Chapter 3

Topic:

S.J. & PC

- B. ………………. & grew up ………………. (later known ……………………………)

- 14yrs old, friend S. Wozniak ‘…………………………………’

- …………………, W designed …………………… → J’s ………………..brain

- …………………., J & W founded ……………………………. & started

……………….PC

- ……………, Apple II _ ………………… → world’s 1st …………….PC →J (25) M.

S.J & new co.

- J, …………………. not always good ……………………→ left A. & started ………..

- biz w/Pixar using CGI (………………………………………………… in animated films

- 1995, Toy Story → …………… → Pixar ………………………..co → J _ billionair

S.J & vision

- 1995 J ……………………, many changes w/ vision _ PC : ………….. + ………………

- 1998, iMac _ new …………………….

- …………………, iBook _ ………………………… → popular → …………for A again

- ………….., A’s “digital hub” strategy _ connecting comp. 2 cam. …………. using

“apps” iTunes,

- 2001, iPod _ …………………

 - ………….., iPhone ( iPod+cam.+ phone)

- ………….., iPad _ small, light comp, just ………………………………………

- ………….. (b4 died) Apple iCloud _ A. users store & manage data +apps

………………… & ……………

Chapter 6

How Rs wrk?

- needs …………………… = brain → directs R’s …………………………………

- How Rs learn 2 wk?
+ w/ ………………………………………………………
→teach industrial Rs:
+ person uses ………………………………. → guide R’s “arm + hand”
+ ……………………………………… in comp memory
+ use …………………………………. gather info. → direct axns
• find box
• decide ………………………………..
• ~ force needed 2 ……………………………………..
• ………………………………… put box down
- repeats process over + over until ………………………………………
- does same job until given new job + program

Future Rs

- …………………………> today’s Rs
- > …………………………………………
- Even wrk & ……………………………………..

Industrial Rs vs autonomous Rs

- I. Rs = ……………………………………………
+ ……………………………… follow specific movmnts
+ parts move , Rs not
 - …………………………………
+ ∆ in relations 2 ……………………………………….
+ whls = …………………………………….. + ∆ direction when obstacle in way
Eg; ASIMO
• ……………………… movmnt nearby
• ……………………………. coming twrds
• learn dance by following ………………………………………………..

Chapter 8

Topic:

F.L.

- found in …………… & ……………….

Ex: encyclopedia, ………….., ………………, sch. papers

- used 2 give ………………/ ……………/ conv. w/ strangers/……………………………

I.L

- used 2 talk w/ …………………………. & found in personal notes,

……………………………………

F. L I. L

More polite

……………….

Ex: 2 superior Ex: 2 …………………………….

“Would you mind closing the
door?”/
“………………………………….”
“ Excuse me,
……………………..?”
 “would”, “Could” → “please” not “would u”/
…………………… “……………….”

Use of …………………………………

Ex: ur like 4 soccer 2 ……./ Ex: ur like 4 soccer 2

parents’ fr. …………………….

“ …………………………”/ “ …………………………”

“…………………………..”

abt P. 2 ………………. abt P. 2 ……………….

“ ………………………..” “ ………………………..”

Distinction b/w F.L & I.L & nonnative speaker of E.

- line b/w F.L & I.L ……………………

- today ………………………………………past
- NSOE ……………………….
+ F.L : speech used …………………………………………………..
+ I.L: “ “ ……………………………………………………

Chapter 9

Topic:
P. & Social psychologist
- def: “ the ability …………/ ………….. the axn of other people”
- need 4 ……………….. 1 of ……………………
- no P - ……………………→w/ P. ……………………
4 types of P.
1. ………………….
-1 of ……………………………….
+ own sense of P. → ……………….. ppl w/o P.
 Ex: ………………………………. esp int. may not accurate → ppl
………………
2. ……………………..
-U identify w/ per. → per. influence ……………………….
-ppl. imitate & ………………… by per. they identify w/
Ex: use of P. 4 …………………
Jonestown, G. > 900 ppl. ………………… religious leader told them 2
do
-R.P. 4 …………. purposes → ur ………………..

3. ………………………………

- govt. ……………………..

Ex: …………./ ……………….. → most ppl ………………..

