Jurnal Airaha, Vol.11, No.

02 (Dec 2022):289 – 297, p-ISSN 2301-7163, e-ISSN 2621-9638

Optimization of the Electrical System on the Hiu Macan 3 Surveillance Vessels in

Support of Supervision in Eastern Indonesia

I Made Aditya Nugraha*, Muhamad Amril Idrus, Grangsang Sotyaramadhani,

Febi Luthfiani
Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Kupang
* Corresponding Author: made.nugraha@kkp.go.id

Teregistrasi: 01 Agustus 2022; Diterima setelah perbaikan: 28 September 2022;

Disetujui terbit: 10 November 2022

ABSTRACT
Hiu Macan 3 surveillance vessel is one of the Directorate General of Marine and Fisheries
Resources Surveillance's supervisory vessels which plays an important role in marine
surveillance in Eastern Indonesia. In support of monitoring activities, a reliable electrical
system and very careful maintenance methods are needed. Based on electricity consumption
for 24 hours, it was found that the main generator loading was still too low (10.24%). If done
continuously, it will affect the performance of the generator. Optimization of the electrical
system on the Hiu Macan 3 vessel can be done by dividing the use of the load on each
generator. For the C4.4 as the main generator, it can be optimized by using the entire
electrical load on the ship, for safety, generator life, and economy. The percentage of
generator loading is not less than 36.9 kVA and is in the range of 73.8 kVA – 105.7A. While
the use of the SPT-15 can be optimized by reducing the use of air conditioning and auxiliary
machines in the engine room that consume a large electrical load. The percentage of
generator loading is not less than 4.5 kVA and is in the range of 9 kVA – 12.9 kVA.
Keywords: Electrical system Generator, Optimization, Vessel

