Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake

Engineering

Volume 50

Series Editor
Atilla Ansal, School of Engineering, Özyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey

Editorial Board
Julian Bommer, Imperial College, London, UK
Jonathan D. Bray, University of California, Berkeley, Walnut Creek, USA
Kyriazis Pitilakis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Susumu Yasuda, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Japan
The book series entitled Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering has been initiated
to provide carefully selected and reviewed information from the most recent findings and observa-
tions in these engineering fields. Researchers as well as practitioners in these interdisciplinary fields
will find valuable information in these book volumes, contributing to advancing the state-of-the-art
and state-of-the-practice. This book series comprises monographs, edited volumes, handbooks as
well as occasionally symposia and workshop proceedings volumes on the broad topics of geotech-
nical, geological and earthquake engineering. The topics covered are theoretical and applied soil
mechanics, foundation engineering, geotechnical earthquake engineering, earthquake engineering,
rock mechanics, engineering geology, engineering seismology, earthquake hazard, etc.
Prospective authors and/or editors should consult the Series Editor Atilla Ansal for more
details. Any comments or suggestions for future volumes are welcomed.
EDITORS AND EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS IN THE GEOTECHNICAL, GEOLOG-
ICAL AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING BOOK SERIES:
Series Editor:
Atilla Ansal
Ozyegin University
School of Engineering
Alemdag Çekmeköy 34794, Istanbul, Turkey
Email: atilla.ansal@ozyegin.edu.tr

Advisory Board
Julian J. Bommer
Imperial College
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Imperial College Road
London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Email: j.bommer@imperial.ac.uk
Jonathan D. Bray
University of California, Berkeley
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
453 David Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Email: jonbray@berkeley.edu
Kyriazis Pitilakis
Aristotle University Thessaloniki
Department of Civil Engineering
Laboratory of Soil Mechanics and Foundations
University Campus
54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Email: pitilakis@civil.auth.gr
Susumu Yasuda
Tokyo Denki University
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Hatoyama-Cho
Hiki-gun
Saitama 350-0394, Tokyo, Japan
Email: yasuda@g.dendai.ac.jp

More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/6011

Rita Bento · Mario De Stefano · Dietlinde Köber ·
Zbigniew Zembaty
Editors

Seismic Behaviour
and Design of Irregular
and Complex Civil Structures
IV
Editors
Rita Bento Mario De Stefano
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Architecture
Architecture, Georesources Università degli Studi di Firenze
Instituto Superior Técnico, University Florence, Italy
of Lisbon
Lisbon, Portugal Zbigniew Zembaty
Opole University of Technology
Dietlinde Köber Opole, Poland
Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Technical University of Civil Engineering
Bucharest
Bucharest, Romania

ISSN 1573-6059 ISSN 1872-4671 (electronic)

Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering
ISBN 978-3-030-83220-9 ISBN 978-3-030-83221-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83221-6

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
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Introduction

This volume contains papers of the 9th European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour
of Irregular and Complex Structures (9EWICS) held in Lisbon, Portugal, in 2020.
This workshop, organized at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon,
continued the successful three-annual series of workshops started back in 1996. Its
organization had the sponsorship of Working Group 8 (Seismic Behaviour of Irregular
and Complex Structures) of the European Association of Earthquake Engineering.
This international event provided a platform for discussion and exchange of ideas
and unveiled new insights on the possibilities and challenges of irregular and complex
structures under seismic actions. The topics addressed include criteria for regularity,
seismic design of irregular structures, seismic assessment of irregular and complex
structures, retrofit of irregular and complex structures, and soil-structure interac-
tion for irregular and complex structures. Beyond an excellent number of inter-
esting papers on these topics, this volume includes the papers of the two invited
lectures—one devoted to irregularities in RC buildings, including perspectives in
current seismic design codes, difficulties in their application and further research
needs, and another one dedicated to the challenging and very up to date topic in the
area of seismic response of masonry building aggregates in historical centers. This
volume includes 26 contributions from authors of 11 countries, giving a complete
and international view of the problem.
The holds particular interest for all the community involved in the challenging
task of seismic design, assessment and/or retrofit of irregular and complex structures.

