used in your area.
Look for things like wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=656tnoXBf1U Energy changes form
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXjs66819i0 electricity its sources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPAien1dbEQ Operation ouch energy machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHOKe0Xy-Oc Energy from the sun to plants to you
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHztd6k5ZXY A guide to the energy of the Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg Energy 101: Electricity generations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZN5CthZhvg Ocean power plant generates energy from
waves
 C-3A Energy and Force

Week 1 The Concept and Measurement of Force

Materials:
Balloons
Rubber bands
Wind-up toy
Toy car
3 Building blocks
5 lb bag of sugar (or any other heavy item with a known weight)
Packaged items with labeled weights of various weights.
Toothpicks
Glue gun, gum drops, marshmallow (or other binding supplies)
Scale (spring or lifting scale work best)
Books

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCQ05BSGeiM

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAThuCmwp9I Pushing and pulling - force work and energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PD7a1EWjsTc Force work and energy relationship
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_LdcxCdB-s8 A force is a push or a pull
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEs9J2IQIZY&t= Gravity, force, work
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/forces/pushesandpulls/

Lesson 2 Importance of Knowing Forces / Force and Energy

Materials:
Rope for tug-of-war (optional)
Popsicle sticks
Glue gun
Sharp scissors
Fan
Tub of water

Activity:
Design a structure that can withstand both wind and wave forces. Design your own structure out
of popsicle sticks. Use the scissors (may need help from an adult) to cut the stick if necessary.
Use the glue gun (with adult supervision) to hold the sticks together.
Use a fan to test how it holds up to wind force.
Partially submerge it in a tub of water and use your hand to make waves. Does it survive the
force of the waves hitting it?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8HmRLCgDAI hydropower 101
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpigNNTQix8 Energy power 101: Hydropower
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-QgGXbDyR0 Why don’t perpetual motion machines work?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDbmcPnzwy4 The math behind Michael Jordan’s hangtime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7w6g3KlJzY DIY Water Wheel (optional project)

C-4 Concepts of Energy III: Distinguishing between

Matter and Energy
Materials:
Lesson
Glass
Tub of water
Thick rubber band
2 paper clips
9V battery
Empty cylindrical container with lid (empty nut can works well)
Phillips screwdriver
Tape

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQyK47SBkHw does the matter change into energy?

Supplements:
https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/measuringmatter/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GR2vu0r-zI matter versus energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=temkhfR2YLQ Build a Newton’s cradle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofgeRSCLyXc Collisions demo: newton’s cradle
 C-5 Inertia

Lesson 1 Revealing the Principle of Inertia

Materials:
Toy Cars
Egg
Toilet Paper Roll
Pie Tin
Water
Pint Glass
Food Coloring (Optional)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEueIWMRXNQ

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwmf73Bwky8 5 Inertia activities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZhjyP3-lME Inertia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV8dFX5lfTg Physics inertia experiment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LGi-Dlb8Vs Egg experiment to demonstrate inertia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1URC2G2qnc Projectile from a moving truck demo

Lesson 2 Relating Inertia to Energy

Materials:
Tray
Ice Cubes
3 bottles
Water
Cereal
3 balls with different weight (mass)
Large, hardcover book

Activity:
Fill one bottle with water, another with cereal and leave the third empty. Put a lid on the bottles.
Remember that when we lift an object higher it has more potential energy? We will use the book
to make a ramp. When we raise it higher we give our ball higher potential energy, that becomes
kinetic energy when we release the ball.
Experiment with the balls, bottles and ramp to see how changing the energy and weight (mass)
in the system allows one to more or less easily overcome the bottle’s interia. Remember,
change only one thing at a time and record your results.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wn-IXgxNSiE Inertia ball demonstration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvSClZ3vHOI swings, slides and science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_EV2KEnqoQ inertia beads
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z0X0yE8Ioc The difference between mass and weight

C-6 Friction

Lesson 1 The Concept of Friction: Its Advantage and

Disadvantage
Materials:
Ramps
Objects to slide, but not roll
Bicycle with brakes
2 Plastic Bottles
Rice
2 Chopstick or Pencils