INTRODUCTION components in order to meet the

completeness of the components of the
The ship must operate from one port to
electrical distribution system in accordance
another location (Desnanjaya et al., 2021;
with maritime regulations (Nugraha, 2020;
Nugraha, 2020). The ship must be equipped
Purba et al., 2015; Thoriq et al., 2021). More
with seaworthy conditions so that the ship
specifically, planning the installation of
sails without experiencing problems. One of
lighting, communication systems, radio,
these feasibility things is electricity
GPS, navigation systems, monitoring, and
(Alimuddin et al., 2016; Simatupang et al.,
other systems. The importance of the ship's
2020). Electricity is energy that can be
electrical needs often does not have a good
converted into other energy that can produce
and intensive maintenance system or human
heat, light, chemistry, or motion (mechanics).
error which can cause electrical problems on
Therefore, one of the indispensable needs to
the ship, and most often occurs on ships that
support the needs of the ship is the need for
are old, for example, leakage of electric
electrical power (Popov et al., 2021).
current which we know as low insolation.
This electrical power requirement must
At this time, electric power on ships
be in line with the planning of the electrical
has a very important role in everyday human
installation or electrical power system. In
life, be it at sea or on land. The electricity
addition to these important factors, the need
needs on the ship can be met by supply from
for electrical power must also be followed by
the generator (Bolbot et al., 2020;
the procurement of good electrical
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Jurnal Airaha, Vol.11, No.02 (Dec 2022):289 – 297, p-ISSN 2301-7163, e-ISSN 2621-9638
Faturachman et al., 2020; Simatupang et al.,
2020). In the factory industry as a driving
force for production machines, lighting,
communication, and much more. In addition,
electricity has become a basic need in
addition to clothing, food, and housing.
Likewise, on a ship, the electrical control
system is the most important system used as
a tool in the operation of the ship (Darma et
al., 2022; Putri et al., 2016). In terms of
electricity, the supervisory ship can consume
a lot of large electricity. This is due to a large
number of inductive loads such as electric
motors to always be on standby during
patrols. When a load of electric motors is
turned on, of course, it will increase the load
on the generator set so that the fuel
consumption may be more. To distribute
electricity to the ship's decks or electrical
equipment on the supervisory ship, a high
voltage is needed so that the distribution of
electricity on the ship is more optimal (Purba
et al., 2015).
Fishery surveillance vessels are vessels
used to protect marine and fishery resources.
Fishery supervisory vessels are law enforcers
in the field of fisheries. In conducting
supervision with the Navy, Air and Water
Police Corps, National Police Security
Maintenance Agency, and The Indonesian
Maritime Security Agency. Fishery
supervisory vessels are within the scope of
The Directorate General of Marine and
Fisheries Resources Surveillance (PSDKP)
under the auspices of the Ministry of Marine
Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. The
fishery surveillance vessel can detect,
inspect, and detain ships suspected of
violating the nearest port for further
processing. In addition, based on Law no. 31
of 2004 concerning Fisheries, as amended by
Law no. 45 2009. In this case, Marine and
Fisheries Resources Surveillance also take
special actions in the form of drowning.
Like most machines, the generator on
the Hiu Macan 3 vessel also has problems.
Even though this problem can be
immediately resolved, it is necessary to
always carry out supervision so that shipping
290
activities can run smoothly. Problems that
occur such as generators making abnormal
sounds when operating, radiator water leaks,
generators cannot turn on, and the percentage
of generator sets is not optimal and effective
(Ricesno et al., 2020). This problem is
caused by the fuel system is not smooth, the
clamp is not locked tightly, and the battery
voltage being low, there is dust and dirt stuck
to the air filter. Another problem that was
found is the loading of the generator is low.
Based on the results of direct observations
for 24 hours the percentage of loading on the
generator is 10.24%. If they did it
continuously, will affect the generator's
performance. If the generator is overloaded it
will be dangerous. But reducing the load can
also be dangerous. Ideally, the minimum load
is 30% of capacity, but ideal operation is in
the range of 60 – 86%, for safety, service life
and economy (Basir et al., 2022; Hasiah et
al., 2020; Mahmuddin et al., 2019; Mustain
et al., 2019; Rukmini, 2021; Simatupang et
al., 2020).
Analysis of the use of electrical power
on the supervisory ship is also inseparable
from disturbances that can cause damage to
equipment and even endanger human safety
(Nugraha et al., 2021). For this reason, the
author analyzes the use of electrical system
on the Hiu Macan 3 vessel, in order to find
out how much electricity supply is needed by
the ship and the fuel needs to support its
operations. This needs to be considered to be
able to provide more mature planning when
carrying out tasks and all preparations,
especially the use of electrical energy from
generators (Mahardiananta et al., 2021).
METHOD
This research was conducted for 91
days on the Hiu Macan 3 vessel. This ship
belongs to The Directorate General of
Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance,
with a docking location at the Port of Tenau
Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
The procedure in conducting this
research includes direct observation and
measurements on electrical panels.
Jurnal Airaha, Vol.11, No.02 (Dec 2022):289 – 297, p-ISSN 2301-7163, e-ISSN 2621-9638