v
Contents

Irregularities in RC Buildings: Perspectives in Current Seismic

Design Codes, Difficulties in Their Application and Further
Research Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Humberto Varum, José Melo, André Furtado, and André Lima
Seismic Response of Masonry Building Aggregates in Historic
Centres: Observations, Analyses and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Andrea Penna, Annalisa Rosti, and Maria Rota
Seismic Enforced Displacement-Based Pushover Analysis
on Irregular In-Plan R/C Multi-storey Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Triantafyllos K. Makarios and Athanasios P. Bakalis
Design Approach for an Irregular Hospital Building in Bucharest . . . . . . 49
Dietlinde Köber, Paul Semrau, and Felix Weber
Seismic Capacity of EC8 Compliant RC Frames with Irregular
Vertical Distribution of Stiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Francesca Barbagallo, Melina Bosco, Aurelio Ghersi,
Edoardo M. Marino, and Pier Paolo Rossi
The Effect of the Number and Height of Adjacent Buildings
on the Seismic Response of Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Behroozeh Sharifi and Gholamreza Nouri
Evaluation of Torsional Parameters in Seismic Code Provisions
for Multi-story Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Luis Ardila, Juan C. Reyes, and Maria P. Moreno
Multiobjective Optimization of Long Irregular RC Bridges’ Piers
Subjected to Strong Motions and Definition of Classification Tree
Surrogate Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Vitor Camacho, Nuno Horta, and Mário Lopes

vii
viii Contents

The Slenderness of Buildings in Plan as a Structural Regularity

Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Grigorios E. Manoukas and Asimina Athanatopoulou
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Accidental Eccentricity
in Capturing the Effects of Irregular Masonry Infills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Konstantinos Kostinakis and Asimina Athanatopoulou
Design of Irregular Frames with Fluid Viscous Dampers Using
Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Ohad Idels and Oren Lavan
Stiffening Solution of Façade Frames for Reducing the Eccentricity
in Plan-Irregular Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Gabriel Moyano and Jesús-Miguel Bairán
Retrofitting of Irregular Structures for Seismic Loads Using
Rocking Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Ameer Marzok and Oren Lavan
Seismic Retrofitting of Irregular Mixed Masonry-RC Buildings:
Case Study in Lisbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
João Rodrigues, Jelena Milosevic Ilic, and Rita Bento
Seismic Behaviour of Torsionally-Weak Buildings with and Without
Base Isolators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Juan C. Reyes
Use of Fluid Dampers in Order to Improve the Seismic
Performance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Asymmetric
Plan-View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Angelos Krystallis, Asimina Athanatopoulou,
and Konstantinos Kostinakis
Evaluating the Effect of the Various Directions of Seismic Input
on an Irregular Building: The Former Uto City Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Kenji Fujii
Performance of RC Beam Column Joint with Varying Hoop
Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Ashish B. Ugale and Suraj N. Khante
Dynamic Identification and Structural Behavior of an Irregular
School Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Riccardo Mario Azzara, Vieri Cardinali, Mario De Stefano,
Marco Tanganelli, and Stefania Viti
Contents ix

Influence of Plan Irregularity in the Seismic Vulnerability

Assessment of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with RC
Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Vieri Cardinali, Marco Tanganelli, Mario De Stefano, and Rita Bento
Multidirectional Lateral Loads and Combination Rules
in Pushover Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Cristina Cantagallo, Francesco A. Pellegrini, Enrico Spacone,
and Guido Camata
Effects of Column Base Flexibility on Seismic Response of Steel
Moment-Frame Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Tomasz Falborski, Ahmand Hassan, and Amit Kanvinde
Seismic Risk Assessment of Existing RC Frame-Buildings
with Shear Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Beatrice Belletti, Enzo Martinelli, Elena Michelini, Michela Tavano,
and Francesca Vecchi
Seismic Assessment of RC Buildings Considering the Influence
of Vertical Irregularities: Framed and Wall-Frame Structures . . . . . . . . . 287
Maria-Victoria Requena-Garcia-Cruz, Rita Couto, Rita Bento,
and Antonio Morales-Esteban
Analysis of the Influence of Atriums in Seismic Performance of RC
Primary School Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Beatriz Zapico-Blanco, Maria-Victoria Requena-Garcia-Cruz,
Emilio Romero-Sánchez, Jaime de-Miguel-Rodríguez,
and Antonio Morales-Esteban
Modified Modal Response Spectrum Analysis of Plan Irregular
Highly Torsionally-Stiff Structures Under Seismic Demands . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Saúl López, Daniel Pancardo, Mario De Stefano, Gustavo Ayala,
and Valerio Alecci