MACRO-

MOLECULES
Allotrope:
the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or
more different forms, in the same physical state.
Example:
graphite and diamond are both allotropes of carbon that
occur in the solid state.

DIAMOND
Diamonds do not conduct electricity. diamonds could not
conduct electricity due to a tetrahedron structure made
by covalent bonds between carbon atoms, which doesn't
allow for free electrons to carry current.The ultimate
melting point of diamond is about 4,027° Celsius.

Uses of diamonds:
Because diamonds are so hard and durable, they are good for grinding,
cutting, drilling, and polishing. When used as an abrasive, very small pieces
of diamond are embedded into grinding wheels, saw blades, or drill bits
and they are mostly used for jewelry.

GRAPHITE
Graphite has a melting point similar to diamond of around
3600°C , graphite still has a very high melting a because the
strong covalent bonds that hold the carbon atoms together in
the layers require a lot of heat energy to break.Graphite is an
electrical conductor,It can conduct electricity due to the vast
electron delocalization within the carbon layers

Uses of Graphite:
Graphite is used in pencils and lubricants. It is a good conductor of heat
and electricity. Its high conductivity makes it useful in electronic products
such as electrodes, batteries, and solar panels.

SILICON DIOXIDE
Silicon dioxide is made up of many silicon and
oxygen atoms.All the atoms are limbed together by a
strong covalent bond.The melting point of Silicon
dioxide is 1710 C , Silicon dioxide does not conduct
electricity because it does not have a delocalized
electrons

Uses of Silicon dioxide:

Silicon dioxide is widely used in food products as a thickener, anti-
caking agent, and carrier for fragrances and flavors.

GRAPHENE
Graphite has a giant covalent structure in which
each carbon atom is joined to three other carbon
atoms by strong covalent bonds.The melting points
of Graphene is 3697 C.Graphene can conduct
electricity because its delocalized cells are free to
move .

Uses of Graphene:
Graphene's unique properties allow for groundbreaking biomedical
applications: targeted drug delivery improved brain penetration DIY health-
testing kits and smart implants.Energy and membranes

sources:
Kognity and notes
BY NASSAR NASSER , YAMAAN JARARR ,
SALEH AL HAJRI