Measurements were made to get the current

and voltage coming out of the system which Load
% Electrical load = x 100 % (5)
was measured every hour for 91 days. Supply
Interviews with respondents also support this
research. The total number of respondents RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
who were interviewed was 19 people. The
data collected is the amount of electrical Hiu Macan 3 surveillance vessel is a
load, duration of use, and the amount of fuel ship made of iron (Figure 1). Ships with this
used during operation. The electrical load material serve to withstand and strengthen
data on the ship is divided into 4 functions, ships from corrosion attack and prevent the
such as communication, lighting, auxiliary possibility of water entering through small
engine, and other electrical equipment. After gaps that are not tightly closed, or preventing
the data is collected then it is analyzed with collisions against foreign ships trying to
the equation below. Active power, reactive escape from the Indonesian waters.
power, and apparent power flowing in the Hiu Macan 3 surveillance vessel has a
electrical system are analyzed in this system. gross weight of 206 GT. Based on the
The active power calculation is required for construction of the shipbuilding, from the
the average power which corresponds to the bow to the stern consisting of several rooms,
actual power transmitted or consumed by the namely the bridge room, kitchen, VIP,
load (thermal energy, mechanical energy, Captain's Room, KKM Room, VIP
light) by using Equation 1. Reactive power Bathroom, AKP Room 1, AKP Room 2,
analysis is calculated to analyze the amount AKP Room 3, Mualim Room, Office Room,
of power required for the formation of a Small Bathroom, Large Bathroom, Prison
magnetic field that forms a magnetic field Room and Weapon Room where every room
flux (transformer, motor, incandescent lamp, is equipped with cooling or air conditioning.
etc.) by using Equation 2. Apparent power is
the trigonometric sum of active power and
reactive power. Apparent power is emitted by
an alternating current (AC) source or
absorbed by a load and analyzed by Equation
3. Furthermore, the fuel needs of the
generator are analyzed to determine and
calculate the amount of fuel needed to
operate the generator while operating on the Figure 1. Hiu Macan 3 surveillance vessel
ship by using Equation 4. The percentage of
generator loading is also used to determine
the percentage of loading that occurs on the
generator while operating. This needs to be
analyzed so that the generator can operate
according to its loading limit by using
Equation 5.

P=V . I . cos φ √3 (1) (a)

Q=V . I . sin φ √ 3 (2)

S=V . I . √ 3 (3)

Fuel Consumtion=0.21 .Generator Power . t

(4)

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performance of the ship and the main engine

continues to run. optimal when the cruise is
in progress. The auxiliary engine in the room
machines owned by the Hiu Macan 3
surveillance vessel are as follows:
1. Electric power generation. The auxiliary
engine on this ship functions as a power
(b) generator. The number of generators
Figure 2. Generator at Hiu Macan 3 owned is 3 units. 2 generator units are
surveillance vessel; (a) 123 kVA, used as the main, while the remaining 1
(b) 15 kVA unit are used as backup generators. The
main generator is used alternately every
Hiu Macan 3 surveillance vessel has a two days. The power of these generators
supervision unit in East Nusa Tenggara, are 123 kVA and 15 kVA (Figure 2).
especially Kupang City, Kupang Regency, This electrical system is supported by a
Rote Island, South Central Timor, North control panel that functions to share the
Central Timor, and Belu Regency, which electrical load on the ship. Table 1 is the
operates every month. Factors causing the generator specifications and Table 2 is
ship to stop operating or off include the the result of measuring the voltage and
influence of unfavorable weather and a ban current on the Hiu Macan 3 Vessel. The
from the government not sailing. There are results of the analysis of active power and
also factors that make the ship not operate reactive power in the system can also be
that as when the ship is docking or repairing seen in Table 2, while the apparent power
which takes approximately 1 month. can be seen in Figure 3. From this figure,
Auxiliary Engine it can be seen that for 91 days the average
measurement of electrical power
An auxiliary engine is an engine on the requirements on the Hiu Macan 3 Vessel
ship (deck) or in the engine room which is always different. Analysis of this
functions to facilitate the operation of the calculation using Equation 1 - 3.
main engine and ship operation so that the
Table 1. Specification of the generator
Type Quantity Power Phase Voltage Rate Power Factor
(kVA) (Volt) frequency
(Hz)
C4.4 2 123 3 380 AC 50 0.8
SPT-15 1 15 3 380 AC 50 0.8
Table 2. Electrical Measurement of Hiu Macan 3 Vessel
Da P (kW) Q (VAR)
y Voltage (V) I (Ampere)
1 380 21.00 11.04 8.28
2 380 22.42 11.79 8.84
3 380 20.29 10.67 8.00
4 380 20.38 10.72 8.04
5 380 21.50 11.31 8.48
6 380 21.83 11.48 8.61
7 380 21.21 11.15 8.37
8 380 21.50 11.31 8.48
9 380 20.92 11.00 8.25
10 380 20.21 10.63 7.97
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Da P (kW) Q (VAR)
y Voltage (V) I (Ampere)
11 380 20.00 10.52 7.89
12 380 21.58 11.35 8.51
13 380 24.42 12.84 9.63
14 380 22.67 11.92 8.94
15 380 23.67 12.45 9.34
16 380 23.25 12.23 9.17
17 380 23.67 12.45 9.34
18 380 22.96 12.08 9.06
19 380 24.67 12.97 9.73
20 380 21.42 11.27 8.45
21 380 22.46 11.81 8.86
22 380 22.17 11.66 8.74
23 380 22.21 11.68 8.76
24 380 22.04 11.59 8.69
25 380 23.04 12.12 9.09
26 380 24.00 12.62 9.47
27 380 21.88 11.51 8.63
28 380 21.92 11.53 8.65
29 380 22.00 11.57 8.68
30 380 21.25 11.18 8.38
31 380 20.00 10.52 7.89
32 380 20.70 10.89 8.16
33 380 16.75 8.81 6.61
34 380 19.17 10.08 7.56
35 380 16.00 8.41 6.31
36 380 18.50 9.73 7.30
37 380 20.00 10.52 7.89
38 380 19.88 10.46 7.84
39 380 19.96 10.50 7.87
40 380 20.04 10.54 7.90
41 380 19.63 10.32 7.74
42 380 19.67 10.34 7.76
43 380 20.00 10.52 7.89
44 380 21.04 11.07 8.30
45 380 20.08 10.56 7.92
46 380 20.04 10.54 7.90
47 380 19.04 10.01 7.51
48 380 19.54 10.28 7.71
49 380 21.42 11.27 8.45
50 380 19.46 10.23 7.68
51 380 18.79 9.88 7.41
52 380 20.38 10.72 8.04
53 380 18.25 9.60 7.20
54 380 18.63 9.80 7.35
55 380 21.92 11.53 8.65
56 380 18.92 9.95 7.46