-Police/………………
Ex: exp. by psychologist
Psy. in everyday clothes asked ppl move away fr. bus stop → few
……………..
“ “ …………….. “ “ “ “ “ “ “ → ……… “
4……………………………..
-skilled ………………._ sci/……………..
-knowledge abt …………… → impress ppl. → use skill & knowledge
………………………
5……………………………..
-reward/……………..per’s ………………………………..
-R. ∆ axns/be. b/c giving ppl. chance ………………………………
-C P. may/may not cause what P. per. wants → careful in using C.P.

Chapter 12

Topic:
 - T: left ………… ,Apr………….. & sank @ ……………………… 4 dys later
- C.C “ …………., Jan ………….. & “ off ………………………, ……………….

Differences – Similarities Differences

TITANIC T & C.C COSTA CONCORDIA

-captain ………....................... ………………. -captain…………………………..

-………………………… liner +T: ……………….. -…………………………….. →

→……………………………& +C.C.: ………………. …………………………………. &

sank ……………………waters ……………………. sank ……………………………..

-cause: hit ……………………. ……………………. @sinking -cause: hit………………………

-# lives lost EX: - # lives lost

+ …………………. died +T: + ……………………… died

+ ………………… survivors *bravery: ………………… +…………………… survivors

-lifeboats: …………………. …………………………… -lifeboats: more than needed

*cowardice: ………………

……………………………

*………………………….

Chapter 13

Topic:

Disappearance D. _ WHY? WHAT?

2 theories

Theory 1: ……………………………..  ………………………….

- M. yrs climate cooler → plants died → …………………………→ ……………….

- Sci’con: …………….. C.C → D. ………………………….

Theory 2: …………………………….. → D.. …………………………….

- Huge A. hit earth …………………………. → …………………………………

- dust ……………………………… & blocked out …………………………..
- no sun ……………………….. → ………………………………. → D.’s food ………….

Evidence of A.

- late 20th cent. Iridium found ……………………………..

- in layers of E. 65 M.yrs ago _ same place bones ………………………....
- not common on E: unusually near ……………………….., often found
………………………

Scientists’ explanations

- larger amount …………………………………………..

- asteroid impact → food ……………………… → …………………………….

Possible new theory ……………………._ may be b/c ……………………………….

Chapter 15

Topic:

Disappearance of animals & plants

- b/c ……………………, ex: ……………………. (past)

- endangered ………………………………………(today)

Causes of endangered species by ……………………………

1. ………………………………
a. …………………………
 - an. & plts live in …………… env. _ ……………………..
- cannot ……………. w/o ……………………., ex: f. under H20
Ex;
+ clearance of habitats 4 areas ppl. ………………………………..,ex: growing crops
+ ………………..fr. swamps
+ building dams 2 provide H20 4 …………………………………
b. …………………………..
- H. A. → ……………………… by ………………………………farming
- oil spills, ex: oil tankers w/ acc. → ………………….
- ………………., ex: by …………… coal & oil
2. …………………………..
despite E.S.-protecting laws, T.,E. R. hunted ………. 4 …………. /esp.
………………….:
+ T: 4 ……………..; ~ …………………… Left
+ E: “ …………… .: souvenirs & …………2 sell 2 ……………… & ……………….
+ R: “…………….: medicine (w/o med. benefits); ………….., 333 killed ………
3. …………………………..
-an. & pls compete w/ others 4 ………………………………. _naturally
-native S. “ “ …………… S by humans ……………./ ……………………….
+ ………………..
• E. rabbits brought 2 Oz 4 ……………& wild R.S. 4 …………….
• R. ……………. ………→ native pls. ……………….. → Oz an. ……………….
+ …………….
• brown tree snakes brought 2 ……………………… in …………….
• S………………on milit. supply planes → large part of ……………………….

Conclusion

- Living things …………………. ea. other 2 survive

- Destruction 1 S → ……………………………. others
- H …………………………. → ………………→………………………….in future
Chapter 2

Topic:

Colonial period

- settlers/ colonists: early Britons, ………………………………………….Afr. blacks

(as slaves)

- …………….inde. fr. Britain

+ ………….. not British

+ majority spoke E. & ……………………………………

Great Immigration (..............................................)