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oJ_Kg30ULU

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ps90zArJEJY Slipping, Sliding Science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sF7nVSYPzo The fastest sled ride ever
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AX_lCOjLCTo Myth Busters: Phone book Friction

Lesson 2 Wheels and Friction

Materials:
Ramps
Objects to slide, but not roll
Objects to roll
2 smooth blocks
Scissors
Cardboard
Compass or circular template (the above lid would work)
Pen
Vegetable oil
Marbles
Lid, petri dish (or other circular item with sides that are about ¾ of a marble height)
Construction paper
Glue (glue gun works really well)
Scissors
Felt tip marker
2 Googly Eyes (optional)

Activity:
Let’s make our own ball bearing racers. Use the lid to outline a circle on your construction paper.
Cut out the circle.
Draw a ladybug on the circle. Add googly eyes.
Glue the ladybug to the lid.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RihQOUNsN9c How do ball bearings work?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwO2KQ7uZxY Friction is a force
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzG1aPw7YBc The Wheel: Great inventions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=117yJz1f9og Lubrication basics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFy3hacb3fg Friction and lubrication

Lesson 3 Friction, Heat, and Energy

Materials:
Wood block
Wad of paper to put under a heavy door
A heavy door to close
Large block of wood
Carpet surface
Sandpaper
Tile surface

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDk6Fm0oerU

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-jb04sERNo Science Max: Friction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0mVBeYGco0 Friction and heat - the speed of science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNPp83sDBjE Particle mechanics 33 - friction causes heat
Lesson 4 Wind and Water Resistance
Materials:
Glasses of water
Playdough

Activity:
Use the playdough to shape different projectiles to test in your water.
Drop the projectile at the top and see how quickly it travels to the bottom.
Race with a someone else and see who can design a projectile that gets to the bottom quickest.
How does your design reduce friction as it travels through the water?
Also, try to build something that sinks the slowest.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcYI7BvUQ6Y How do spacecraft survive re-entry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H877C_5BMkI types of Friction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5tN9nVLgcM the ups and downs of air turbulence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3i6tJ4XNqA Turbulence: one of the great unsolved
mysteries
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9GiZDoZvxE The most dangerous part of space travel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeR7Ayqr3VM DIY Wind Chimes (needs parent help)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjcOobt9Ef8 Can you boil water by just mixing it really fast
(older students)

C-7 Push Pushes Back

Lesson 1
Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwiosotOlWU&t=135s

Materials:
A door to close
Ball to throw (optional)
Balloon
3 pencils (or craft sticks)
2 liter bottle (or water bottle)
Duct tape (or rubber band)
Baking soda
Vinegar
Paper towel
Cork (or use paper towel wad)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTlvkXWzfXk&t=14s

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9ML4GA47Rg Physics of car crashes
https://www.brainpop.com/science/motionsforcesandtime/newtonslawsofmotion/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDfWvIaw8AE amazing science demo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_V_848AxZM Newton’s 3rd law examples
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eirTBW0rpI Make a rocket balloon car
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkVU-bj9bDk Newton’s 3rd law in space

D-1 Gravity I: The Concept of Gravity; Horizontal

and Vertical

Lesson 1 Gravity
Materials:
Object to drop
Glass of water
Oil
Pipette
Globe
Scale with objects to weigh
Disposable cup
Water
Pen
Container or sink

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EUEYStS8G4&t=16s

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/forces/gravity/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljRlB6TuMOU defining gravity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVF5FS81u2I gravity visualized
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmsVWgjtyns Gravity song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWZA9mZVqmI Forces: gravity and friction
Lesson 2 Horizontal and Vertical

Materials:
String
Heavy washer or nut (keep the plumb bob you build for next lesson)
Large Marble
level
Clear glass of water
Protractor http://www.ossmann.com/protractor/conventional-protractor.pdf
Playdough
Popsicle sticks

Activity:
Try to build a wall of popsicle sticks in playdough.
See if you can make vertical walls and a horizontal roof.
How is gravity affecting your sticks?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HsVnOKWpHo horizontal vertical song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gzd_lsNwTOI using a protractor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_n3KZR1DSEo angles and degrees (older kids)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFqf6aKdOC0 Why doesn’t the pisa tower fall?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLslrQ_oJy4 vertical horizontal illusion
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/what-is-engineering-video-for-kids/