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Da P (kW) Q (VAR)
y Voltage (V) I (Ampere)
57 380 20.58 10.82 8.12
58 380 18.13 9.53 7.15
59 380 17.04 8.96 6.72
60 380 20.58 10.82 8.12
61 380 22.00 11.57 8.68
62 380 19.67 10.34 7.76
63 380 19.83 10.43 7.82
64 380 19.04 10.01 7.51
65 380 19.50 10.26 7.69
66 380 18.38 9.67 7.25
67 380 18.71 9.84 7.38
68 380 19.50 10.26 7.69
69 380 18.88 9.93 7.45
70 380 18.71 9.84 7.38
71 380 18.75 9.86 7.40
72 380 18.17 9.56 7.17
73 380 18.21 9.58 7.18
74 380 19.08 10.03 7.53
75 380 20.04 10.54 7.90
76 380 22.42 11.79 8.84
77 380 19.00 9.99 7.49
78 380 19.46 10.23 7.68
79 380 16.46 8.66 6.49
80 380 21.25 11.18 8.38
81 380 26.92 14.16 10.62
82 380 21.88 11.51 8.63
83 380 21.21 11.15 8.37
84 380 19.29 10.14 7.61
85 380 22.21 11.68 8.76
86 380 21.29 11.20 8.40
87 380 20.46 10.76 8.07
88 380 24.17 12.71 9.53
89 380 21.29 11.20 8.40
90 380 21.00 11.04 8.28
91 380 25.50 13.41 10.06
Average 20.65 10.86 8.14

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20
18
16
Apparant Power(kVA)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
-
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
53
57
61
65
69
73
77
81
85
89
Day

