VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS

1. What is titration?
• .. ·ch the conct\ntt·,tt:inn of n solul_it111 iHdelt'tlttil'lt!d h\l 1.
Ans. A process 111 w 111 - , - .· . : ~ . . _.. _ . _· _ , '<J1et{ 1 f

its known volunl~ with another soluu~,n nl. now11 CPl1Ct't1frnl'lon. ,,./~
1

comp 1et10n . . ..i·s indknt·ed bv

. of r·eact1·on ,. nn 1nd1o ttnr. It

2. What is an in.dicator?
Ans. A substance which indk nl~s th€ end. point ttf H tHn1tion; tlHttnlJy by chnt1gin 1
colour due to change in pf{ of tht.:1 soluMon. · ~
3. What is the strength of H solution?
Ans. The strength of a solution is the 111ass of a soJutE~d.issnlved ,i tt n glven volume
of solution. Its un.itis g/ L.
4. What is a standard solution?
Ans. A solution whose exact concentration is know11.
5. What is a prirnary· standard?
Ans. A chen1.ical ,1vhkh can be directly ,.veighed to 111.ake a standard solution 'ls a
primary standard, The solution 1nade is stab.le and doesn't undergo change
in concentration on storing for s111all intervals of tilne. For exa1nple: Oxalic
acid, tv1ohr 's salt.
6. Is KNinO 4 a pril11ary standard? Give reason.
Ans. KMn0 4 decon1poses to MnO2·with tin1e. Also1 on storing its solutio:n, there is
a change in concentration. So it is not a pritnary standard.
7. v\Thy is KMnO4 intensely coloured?
Ans. In I<Mi:O4 the ~~dati~n state of Mn is +7 which is 3d0 configuration. The
colour m MnO4 1011 anses due to charge transfer froin the oxygen atoms to
the vacant d orbitals of Mn.
8. Why is HCl not used in the redox titration?
Ans. HCl acts as a reducing agent and gets oxidized to chlorine gas.
9. Why is nitric acid not used in a redox filtration?
Ans. Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent and xnay inter·1' . .h h _ . . . f
KMnO . ere wit . t e act1v1ty o
4
10. Why is dilute H 2SO4 added before titration?
Ans To provide acidic medium in which Mno - red .
. colourless. 4 uces to Mi11+ w'11ich is
 What will happen if H 2SO4 is not added before titration?
11
· Tl solution will beco1ne brown due to reduction of Mno- to MnO in
Ans, 1e . . d. Th d . . 4 2
n- absence of ac1d1c me nun. . e en point will not be clear.
_Why is H2S04 added while preparing the standard solution of Mohr's salt?
12
Ans, To prevent the hydrolysis of FeSO4 present in Mohr's salt.
. Why is the oxalic acid solution heated?
13
Ans. The reaction is slow at room temperature. Heating is done to increase the rate
of the reaction.
l4, Why is Mohr's salt used in place of ferrous sulphate?
Ans. Ferrous suphate readily oxidises to basic ferrous sulphate on exposure to air,
whereas Mohr's salt is stable to oxidation. Also, hydrated ferrous sulphate is
efflorescent. It loses water of crystallization on exposure to air. Mohr's salt is
not efflorescent.
15. Why should KMnO4 not be stored in glass container for long?
Ans. It decomposes and leaves brown deposits of Mn02 on the walls of the
container.
16. Why must burettes/ pipettes be rinsed with the solution for which they are
to be used?
Ans. Burettes are rinsed to remove any water sticking to the sides, which may
alter the concentration of the solution.
17. Why is it important for the nozzle to be completely filled while noting the
reading?
Ans. If the nozzle has air bubbles, some volume of solution will be used to fill it
when the stopper is opened. This will give error in reading of volume used.
18. While operating a pipette, the index finger is used to cover the opening and
not the thumb.Why?
Ans. Pressing with a thumb might leave some air gaps and the pressure cannot be
regulated easily.
19. How is a chemical balance different from an analytical balance?
Ans. A chemical balance can be used to weigh accurately up to 4 places of decimal
but this cannot be done using an analytical balance.
20. When is the rider used in a chemical balance?
Ans. A n'der 1s
.
use
d to weigh mass less than 10 mg.
 21. ,;\That are the properties of ,l substan ce that n1ake .it: suita.bl~ l'.l) b, _
pritnary standard ? · tJ ll.S~d t\s
0
Ans. (n) It should not ha,'e 1nnre than 0.021% impuriti es.
(h) It should be stt1ble at roo1n te1npera ture.
(c) It should be readily av,1ilabl e in p ure and dry fonn.
(d) It should have high fonnu la 1nass.
(c) The solution should not undergo any change in its contpostt ·
. for sn1a11 1nterva
exposure to air or on storing . ls o f· tune.
. ion l1t1