Lesson 3 Gravity and the Orbits of Heavenly Bodies and Satellites

Materials:
Plumb bob that was previously built
Paper clips
dowel
Strong, small magnets
blocks
Ruler (metal is better)
String
Scissors
Tape

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnfTgTVSUnU&t=1s
Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhS8K4gFu4s why the solar system can exist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0_GLKU0NEY&list=TLPQMTYwNDIwMjBWXFZXhj-XLg&i
ndex=2 everything revolves around you
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGVXyCrpUn8 orbits are odd
Magic Schoolbus Gravity
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/space/solarsystem/
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/space/earth/

D-2 Day and Night and the Earth’s Rotation

Lesson 1 Earth Rotation

Materials:
Globe
Lamp
Human figure and a bit of clay to stick them to the globe (or toothpaste and a grain of rice)
Post it note to mark direction of rotation
Playdough or Clay
Pencil, stick or dowel
Googling eyes
Flashlights

Activity:
We are going to make our own models of the earth to take home.
We are inserting the pencil into the play dough ball (about the size of your fist).
Then place your googly eye in the spot where you want to stand on your Earth.
Shine your flashlight on your earth and experience sunrise and sunset.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l64YwNl1wr0&t=70s Earth’s rotation and revolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wr-CRKsTYGs day and night
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXe0yxzYkjo
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/space/moon/

D-3 Reading and Drawing Maps

Lesson 1 Drawing Maps / Reading Maps

Materials:
Pencil
Papers
Ruler
Device with access to Google Maps
Local map (it can be printed online)
Animal figurine
Colored pencils, markers, crayons

Activity:
Look at local maps and navigate /
Draw a Fantasy House: Pick out an animal figurine.
Draw a map of that animal’s fantasy house.
How many rooms does it have?
What is in the backyard?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCkdof816c4 Cat in the hat maps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7k7CeWDtWs know your globe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp8VOG8Cgag Learn about maps-symbols, map key,
compass rose
https://jr.brainpop.com/socialstudies/geography/readingmaps/

D-3A North, East, South, and West

Lesson 1 Designating Directions on the Globe and Determining

Them in the Real World
Materials:
Globe on stand
Ball with pattern or that can be drawn upon (at least soccer ball sized)
Marker, Pencil or Pen
Paper
Ruler (optional, but can help with drawing straight lines)
Crayons or markers

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jjyONxan3A&t=10s /
Find a spot to stand on.
Take 2 steps North.
Now 3 steps West.
1 step South.
2 steps East.
1 step South.
1 step East.
Did you end up back on your original spot?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2I81_BFb-s Cardinal directions song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZd46xbrAoM does the sun always rise in the east?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Te0Td0QVoj0 North South East West
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIuVN5GcB60 North South East West Directions

Lesson 2 Connecting Maps to the Globe and the Real World

Materials:

Activity:
How to be a Scientist pg. 84 Make a Compass
Make a map of your neighborhood using Google maps. Drive toy cars on the map.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xm13Kq_E1ik the sun’s surprising movement across the sky
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/space/sun/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MQUIYsmQhc How to use a compass

D-4 Landforms and Major Biomes of the Earth

Lesson 1 The Earth’s Topography and Water / Climates and

Biomes
Materials:
Globe - preferably one that shows climates
magazines or pictures of different animals and their habitats (optional)
Sand, dirt, sticks, leaves and/or rocks
Large container
Waterproof figurines
Water
Internet access

Activity:
Make our own Watershed: Use sand, rocks, sticks, leaves and dirt to make a landscape in a
container. Add plastic or wooden figures.
Slowly pour a bit of water to simulate rain.
What happens?
Check Google Earth to see your local watershed.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNWuQD7QHBc the water bodies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pwW2rlGIa8 watersheds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMZy4CSW0eY Mississippi watershed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jw5K1OJJ0Q usa watersheds animation
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/weather/watercycle/

Lesson 2 Climates and Biomes

Materials:
Paper
Crayons, pencil, or markers to draw with
Pictures of animals and plants
Glue
Scissors

Activity:
Create a picture of an animal you like in its environment. Draw or use cutout pictures to show
the climate where the animal lives.
What does the animal eat?
Where does it get water and where does that water come from?
Does it do anything to make its environment more suitable to its needs (like build a nest)?
What other plants and animals can be found in the biome?

