Page I – Cover Page

 Title: Legal Provisions and their Philosophical Background/ Lex Est Ratio
Page II – Introduction
 Why law was created
 Law is aimed for the common good
 Its purpose is to protect life, liberty and property
 There is always a reason behind why the law is structured
 Introduce that in this paper, I will explain…
Page III – People as Sovereign
Provision Content Ratio
Art. 2, Sec. 1, “The Philippines is a democratic Philawsophia, page 73
1987 Consti and republican State. Sovereignty Hobbes and More – Concept of Social
resides in the people and all Contract
government authority emanates
from them.”
Art. 2, Sec 6, “The separation of Church and Philawsophia, page 156
1987 Costi State shall be inviolable”.

Art. 2, Sec. 25, “The State shall ensure the GR.227926

1987 Consti autonomy of local governments.”

Art. 3, Sec. 17, “No person shall be compelled to be Philawsophia, page 147
1987 Consti a witness against himself.”

Art. 3, Sec. 16, All persons shall have the right to a https://mb.com.ph/2021/11/07/
1987 Consti speedy disposition of their cases persons-right-to-speedy-disposition-of-
before all judicial, quasi-judicial, orcase-not-without-limitations-supreme-
administrative bodies. court/
GR 231144
Art. 3, Sec 4 “(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the Philawsophia, page 159
(2), 1987 accused shall be presumed
Consti innocent until the contrary is proved,
and shall enjoy the right to be heard
by himself and counsel, to be
informed of the nature and cause of
the accusation against him, to have
a speedy, impartial, and public trial,
to meet the witnesses face to face,
and to have compulsory process to
secure the attendance of witnesses
and the production of evidence in
his behalf. However, after
arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the
accused provided that he has been
duly notified and his failure to
appear is unjustifiable.”
Art. 3, Sec 20, No person shall be imprisoned for Philawsophia, page 101
1987 Consti debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
 Art. 3, Sec 5,  No law shall be made respecting Refer to the link below
1987 Consti an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship,
without discrimination or preference,
shall forever be allowed. No
religious test shall be required for
the exercise of civil or political
rights.
Art. XI, Sec. 1, Public office is a public trust. Public Refer back to Locke’s concept of
1987 Consti officers and employees must at all social contract
times be accountable to the people,
serve them with utmost
responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and
efficiency, act with patriotism and
justice, and lead modest lives.
Art. XIII, Sec. The State shall protect working Philawsophia, pahe 183
14, 1987 Consti women by providing safe and
healthful working conditions, taking
into account their maternal
functions, and such facilities and
opportunities that will enhance their
welfare and enable them to realize
their full potential in the service of
the nation.
Art. 4, Labor All doubts in the implementation Philawsophia, page 171
Code and interpretation of the provisions
of this code, including its
implementing rules and regulations,
shall be in favour of the labor.
Art. 3, CC Ignorance of the law excuses no Philawsophia, page 122
one from compliance therewith
Art. 21, CC  Any person who wilfully causes Refer to handouts/ social contract
loss or injury to another in manner
that is contrary to morals, good
customs or public policy shall
compensate the latter for the
damage.
.
Debt:
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%2Dpayment%20of%20debt,against%20non%2Dimprisonment%20for%20debt