22. \,Vhat is a seconda ry standard solution ? Give tvvo

exa1nples.
Ans. Acon1po und vvhose standard solution cannot be made by direct weighing and
dissolving in solvent is called a secondary standard solution . For exnmpte,
sodiun1 hydroxi de and hydrochloric acid.
23. \tVhat is an indicator? Which property of a substance .makes it useful_ as m,
indicator?
Ans. An indicator is a co1npound used in the titration which helps to detect the
end point by changin g colour as soon as the reaction is complete.
24. What is end point?
Ans. The point in a titration at which, after completion of reaction, there is a change
in the colour of the solution is called the end point.
25. What is the difference between the end point and equivalence point?
Ans. Equivalence point is the point at which the reaction is just complete. End
point is the point at which there is colour change. There is just one drop
difference between the equivalence and end point.
26. Why is the titration flask not rinsed with the solution?
Ans. The titration flask is not rinsed because a known volume of solution is
transfer red to it from the pipette. Rinsing will increase the volume of the
solution .
27. Why do we read lower meniscus for the colourless solutions and upper
meniscus for the coloured solutions?
Ans. In the colourless solutions, lower meniscus is visible, so it can be read. In
colourless solutions it is not visible, so upper meniscus is seen.
28 . What do you mean by a 1.0 M solution?
Ans. A l .0 M solution is the one in which 1 mole of a solute is dissolved in 1 L of
solution.
 29 _ Why should a pr~mar~ st~nd~rd have a high formula weight?
Ans, So that the error m we1glung 1s minimum.
30 _ Why should the oxalic acid solu tion not h eated to boiling?
Ans, At high temperature, some_ of oxalic acid m ay d ecompose to ive CO whi
will change the concentration of solution. g 2, ch

31 . What is the oxidation n umber of Mn in KMnO 4

Ans. Oxidation number of Mn is +7
32. Which m eniscus is read for KMn04 solution?
Ans. Upper meniscu s is read for KMnO 4 solution as it is coloured.
33, What type of titration are KMnO 4 titrations?
Ans. Redox titrations.
34. Why should be the last drop not blown out from the pipette?
Ans. Last d rop is not a part of the calibrated volume of the pipette.
35. Why can't we pour hot solution into a burette or pipette or heat a solution in
standard flask?
Ans. These apparatuses are calibrated at a specific temperature. Adding h ot
solutions or heating them will lead to expansion of glass and change in the
volume of the apparatus.
36. A student made a standard solution of Mohr's solution. The solution had a
brownish colour. What may have gone wrong?
Ans. The student must have forgotten to add sulphuric acid while making the
standard solution. This leads to hydrolysis of Fe2+ to Fe3+ which is brown in
colour.
37. A student forgot to add sulphuric acid to the oxalic acid solution before
titration. What will happen?
Ans. The solution will turn brown after some time as Mn04will reduce to Mn0 2
which is brown in colour.
38. Which is more accurate way of weighing; weighing on a glazed paper or
w eighing in a weighing bottle?
Ans. Weighing in a weighing bottle and using the weight after transference is
more ~ccurate way of taking weight of a substance. On a glazed paper, some
p articles may stick to the paper and not get transferred.
39. What is meant by concordant reading?
Ans. It is th e constant reading obtained on repeated titrations in an experiment.
VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS
1. What is the differen ce betvveen qualitati ve and quantita tive t1.nalysis?
Ans. Qualitat ive analysis involve s identific ation of differen t elen,cnt-s p resent in
a sample of an unkno,N11 substanc e, whereas quantita tive ana lysis i.n vol vl'S
estin1ation of exact an1ount of these elen1ents in the same satn ple.
2. Why is platinun 1 wire preferre d to other metals for the fl an1e test?
Ans. Platinum 1netal is preferred over other metals for flaine tes t beca use of its
inert nature. Platinu1 n does not react with other con,pou nds and ac ids evl' n
at high tempera ture of the flaine.
3. Na1ne the anions detected by dil. I-1 2S04.
Ans. CO~- (carbon ate), s2- (sulphid e), so;- (sulphite ) NO 2 (nitrite) and CH .1C()O .
(acetate) .
 4 \\ih v 1s d il. H"'S()~ prcfern.>d ''' '<'t' d ,L l l~ 'l fot'
· . .. h'~ti,-w 1, . . . ,1 ,
,\. t,~ i-lC t (an {~et ,,, i'-h~ed t(, , ·t, l\V tlw, , , t, IOll~? \
.. , ~ ~ - ~ .. ~~
·
\~~,~ t\vl,h'(\ "
I dur ir, ~ ,, ,
· r-:1 nwn t
1-I . .S0·1t~ preferred . (l