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fb8143ndo8 Biomes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4crvs-KTBw&t= desserts 101
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vijLre760w&t= rainforests 101
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RT6x5GVPFG8 what are tundras
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FUWFMSlGfM the temperate deciduous forest biome
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVZExLO0MWA severe weather
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD-2dvaG4UY weather channels
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/habitats/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbAWny7FV3w weather climate
Lesson 3 Biomes and Human Development
Materials:
Glue gun
Scissors
Paper
Popsicle sticks
Ruler
Pencil

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uz4Jq_9R3c&t=11s

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amrCMakolKA what is irrigation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsiWFloEaaA the 7 most extreme places on Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywBwXyF1UuI this is the town where people live
underground
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONhA0-Sb_zM in antarctica a town that thrives despite the
shivers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEMht4Q-1kc 15 weirdest houses in the world
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-s3j-ptJD10 logistics of living in antarctica (older students)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkRRo5DN9lI logistics of space station (older students)

D-5 Time and the Earth’s Turning

Lesson 1 Relating Time to the Earth’s Turning

Materials:
Chalk
Globe
Flashlight

Activity:
Trace your shadow with chalk on pavement on a clear, sunny day. Be sure to stand up straight
and still.
Trace the exact position of your feet, as well as the rest of your shadow. Place a dot at the top
and center of the head of the shadow.
After at least an hour, repeat this, taking care to stand in exactly the same place and position.
Continue this at roughly hour long intervals throughout the day.
Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBpTohx1BOc How trains standardized time
https://jr.brainpop.com/math/time/timetotheminute/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEStq1e1Qrc Day/Hour/Minute/Second
https://www.brainpop.com/science/space/daylightsavingtime/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjlqdZApUbw daylight savings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l64YwNl1wr0 Earth’s Rotation and revolution
https://www.brainpop.com/science/space/timezones/

Lesson 2 Making a Sundial to Tell Time / Using a Sundial to Tell

Time
Materials:
Paper plate
Straw
Felt tip pen
Scissors or other sharp object to pierce plate
Globe
Flashlight
Clay
Rice grain

Activity:
Make a sundial. Place a mark in the center of an upside down paper plate.
Make a hole where the mark is and insert the straw.
Place the plate in a location that will remain in the sun the entire day.
Throughout the day, on the hour, trace the shadow of your straw onto the plate using a felt tip
pen, and mark the time.
If possible do this hourly from sunrise to sunset, or as many hours as possible.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeSexM-wVzA make your own sundial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4u1eXP1PA0 sundial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu3Pb6RNyy4 sundial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjSwRwAqQA4 a brief history of timekeeping
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZYdUgehdZM solar day versus sidereal day
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JmFNfHtGAjQ sidereal day
 D-6 Seasonal Changes and the Earth’s Orbit
Notes: The model should be built at the beginning of the year and data collected throughout the
year.

Lesson 1 Modeling the Earth in Its Orbit Around the Sun

Materials:
4 Strips of poster paper (consider laminating after labeling)
Markers
Sphere to represent the sun (Gold disco ball works well)
Globe (or inflatable globe)
String
Tape or other adhesive
Observations Sheet
Binder

Activity:
Make model: On twelve approximately 4X18 inch strips of poster paper, clearly print the name of
each month. These can be laminated. At the position of the room determined to be north post
December at the top of the wall just below the ceiling where it can be clearly seen but is out of
the way. To be west, post March. To the south, post June, and to the east, post September. Post
the other months evenly in between. The end result is a counterclockwise, circular calendar
around the room.
Suspend a sizable ball representing the sun in the center of the room just below the ceiling
where it will be out of the way. Place a globe, on a high still or stand near the side of the room
under the current date (as close as possible). Adjust the globe so that its tilt is toward the north
(December).
Make first log entry.

