Chapter 10 Rolling Bearings

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Content
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types of bearing
10.3 Kinematics and dynamics of bearing
10.4 Failures and criteria of bearing selection
10.5 Life and reliability of bearings
10.6 Selection bearing based on dynamic equivalent
load
10.7 Selection bearing based on static equivalent
load
10.8 Lubrication of bearings
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10.1 Introduction

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 Learning Outcomes

- Understand the types of bearing (LO6.2)

- Analyze and calculate the life of bearing (LO2.4)
- Select the bearings based on dynamic equivalent
load (LO4.7)
- Use the CAD softwares to select the bearings
(LO5.6)

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10.1 Introduction

Since ancient times people used round wooden bars as

rollers to transport heavy objects such as transporting
stones in the 40s BC.

Fugure 1 History of bearing (SKF)

10.1 Introduction

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10.1 Introduction

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10.1 Introduction

Tapered
Roller Roller
Bearing Bearing

Design layout of bearing

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10.1 Introduction

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEHgr_EQEHQ

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

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10.2 Types of bearing

a) b) c) d)

e) f) g) h)
TheLộc
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10.2 Types of bearing

1. Friction is beneficial and harmful. Give each category 3 examples.

2. The solutions to increase and decrease friction?.

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10.3 Kinematics and dynamics of bearing

The angular velocity of the roller about the

bearing shaft or the angular velocity of the
cage:

2vo 0, 5D1
c    0, 5 
Dpw ( D1  Dw )

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10.4 Failures and criteria of bearing selection

Force acting on the rollers and Fo has the maximum value

5 Fr 5 Fr cos3 / 2 k
Fo  and Fn 
z z
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11.3 Bearing number and accuracy

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11.3 Bearing number and accuracy

A bearing number is composed of a basic number and a

supplementary code, denoting bearing specifications including
bearing type, boundary dimensions, running accuracy, and
internal clearance.
Bearing numbers of standard bearings corresponding to JIS B
1512 "rolling bearing boundary dimensions" are prescribed in JIS
B 1513.

https://koyo.jtekt.co.jp/en/support/bearing-knowledge/6-3000.html

https://www.electrical4u.net/basic-accessories/how-to-read-identify-bearing-
number/

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11.3 Bearing number and accuracy

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11.3 Bearing number and accuracy

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11.3 Bearing number and accuracy

Choose bearing number:

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11.3 Bearing number and accuracy
According to TCVN, there are 5 classes of accuracy when manufacturing rolling
bearings in the following increasing order: P0, P6, P5, P4 and P2. Symbols are
allowed: 0, 6, 5, 4 and 2, respectively.
In industry, the accuracy class 0 is often used. The ability of the bearing to work
depends on the accuracy class. The processing cost increases as the accuracy
class higher:

https://insights.globalspec.com/article/10809/bearing-tolerances-explained
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11.3 Bearing number and accuracy

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10.4 Life and reliability of bearings

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10.4 Life and reliability of bearings
10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

https://www.mitcalc.com/doc/help/en/c_bearing_choice.htm

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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

Single row groove Ball Bearing

The basic dynamic load rating C:

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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

Sequence of bearing selection

The given parameters:
1- Calculation diagram, value and direction of the reactions at the
bearing (know from the shaft calculation)
2- Number of shaft revolutions n, rpm
3- Diameter of inner ring d, mm (from shaft calculation)
4- Working conditions and structure to install bearings
5- Working time of bearing Lh.
When calculating, it should be noted that if there are two identical
bearings on the shaft, we calculate to choose the bearing with the
largest load.

https://flt.krasnik.pl/en/knowledge-base/253-bearing-selection-and-life-
calculation

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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load
We proceed to select the bearing with the number of revolutions n > 1
rpm in the following order:
- Select bearing type according to load or structure.
- Select the bearing size in the following order:
1- Determine the reactions Fr acting on the bearings according to the
formula (11.17).
For bearing with axial force Fa = 0, the next steps:
2- Select coefficients Kσ, Kt, V (Table 11.2) according to working
conditions. Since there is no axial force, the coefficients X = 1 and Y =
0. Calculate the dynamic equivalent bearing load Q (according to
equations (11.20), (11.21) or (11.22)). Q = Qr = (XVFr + YFa)KKt
3- Determine the life in million revolutions L according to the formula
(11.25). Calculate the basic dynamic load rating of the bearing Ctt
according to the formula (11.27).
4- Select the bearing size according to the condition Ctt < C and n < ng
(value C in Appendix 9.1 - 9.8 document [55]). If the bearing size
cannot be selected, divide the working time Lh of the bearing by 2, 3 or
4... or change the bearing type, use two bearings,... until the above
conditions are satisfied.
10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

For bearing with axial force Fa # 0, next steps:

2- With the value of the inner ring diameter and the type of bearing
selected according to the lookup table, we preliminarily select a
medium or light-sized bearing with the values ​of basic dynamic
load rating of the bearing C and static load rating Co (in Appendix
9.1 - 9.8 of this manual [55]). For tapered roller bearings, this step
is not required. (It is possible to roughly select the bearing size in
terms of Csb calculated in terms of Qsb ~ Fr.)
3- For thrust ball bearings or tapered roller bearings, we calculate
the auxiliary axial force S1 and S2 according to the formulas
(11.18), according to Table 11.1 we choose the axial load acting on
the bearing.
4- Select coefficients K, Kt, V (table 11.2) according to working
conditions.
5- Determine the Fa/Co ratio and choose the e factor according to
table 11.3 or 11.4. Then calculate the ratio Fa/(VFr) and compare
with e, we can choose the coefficients X and Y.
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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

6- Determine the life in million revolutions L according to the formula

(11.25). Calculate the dynamic equivalent bearing load Q (according to
(11.20) or (11.21).
7- Calculate the basic dynamic load rating of the Ctt bearing according
to the formula (11.27).
8- Compare the calculated Ctt value to satisfy the condition Ctt < C. If
not, we choose a heavier size, if it is overloaded, we choose a lighter
size and recalculate until the above conditions are satisfied. If not,
divide the working time of the bearing by 2, 3 or 4,... until the above
conditions are met or change the bearing type, using two bearings on
one position.
- Re-determine the life of the bearing according to the formula (11.23).
- In some necessary cases, we need to check the static load capacity
of the drive according to the formula (11.30 -11.31).
- In some necessary cases, we need to check the number of critical
revolutions of the bearning according to the formula (11.32), (11.33)
and table 11.7.
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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

Select size of ball bearing

n = 400 rpm
Lh= 5000 hours

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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

RAx = 3373N; RBx= 3503N FrA = (33732 + 66932)1/2 =7494.9N

RAy = 6693N; RBy= 3617N FrB = (35032 + 36172)1/2 =5035.2N
From here:
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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load
2 2
1) Fr  Frx  Fry  Rx2  R2y

RAx = 3373N; RBx= 3503N

FrA = (33732 + 66932)1/2 =7494.9N
RAy = 6693N; RBy= 3617N
from here: FrB = (35032 + 36172)1/2 =5035.2N

Diameter of inner ring

d = d2 = 40mm

Select size of ball bearing

n = 400 rpm
Lh= 5000 hours
Type of bearing: Ball

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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

2- Select coefficients Kσ, Kt, V (Table 11.2) according to working conditions.

Since there is no axial force, the coefficients X = 1 and Y = 0. Calculate the
dynamic equivalent bearing load Q (according to equations (11.20), (11.21) or
(11.22)).
Kσ= 1; Kt = 1; V = 1
Q = Qr = (XVFr + YFa)KKt = (1 1 7494.9 + 1 0)
= 7494.9 N
3- Determine the life in million revolutions L according to the formula (11.25).
Calculate the basic dynamic load rating of the bearing Ctt according to the
formula (11.27).
60nLh 60.400.5000
L    120 mil. rev
106 106
4- Select the bearing size according to the condition Ctt < C and n < ng (value
C in Appendix 9.1 - 9.8 document [55]). If the bearing size cannot be selected,
divide the working time Lh of the bearing by 2, 3 or 4... or change the bearing
type, use two bearings on one bearing,... until the above conditions are
satisfied. Calculation dynamic load rating of the bearing Ctt:
Ctt = QL1/m= 7594.91201/3= 37461.3N (m=3 for ball and m = 10/3 for roller bearing)
108 C = 13.2kN; 208 C = 25.6kN; 308 C=31.9kN; 408 C= 50.3kN
Select ball bearing 408 (Heavy size)
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10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load
Example 9.4 Double row ball bearings type 1000 (H.9.2) are mounted
on the shaft of a fan with a rotation speed of 1250 rpm. On the bearing
acting maximum load, there is a radial force Fr = 2000 N and axial
force Fa = 500 N. The shaft diameter d = 55 mm. Desired life Lh = 8000
hours. Identify:
a) Double row spherical roller bearing size.
b) Bearing size in case of using ball bearings.
10.6 Selection bearing based on Dynamic equivalent bearing load

Example 9.5 Select a tapered roller bearing mounted on a shaft of the

straight bevel gear reducer (H.9.3) according to the following given data: For
bearing 1 : radial load: Fr1 = 4200 N, for bearing 2 radial load: Fr2 = 2800 N,
axial force Fa = 1600 N, shaft diameter d = 40 mm, number of shaft
revolutions n = 630 rpm, required working time Lh = 40000 hours. Contact
angle of tapered roller bearing  = 14o