--! a > ~\Hl111 ht,11l , \

s. '\: . ,ml'' the a nio ns dt'l ech:·d by \'\'th'. l l/~l)~· l d\
1

'

Ans. CJ- (fhl orid c) , Br (l't\ 'll\hh.,t l lil,dh_

,
h_,)i N<J.,- (n 'tt'11'1,t· ')
(oxala te). ,' · ·• '"' c nnd .
(( i\ii
16. ·Carb on dioxidt' gas ,H)t..l ~u lph ur dt() \tdt '
. .. . • .
g,\s , br,th t-urn Jim,_1 , _
Hcrw vv1H you d1~t-n~ ~tn~h bt~hVt'(~r, tht> t-,vn 1) '- ,Yal(,r ,
-• " lky
11

Ans . CO: gas is odourll'~" ,t~nt S~)~gn~ hn~ ~\ pun

gent 8rneJ1 of burning suJ
Hen ce the hvo are di~ hng ut~ ht-',.1 by ~11'\('lL
Ph 1H
7. \i\lh y~ do bron,idt~~ '-\nd tf)did~~s nut give lt's ts siln
ilar to c:hro1n,,l "hl .
test ? " ·
ond ; 1.. ,
l
An s. ln ch.ronlyl chlt)ddt:' test.i th'-' Y-c)latile Ynpnur
s of chromy1 chloride are form ed,
,vh ich on reac tion \vit h NaC)J~I pt'o ducl'S ~hr om ate
ions.
AC]
"t' . - + Cr20 7 + btH+➔ 2C1,o C""l + ,Jt'J4
. 2- l2()
~1.
2 2
Cr0·2Cl2 1' + 40H·- ➔ crol=
+ 2C'I - + 2H z0
The se chr ont a~ ion s nr~ the n test ed wit h lead acetate
.
Hov1eYe1·! u, case of iod ides and bro mid es free hal
oge ns are rel0ased which
on trea tn1.e.11.t ,v-ith. ,va ter, fnn n colo ure d solu tion s wit
h no ch.ro111hnn.
6Br- + Cr~ Of + 1.JH+ _ ___., 3Br i + 2Cr3+ +BK ') -

2 ++ 7S0 J + 7H20
Thu s thes e do not giYe test i~na logo us to chr om
yl chlo ride test.
8. Wh at is lim e ,>\7ater and \1\That hap pen s to it
on pas sing carb on dioxidt:' gas
thro ugh it?
Ans . Lin1.e vvat er is a solu tion of calc ium hyd rox ide,
[Ca (OH ) 2] in \tVater. On passing
CO2 thro ugh it an inso lubl e calc ium carb ona te
(Ca C03 ) is fon ned as a white
pre cipi tate and solu tion turn s milky.
Ca(OH h + CO2 ➔ CaC 0 j, + H 0
3 2
(whi te ppt.)
On pas sing exc ess of CO the solu tion aga in bec ome
2 s colo urle ss as the CaC03
cha nge s to Ca( HC 03 ) 2 (cal cium hyd rog en carb ona
te) whi ch is soluble.
CaC 03 + CO2 + H 20 ➔ Ca( HC 0 )z
3
(solu ble)
9. Wh at is the com pos itio n of the bro wn ring
form ed at the jun ctio n of two
laye rs in the ring test for nitr ates .
Ans . [Fe (NO )]S0 -Ni tros ofe rrou s sulp hate
4
(bro wn)
 e of ins olu ble salt s, ori gin al sol utio n 1s •
c as pre par d 1•n cone. HCl b .
10· In or H SO . Wh y? e ut not 1n
HN O 4
cone. · 3 2

