UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

LAHORE, FAISALABAD CAMPUS

Submitted By:
Muhammad Danish Nisar
2020-EE-361
Section A
Submitted To:

Dr. Yasir Jamal

ADC Assignment

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UET FAISALABAD

 Question Statement:
Describe negative impacts of communication signal on environment?

Solution:
Effects on human health:

EMFs influence metabolic processes in the human body and exert various
biological effects on cells through a range of mechanisms. EMF disrupts the
chemical structures of tissue since a high degree electromagnetic energy
absorption can change the electric current in the body.
 Hair. Loss of hair fall occurs when exposure to radiation is higher.
 Heart and Brain. Intense exposure to radiation from 1000 to 5000 rems
(rem (roentgen-equivalent-man): biologic effectiveness of radiation in a
human subject) will affect the functioning of the heart. ...
 Thyroid. ...
 Blood System. ...
 Reproductive Tract.

Effects on Animals:

 Animals, such as migratory birds, bats, and certain fish and insects, that
are strongly dependent on magnetic fields for orientation or migration.
 Animals, such as sharks and rays, that possess electric sense organs.
 Animals with weak defence mechanisms. For instance, those with a
limited ability to regulate their body temperature may be
more vulnerable to the effects of high frequency.

Effects of high frequency signals:

Exposure to very high RF intensities can result in heating of biological
tissue and an increase in body temperature. Tissue damage in humans could
occur during exposure to high RF levels because of the body's inability to cope
with or dissipate the excessive heat that could be generated.
The primary drawback to HF use is that it is highly susceptible to changes in
the ionosphere and therefore several frequencies must be available for use.

Effects of low frequency:

Some recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that the exposure to
extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) affect human
health, because of the incidence of certain types of cancer, depression, and
miscarriage have been increased among individuals living or working in
environments exposed to such frequency signals.

Gamma rays, X rays, UV rays:

Gamma rays (Gamma rays of this power are utterly lethal to any biological
system in their path. Moreover, their high photon energy means that they
interact with and are swiftly (in comparison with radio broadcast distances)
absorbed by air. They would be useless for terrestrial communications from
this last point of view also), x-rays, and some ultraviolet waves (Optical
wireless communications (OWC) is a form of optical communication in
which unguided visible, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) light is used to
carry a signal. It is generally used in short-range communication.) are
"ionizing," meaning these waves have such a high energy that they can knock
electrons out of atoms. Exposure to these high-energy waves can alter atoms
and molecules and cause damage to cells in organic matter.

High frequency sound causes two types of health effects: on the one hand
objective health effects such as hearing loss (in case of protracted exposure) and
on the other hand subjective effects which may already occur after a few
minutes: headache, tinnitus, fatigue, dizziness, and nausea
Effects on plants:
In an experiment conducted on the effects of EM radiation on the
photosynthesis of a plant, the results concluded damage in the membrane of
photosynthetic cells in the leaf, the halt of the transmission process of electrons
in photosynthesis, and the decrease in potential active and photochemical
efficiency.
High frequency radiation has ionizing power, which means is able to remove
electrons of atoms and eventually damage biological structures like the DNA.
Moreover, as the frequency get higher the penetration power of the radiation
increases which means that damage can be affect deeper parts of tissues.
Nevertheless, exposure to high levels of nonionizing energy, such as at radio
wave frequencies, can damage the structure and function of the nervous
system.

Can electromagnetic waves cause brain damage?

In summary, these studies indicate that EMR can lead to metabolic disorders
of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, depending on the intensity of
radiation exposure, and might in theory result in abnormal emotional behavior.

Most dangerous frequency:

The most dangerous frequency is at the
median alpha-rhythm frequencies of the
brain, 7 hz. This is also the resonant
frequency of the body's organs.