- 1st stage (…………………………….)

+ b4 1830: …………………………………………
+ 1830s: ~ 600,000

+ ……………………………….
+ 1850s:………………, most fr. ……………………………

- 2nd stage (………………………….)

+ ………………………………..

+ most fr. Ger, Ireland, G.Bri. & smaller but significant fr.
……………………………..

- 3rd stage (1890 – 1930) _ …………………

+ ……………………..most fr. Gr, I, Port, Sp (S. Eu) & ……………………………..

Reasons for Great Immigration

- ………………….: Eu. Pop. doubled (most important)

- Industrial Revolution → ………………………….

- ………………………………. → land scarcity → available land in U.S.: great

attraction

- Great attractions in U.S.

+ 1862, U.S govt. offered land free 2 ……………………..

+ ……………………….jobs

+ freedom fr. ………………&……………….persecution

- Direct results ……………………..→ desperate sit.

Ex; frequent failure of potato crop in ………………………………..→ widespread

starvation

- ……………………………………in 1840s → regular trips across ocean carrying lots

of ppl.

Remarks about the decline in immigration

- 1940 – 1970: 9mil – 10mil I.

- Reasons for decline

+ laws limited # I. fr. ………………_ Chinese Exclusion Act 1882_ & other parts of

world

+ Economic & political events:

………………………………&……………………………

Current immigration situation

- ……………………………………………………………. eliminated → I.

- 2010,………………….( ¾ legal) in U.S., 12.8% pop. →………………... in history

 - ……………... fr. Latin Am.1st (Mexico w/ 12 M),

………………………………………….

Reasons for current immigration (……………………………….)

1. ………………………………………….

2. …………………………… in home count.

3. Desire 2 join …………………………………………..

Immigration in future

- ………………………& ………………………..→ I.

- ………………………………………………..+ sanctions against employers hiring

illegal I.+ ………………………………………… in home → I.

Chapter 4
Topic:
Statistics on married ppl
- 1960: W, …..; His, …….; B, …….. (Y _..............................................)
- Today: W, …..; His, …….; B, …….. (~ _ ~ _ …………………..)

≠ social scientists’ views on marriage state in U.S.

- Negative:  in marriage & ……………………………………….

- Positive : ∆ in culture → ………………………………………….
➔ Economic & cultural elements interact w/ ea. other → ∆

Three periods by sociologist Barbara Dafoe Whitehead

1. Era of traditional family (…………………………………)

+ after W.W.II, very strong eco., rising standard of living & growing middle class
+ typical configuration of family: married couple w/ children, ………………, wife as
housewife
 + low divorce rates + high birth rates
+ 3 outstanding characteristics:
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………………
• very clear gender (@ home & work)
2. ……………………………………… (mid-60s _ mid-80s)
+3 important social & political movements
• …………………………………. ( sex not always reserved for marriage)
• ………………………………  struggle from CRs: challenged discrimination
against ♀
@ home, work & in society
• ……………………………………: political > social
 nonconforming nature
+ Cultural ∆: 2 important social developments
• ………………………………………………
• drive for self expression & ………………………………..
→♀ could & should do > housewife ‘s work
→feminist movement challenged ………………………………………
→♀ entered prof. closed to them _ ……………………………………
→♂ > active raising children
+ Economic ∆
• ……………………………………..
• single parents w/ children
• fam. w/ unmarried couples w/ 2 children
• divorce rates (2x)  + financial inde. →………………………………………….

< conformity 2 social norms → cohabitation

3. Period of new family (present)

♀ unwilling give up
+ gender equality, freedom leave ………………………./ fulfillment of interesting
jobs →
children paid high price
 • spend long hrs away from parents &…………………………..
• …………………………………………………………………… b/c parents
@work
• children live w/………………………………………
New family:
+ Y ………………………………… abt. marriage
• willing wait for right person
• ~ ……………………………………………..
+ statistics for marriage age
(present): ♂, ……………; ♀, …………… vs. (1960): ♂, ……………; ♀,
…………..
+ ♀ make > $ hus. → …………………………
+ ideal fam. w/ 2 children _ ………………………………………………………..
+ upper & middle-class children w/ …………………………: music lessons & sports