n c. H S0 4 and I-IN0 3 are stro ng oxidisi·n g age nts d

A 11 s. C
0 2 · .
the salt . an ma y oxidise the
~ radi cals pre sen t 111
up IV . .
How can one pre ven t the pre cip itat ion of Gro radical s in the second
11. ?
group .
H s is the gro. up readgen t for bot h Gro up II and Grou p IV how .
Ans . 2 . d' )'
HC l (acidic m e ium This 1s d . :ve r m
Group II, H 2S 1s pas se 1n pre sen ce of dil. one
·
in order to kee p low con cen trat ion of 5 - ion s due to commo n ·.ion effect s
2
. . . ted . , o
tha t onl y Gro up II cat ion s are pre c1p 1ta
HC l-- --+ H+ + Cl-
of s2- ions due to comm.on ion
H2S ::;===: 2H+ + 5 - ➔ low con cen trat ion
2

effect.
12. What is the pri nci ple beh ind div isio n
of cat ion s into gro ups ?
. Cat ion s are div ide d into gro ups , bas ed on the ir solubility pro duc t values
Ans
ts. The y are div ide d into groups
wit h the com mo n rea gen ts or gro up rea gen
in increasing ord er of sol ubi lity pro duc t
val ues . For exa mp le, Ksp of NiS is
Ni 2+ is in Gro up IV but Cu 2+ is in Group-II.
greater tha n tha t of Cu 5, hen ce
13. Ho w are the gro up rea gen ts sele cte d?
. Gro up rea gen ts are com mo n rea gen ts wh ich can easily form precipitates
Ans
h mo st cat ion s. All cat ion s tha t giv e a pre cip itat e wit h a par ticu lar reagent
wit
upe d tog eth er and tha t reagent is
in similar con cen trat ion con diti ons are gro
their gro up rea gen t.
14. Wh y is the orig ina l sol utio n hea ted
wit h few dro ps of cone. HN O3 before
testing for Gro up III? are Fe2+
s (Fe 2 +) are not det ect ed in Gro up III. Ho we ver if the re
Ans. Ferrous ion 3 s on hea ting wit h cone. HN O 3,
ions in the O.S., the y get oxi dis ed to Fe + ion
ich can be det ect ed in Gro up- III. He nce the O.S. is hea ted wit h cone. HN O3
wh
before test ing for Gro up III.
15. Ho w doe s salt ana lys is con trib ute to
wa ter pol luti on?
(Value Bas ed Qu esti on)

we test var iou s rad ical s in the lab ora tory , the use d sol utio ns are thr ow n
Ans. Wh en
wit h the gro und wa ter and are
in the dra in. These me tal ions eve ntu ally mix
se rad ica ls are har mfu l for our
con sum ed by living organisms. Some of the
ctio n in the body.
bod ies, and ma y cause def orm ity or ma lfun
usly? (Value Bas ed Qu esti on)
16. Wh y sho uld we use chemicals jud icio
We sho uld pre for m test s wit h min imu m am oun ts of chemicals, as these lead
An s.
ter pol luti on. As far as pos sibl e, we sho uld try to do spo t test. Using
to wa
nat ure .
resources judiciously shows concern for the
 17. Why is it important to follow rules in the chemistry laboratory?
. . . . . ., . . --- . (Va foe .Ba;ed
Ans Not
.
follovv mo- rules can lead to s.
enous accidt'n t~ u1 labora to ,A, Q11e51 .
o
touch or taste any chemical unnecessarily-it can be poiso.rv:' · rve shOUJdio,,'
. . . . .. " ·· ll0t1s. \¾i Tio;
never eat ms1de chen11su1 lab. esh0~
0
l8. For confinn ation of coj- , can any other regent be used in f:>la
,,vater? ( ce of 1·
lllle
Ans. Yes, the test can be carried out '"r.ith Mg(OH)2.
19 . How '"rill you distinguish behiVeen sulphite ( so~- ) and sulph·:1t (
~ ' ,, e so~
-.
ions? 4)