Figure 3. Electric Power Consumption of Hiu Macan 3 Vessel

Table 3. The percentage of generator load
Generator Load Generator Load Fuel Consumption
(%) (liter/day)
C4.4 All system 11.04 1,239.84
on
SPT-15 All system 90.49 75.60
on
2. Pump is an auxiliary engine that functions to equipment on board. Based on observations
move liquid or gas from one place to another. of the use of electrical loads on the ship for
In this vessel, they have fuel pump, 91 days, the average electric current is 10.86
lubricating oil pump, anchor motor, fresh A, the voltage is 380 V, and the electric
water pump, steering pump, bilge pump, and power is 13.57 kVA. However, based on the
ballast pump. measurement results, the full load of the ship
The Role of the Generator on the Hiu consumes 107 kVA of power. However, this
full load was never achieved during activities
Macan 3 Vessel
on the ship.Analysis of fuel use for generator
The main function of the generator set can be seen in the analysis below.
on this vessel is to provide electrical power Generator C4.4
needs. Electric power is used to drive the Fuel Consumtion = 0.21.123 kVA. 24 h
motors of the auxiliary engine on the = 619.92 liter/ day
machinery and deck machinery, lighting, Generator SPT-15
communication and navigation systems, air Fuel Consumtion = 0.21.15 kVA. 24 h
conditioning, ventilation, kitchen equipment, = 75.60 liter/ day
sanitary system, alarm, and fire system. In
designing this system, it is necessary to pay Optimization of Generator Operating
attention to the capacity of the generator and System in Hiu Macan 3 Vessel
other electrical equipment, and the maximum To support the operation of the
and minimum requirements of the generator in this ship, the generator operation
equipment. scheduling system is divided as follows. The
The observations obtained are then percentage of generator loading with these
analyzed to find the amount of power and systems can be seen in Table 3. Based on the
electrical energy from each piece of generator loading analysis, the C4.4 and
SPT-15 generators can still work well, but it
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is necessary to optimize the electrical
loading.
Main generator (C 4.4)– generator
load is 11.04%. The generator in the engine
room is turned on alternately every two days.
This procedure needs to be done to prevent
overheating or unexpected damage during
patrol. System maintenance in the form of oil
and filter changes is carried out
simultaneously after 300 hours. To fill the
radiator water is added after the radiator
water is reduced through the radiator water
channel. This maintenance needs to be done
to extend the life of the generator.
For the C4.4 generator it can be
optimized by using the entire electrical load
on the ship, for safety, generator life, and
economy. Try the percentage of generator
loading is not less than 30% (56 A) and is in
the range of 60% - 86% (112 A – 161A).
Large Backup Generator (SPT-15) –
generator load is 90.49%. Turned on every
two months, just for running. This procedure
needs to be done so that the generator system
or component becomes warm, the system
works well and smoothly when used. If using
electrical energy from this generator, it
should only be used to power the lighting,
navigation, and auxiliary systems on the ship.
For the SPT-15 generator can be
optimized by reducing the use of air
conditioning, and auxiliary machines in the
engine room that consume a large electrical
load. Try the percentage of generator loading
is not less than 30% (7 A) and is in the range
of 60% - 86% (14 A – 20A).
CONCLUSION
The electrical system on the Hiu Macan
3 vessel can be optimized by dividing the
load on each generator set. For the C4.4 as
the main genarator, it can be optimized by
using the entire electrical load on the ship,
for safety, generator life, and economy. Try
the percentage of generator loading is not
less than 36.9 kVA and is in the range of
296
73.8 kVA – 105.7 kVA. While the use of the
SPT-15 generator set can be optimized by
reducing the use of air conditioning, and
auxiliary machines in the engine room that
consume a large electrical load. Try the
percentage of generator loading is not less
than 4.5 kVA and is in the range of 9 kVA –
12.9 kVA. This distribution of electrical
loads is expected to extend the service life of
the generator. Maintenance activities are also
very necessary to extend the life of the
engine and support shipping activities.
These maintenance activities include daily,
weekly, monthly, and overhaul maintenance.
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