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/math/time/calendaranddates/
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/space/sun/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYXior2j_bI Leap Year
What's so special about Polaris, the North Star?

Lesson 2 Correlating Weather and Natural Biota with the Earth’s

Orbit
Materials:
Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/weather/ all except water cycle

D-7 Gravity II: Rate of Fall, Weightlessness in

Space, and Distinction between Mass and Weight

Lesson 1 Things Fall at the Same Rate

Materials:
Variety of items for dropping (make sure to use objects made of solid materials)
Marble
Paper
Tin can filled with water
Scale
Paper and pencil
Materials such as paper and linen to try to slow descent
String and rubber bands

Activity:
Take some of the items you dropped to start and weigh them.
Record the weights.
Add materials to increase the friction and slow the items. Drop items of similar weight and see
which lands first.

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab_g5sLoXoY playtime with parachutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4Jgh9V9gwE parachute adventure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-FHzf4xnWw flying squirrel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLbkVanjHVU flying snakes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nEwte-x-iw&list=PLwQCf3B3fgKPr7QSzxzWlwFRSc-voJJ9
W&index=2 flying fish
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EUEYStS8G4 gravity water cup drop

Lesson 2 Weightlessness in Free Fall and in Space

Materials:
Pillow
Scale
Item to drop on the scale
A string with a weight tied to the end (the plumb bob from D-1)
Chalk (or other way to mark out a circle on the floor)
Swing (optional)
Plastic Cup (optional)
Rock (optional)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXkq6V7Ipi0

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWGJA9i18Co music video that plays in zero G
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxcx35x5L9Y falling object crash course
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7v-viGyoZAU the physics of weightless flight
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysdglvr7s7E what is weightlessness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2k-2IlJcaHg would you weigh less in an elevator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IC1JQu9xGHQ how do satellites get and stay in orbit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03pZdYVacaM what is a satellite

Lesson 3 Distinction between Mass and Weight

Materials:
Balance scale
Weights (or objects with a known weight)
Items to weigh

Activity:
Experimenting with a Balance: Compare the weights of various items to each other as well as
the standard weights (Practice using a kitchen scale, if you don’t have a balance.)

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKHEanz5ayM How do astronauts weigh themselves?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zzi4EQKBbOY weight in space
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD3t7u2vVfQ want to know your weight on different planets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqVQxPRobgw A beginners guide to the metric system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7omxmCDpW7U measurement mystery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bUVjJWA6Vw why the metric system matters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5V69ThkahgI Why isn’t a kilogram a kilogram
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPmwZc5DwTE a kilogram is now a kilogram (older
students)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhD8GFwy734 What do astronauts do?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOCixRhRGDw take a tour of the space station
 D-8 Rocks and Fossils

Lesson 1 Erosion
Materials:
Fossils (optional)
Deep pan
Water
Paper cup
Scissors
Dirt or soil (Dirt from a yard works better than potting soil)

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im4HVXMGI68

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/land/slowlandchanges/
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/land/fastlandchanges/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-Iak3Wvh9c weathering and erosion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YETdZyZI6es make your own erosion
https://www.generationgenius.com/videolessons/timescale-of-earths-events-video-for-kids/

Lesson 2 Sediment moving and forming rocks / forming fossils

Materials:
Clear container with lid
Water
Dirt
Fossils (optional)
Starburst (or other soft, chewy candy)
Plastic bag
Butter knife

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIpEjyS7yLE&t=11s

Supplements:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRuSmxJo_iA fossils 101
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87E8bQrX4Wg how fossils form
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqsTS67BKmA the power of water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN6QX43QB4g&t=3s landforms
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/land/fossils/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwT1e8R4hz0 Water Breaks Down Rocks

Week 3 Limestone and Fossils

Materials:
How to Be a Scientist pg. 132 Make impact craters

Activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMdN5nNMtCo&t=5s

Supplements:
https://jr.brainpop.com/science/land/rocksandminerals/

Week 4 The Stories Rocks Tell / Geological Epics and Time

Materials:
How to Be a Scientist pg. 132 Make impact craters

Supplements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tr6kAfXIwRs The Rock Cycle