Ans. Both so~- and so~- fonn ,;vhite precipitate \ivit.h BaCl, solution Bo .
BaSO 3 is soluble in cone. HCl ·whereas BaSO4 is not. - · Wever

20. Apart from CO 2, , vhich other gas gives li111e water test?
Ans. S0 2also gives lin1e ,,vater test.
21. \!\Thy should vve not add too nn1d1 NH-4Cl before testing for Group Vcations?
Ans. If excess of NH~Cl is added, concentration of CO~- ions will decrease due to
common ion effect. Hence Group V 1nay not precipitate properly.
22. What is Nessler 's reagent ?
Ans. K 2[Hgl4]-Potas siun1 tetraiod omercu rate (II)
23. What is aqua regia?
Ans. Aqua regia is 3 parts of cone. HCl mixed with 1 part of cone. HNO .
3
20. Nan1.e a cation vvhich is not obtaine d from a metal.
Ans. Anm1oniun1 ( NH; .)
24. Why are the Group V radicals tested in the order Ba 2+, Sr2+ and Ca 2+?
Ans. In Group V, Ba2+ ions are tested first with potassiun1 chroma te because the
value of BaC20 4 (yellow) is low. This test is not given by Sr2+ and Ca2+.
Ksp
Then Sr2+ is tested with ammon ium sulphat e so it forms SrS0 (white ppt).
4
This test can also be given by Ba 2+, so Ba2+ ions have to be tested before sr2+.
Similarly, Ca2 +ions are tested with ammon ium oxalate and form a white ppt.
of CaC 20 4 . This test can also be given by Ba2+ and Sr2+, hence they have to be
tested before Ca 2+.
25. Why do certain cations give colour in the flame?
Ans. On heating , the valence electrons of these metal ions get excited to higher
energy levels. When they come back to their original energy level, they emit
out radiatio ns that fall into visible spectrum, hence giving colour to flame.
r
colot1r to l')"n r.1('\ ?
I) ,IJ-1 f\~uf f :i inn nnl giVt' llll\
I
/ .·''-' 'u1l 1e
•
;\fh)l l(l . f) 1 .,)

,2(,. \ . , 1 <'1t1dJ'1\ll ~l tn Mg "· 1011 ~ n.rt'. tigh

1
tly bowid t the nud e I
v, 1i,n, t I h )l\ t't' II w l'JW qJ~,Y f rcrm Bun ~en fhrmc is on t . .· . :)us cue to its
.
,\11~, I II •·It ,.'. , o enough to excite th
i,rrtfl 11 : e
r'IPl 'I t'dll h, '
'l\ lllt' ltll r hln rld l'H r.1 referred
for the
_
fl cll1) P (•1.\ C1h1?
......,\..,,
. \N I 1V . ~
l \l
colour to the fl atne .
27· , ,i', J ,•hlnridt'~ nn m-n1nll y vnlrtl:.ilP nnd give
1
eas1ly, hence
An~ , ~,,i ,1 , . ,, J
r\l\' pl1'll'l ll l L
bottles?
VVhv i~ ~nVL'l' , ,it rn l:t. ~tort'd in dn rk col oured
1

l H, l~·t .''l ,r ntlrnh' dt.,c nmpo8()S in pre sen ce of

SLlnlight as follows·•
An~, nl \

2 AgNO~_,•1~~,1~~!~1 ► 2 AgNtJ i + Oz
l h,-,1,c(' it is Rh) r0d in dnrk bott'les .
~nn\n1nn ion effr,c-t?
29 , VVhnl i:-i e~sio.n in the im~zation of a weak
Ans . ('()n1mt,n inn l'fft'(:t' i!-1 def ine d llS, 'Th e s1.1~pr
a com mo n 1011'. For example
t'lt,c trol ytP by ndd1ng o strong elec trolyte havlng
NH40H , so tha t the ionization
in l ~nm p l l f l:t'St , snJid N.f{iCl .is add ed to
t)f Nl 1-il-)H is sup presst"d m1,d less
nun1bers of OI-I- ions are produced. This
cipitate. Otherwise, in absence
l'n~ures t.hnt onl y Group III hyd roxide s will pre
(lf 1.·tm1ll''ll1n ion o.ffoC't, Group V cat.ions 1na
y precipitate in Gro up III only.
N'H, Cl 1
► NH ~ + c 1~
(H ll'l)l'\,A)
con1111on ion effect)
N.H,10H ~~ NH1' + OH:- (.forrned less due to
(wea k)

30. l--:l0\1\1cnn you dh,tinguish bet we en Br

and N03 radicals as bot h giv e red dis h
brown ft1ffl~s? ~
. lf ynu brin g a gla ss rod dip ped in FeSO4 sol utio n nea r the bro wn fumes, it
Ans
ffected in case of Br-.
will turn bla ck in cnse of NO ~ . It will ren1ain una
n mix tur e, the bro wn fumes
Also, if a cop per turning js add ed to the rea ctio
intt msify in case of No; due to fon nat ion o.f 111.ore N02 gas. The solution
2
hUTlS blu e due h) forn1ation of Cu + ions.
ed FeS 04 sol utio n?
31.. Wl1 y should Wt' always use freshly pre par the
2;, ion s in FeS 0 sol utio n get oxi dis ed to Fe + ions and
3
A11s , On stiu1din.g Fe. 4
~olution does not give the required test. -
32. Wh y sh.0~1.ld w~ f.isst test the d.il. I--:12SO4
gro up anions and the n cone. H 2SO4
gro up ar,i ons ?
radicals react \1vith bot h dilu te
Ans. Be~ause so r, sr , N0i and Cli3CQ Q-
Cl- I-, Br~ N0 3 react onl y ·with
nnd concen trat ~d H1SO,l, whereas rad ica ls 1

t unc~ntrate d and s.
 . ~ . ·11soluble salt analysed ( r
33 . Ho"'r 1s an 1 .
.d. ,_ iicals of an inso luble salt are tested by makin .
The ac1 lC rac. . . g Its e
Ans. . bonate (sod a extract). This extra ct 1s used to
sod1un1 car · t· Xtrclq
est the . %1
place of OS · · an10 111
. nsl~
Can BariU Jn nitra te be used to test sulp hate inste ad of Bariurn hl .
34. c oride,
Ans. Yes ·
35 . Wha t is solubility prod uct? Wha t is its impo rtan ce in salt analysis?
Ans. Solubility prod uct is defin ed as the prod uct of concentration
. pres ent in a satu rate d 1 · 'th 8 0f
ch
so ution , w1 ea conc entra tion term ra· the ions
·
.pow . .
er equa l to its stoich'1ometr1c. ffi . . h
coe c1ent m t e chemical fo isect to 1t1e~l
denoted by 'Ks/· Ksp is the poin t of precipitation of any salt. ~~: It~
are classified into grou ps in the incre asin g orde r of their K values
. tions
com mon grou p reag ents. sp With~
e
36. Can any othe r amm oniu m salt be used as a sour ce of NH +ions in
4 the solution
inste ad of NH4Cl?
Ans. Yes, a1nrnonium nitra te (NH4N0 ) can be used . Amm oniu m sulph
3 ate and
carbonate cann ot be used for Grou p IV, V and VI radicals because they
can •
precipitate as inso lube sulp hate s and carbonates.
37. Can NaC l and NaO H be used as the grou p reagents in grou p three
in place
of NH4Cl and NH40H?
Ans. No, both NaCl and NaO H are stron g electrolytes, hence the
concentration of
OH- ions will be very high. This will lead to precipitation of higher
group
cations as hydroxides.
38. Why is sometimes yellowish turbi dity formed in Group
II solution, even
thou gh the grou p two cation is absent?
Ans. Sometimes, due to the presence of an oxidizing agent, the S2-ions
get oxidized
to colloidal sulp hur which appears as a yellow turbidity in the solution.
39. Why is lead included in Group I and II both?
Ans. Lead is precipitated as lead chloride in Group I which is spari
ngly soluble
in water. Any lead ions remaining unprecipitated in Group I, are again
precipitated in Group II.
40. Why do we add NH Cl in Group V along with (NH )iC0 ?
4 4 3
Ans. We add NH CI to reduce the concentration of CO/ - ions by
4 the common ion
effect so that the Mg2+ ions of Group VI are not precipitated.
VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS
1. Wlrnt is a functional group?
Ans It is the group of atoms or bonds prese nt in an organic comp ound which
determines most of its properties.
2. Which functi onal group s turn blue litmus red?
Ans Carboxylic acid and phenols.
3. Why does pheno l not give sodiu m hydro gen carbonate test?
Ans Phenol is weakl y acidic; hence does not react with sodiu m hydro gen
carbonate
4. What is Tollen 's reagen t?
Ans It is anuno niaca l silver nitrat e solution.
5. What is Fehlin g's soluti on?
Ans Fehlin.g s soluti on has two compo nents: Fehlin g's soluti onAw hichis aqueo us
1

coppe r sulph ate soluti on and Fehlin gs solutio n B which is alkaline soluti on
of sodiu m potas sium tartara te .
.6. Why shoul d carby lamin es be destro yed immed iately?
Ans Carby lamin e is a poison o~s coi:npound and should not be inhale d. It can be
destro yed by decom positi on Wl th cone. HCl.
7. Why does formic acid give Tollen's test even thoug h it is a carbox ylic acid?
Ans Formi c acid contai ns both aldehy de and alcohol group , hence it gives Tollen' s
test.
- --·'"'"'' f"'\ C: ~1 INCT IO NAL GRO I IPQ I ll.I l"H'"'I'"' & ... - -
 8. What t!) Bayer '!> reagen t?
Ans Neutral or alkaline KJv1n04 solutio n 4

9. Hovv will you d istingu ish between p henol and benzo ic acid?
Ans Phenol gives a violet co]our ed compl ex with neutra l ferric chlorid-e 50f . <'.
but benzoi c acid does not give this test. ~ .
10. Why does benz.ene not decolo u rise bromin e vtater although it is
unsatu rated?
hi~~:
~ lY
~.
Ans Benzene molecule is stabiliz ed by resona nce. The addition reaction acr0$frie·
double bonds is not energeticaUy fa vourable.
11. How will you disting uish behvee n ethyla mine and d.ieth ylamine? {
Ans Ethyla mine gives carbyla mines test, d iethyl_a.m ine does n ot \i
12. Ho"'r will you disting uish betwee n hexyla mine and aniline?
Ans. AniUne gives azo dye test wherea s hexyla mine does not.
13. How can CHpH and C2HpH be disting uished chemically?
Ans. C 2H 5OH will give a posi tive iodofo rm test wherea s CH OH will not give this l
I
3
test.
14. How can you disting uish betwee n ethano l and phenol?
I
,
Ans. Phenol , being acidic, turns blue litmus red. Ethano l will n ot affect the litmus.
15. Which test .c an be used to find out if the given alcoho l is primar y, secondary
or tertiary ?
Ans. Lucas test
16. Which test can be used to find out if the given amine is primary., secondary
or tertiary ? ·
Ans. H:insberg.,s test
17. Which functio nal group can de-colourise KMnO solutio n apart from
unsatu rated compo unds? 4
· .
Ans# A1dehy des get oxidis ed by KMnO4 solutio n and decolo urize it. ..
18.. Whkh te.sts can be us ed to dlsting uish betwee n. aldehy des and ketones?'
1
Ans.. Tollen' s test, Pehling s test and Scruff's test are given by aldehy des but not
ketone s. · .
19. 'W hy is there foul smell produc ed.in carbyla mines test?
Ans. Foul smell is produc ed due to formati on of isocyan i~e.
20. What -type .of compo unds general ly give iodofo rm test?
Ans. Methyl ketones, ethana l and alcohol s 'With CH CHOH- group give the
3
iodoform test
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