Chapter 6 Worm Drive

Contents

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Geometry of worm gears
7.3 Kinematic of worm gears
7.4 Forces acting in a gear and design loads
7.5 Material and allowable stress
7.7 Tooth failure and criteria of calculation
7.8 Design of worm gears
7.9 Design of worm

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Learning Outcoms

- Understand the types of worm gears

- Select the materials for worm gears
- Analyze and calculate the forces acting in a worm
gear
- Determine the tooth failures and choose a criteria of
calculation
- Design and analyze the teeth for surface and
bending strength
- Use the CAD softwares to select the worm gears

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7.1 Introduction

Spur gear Pinion and rack Bevel gear

Hypoid Spiroid Worm Drive

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7.1 Introduction

The principle of operation and scope. Worm gear refers to gears

with meshing shaft axes. Movement in worm gears is converted
according to the principle of a screw pair or the principle of an
inclined plane. A worm gear consists of a screw, called a worm, and
a gear, called a worm wheel. When the worm rotates around its axis,
its turns move along the cylindrical surface forming it and the worm
wheel rotates. The worm and worm wheel are made by cutting teeth
with the help of a special tool from whole blanks. In the worm gear
the same as in the gear, there are diameters of the pitch cylinders: d1
- pitch diameter of the worm, d2 - pitch diameter of the worm wheel.
The point of tangency of the pitch diameters is called the
engagement pole.

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7.1 Introduction

Advantages of worm gears:

1. The possibility of obtaining a large gear ratio in one stage (u= 8
– 200).
2. Smooth and quiet operation.
3. Compactness (small size).
4. Braking (the inability to transfer torque from the worm wheel to
the worm).
5. Damping properties reduce machine vibration.
The disadvantages of worm gears:
1. Considerable friction in the engagement zone.
2. Heat transfer.
3. Low efficiency (0.5…0.9).
Worm gears are used in devices with limited power (usually up to
50 kW).

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7.1 Introduction

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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

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7.1 Introduction

Key terms:
Worm
Worm gear
Heat balance
Middle plane
Worm drive –
Worm gearing

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7.1 Introduction
Gia công trục vít

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7.1 Introduction

Gia công bánh vít thietkemay.vn

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7.1 Introduction

Worms. According to the shape of the surface on which the thread is cut, there are
cylindrical and globoid worms. More commonly used cylindrical worms.

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7.2 Geometry of worm gears
Forms of Worm and Worm Gear

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7.2 Geometry of worm gears
Types and Characteristics of Worm Gearing

The shape of the thread profile is straight and curved with a profile in axial section. In
worms with a straight profile in the axial section in the end section, the coils are
outlined by an Archimedean spiral, therefore the Archimedes are called a worm, which
is similar to a trapezoidal screw.
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7.2 Geometry of worm gears
Worm drive vs Screw drive

Involute helicoidal worms

have an involute profile in
the end section and are
therefore similar to helical

d
involute wheels, in which T
the number of teeth is
equal to the number ofa) b)
threads of the worm.
The main geometrical
parameters of the worm O
are: pressure angle = 20 °
is the profile angle (in axial
section for archimedes
worm and in the normal
section of the tooth with
cutting of T an involute T
worm);
b)
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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

http://103.71.168.43:81/mis/files/coursefile
s/AY2018%20-
%202019/Mech/ME6601/cf~pdf%C3%A2%
E2%82%AC%E2%80%9C%20WORM%20
GEARS~63~ME66011542615387-1.pdf

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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

https://www.sdp-si.com/resources/elements-of-metric-gear-technology/page5.php
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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

Lead angle

https://erkas.ru/en/calculation-of-the-module-of-a-cylindrical-worm-gear-worm-gears/
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7.2 Geometry of worm gears

Choose the worm diameter factor worm q by module m and center distance aw

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7.3 Speed ration and velocity

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7.3 Speed ration and velocity

vs= v1/cos

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7.3 Speed ration and velocity

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7.4 Forces acting in a gear and design loads

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7.4 Forces acting in a gear and design loads

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7.4 Forces acting in a gear and design loads
The rule for determining the directionof the force acting on the worm
transmission is similar to the gear transmission. Figure 7.12 shows the direction of
force acting on the worm and the worm gear when the worm is under.

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7.4 Forces acting in a gear and design loads







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7.4 Forces acting in a gear and design loads

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7.4 Forces acting in a gear and design loads

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Screw theory and Eficiency of worm gear

Torque for tightening

TV = Tms + Tr
VfDtb
Tms 
2
Tr = 0,5Vd2tan( + ')
Ft
tan(   ') 
V

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Screw theory and Eficiency of worm gear
 Dtb  
TV  0, 5Vd2 .10   f  tan(   ') 
3

 d2  

 Dtb  
TTV  0, 5Vd2 10 3
  f  tan( '  ) 
 d2  

The efficiency  of the screw joint can be calculated as the ratio

between the works for tightening the nut in the absence of friction
force and in the case of friction. Since the rotation angle in both
cases (with or without friction) is the same, the work ratio will be
equal to the torque ratio T'V/TV, where TV is determined by the
formula (17.6a, b) ), and T'V is determined by this formula,
however f = 0 and ’ = 0:
T 'V tan 
 
TV  D  ,

tb
  f  tan(   ) 
 d  
Screw theory and Eficiency of worm gear

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Screw theory and Eficiency of worm gear

Efficiency dependency graph on lead angle and coefficient of friction.

Efficiency increases as the lead angle  increases from 0 to 45 - ’. Then, if
you continue to increase , the efficiency will decrease.
Screw theory and efficiency of worm gear

w – hiệu suất mất mát do ma sát trong mối ăn khớp; load-

dependent gearing efficiency losses
w – hiệu suất mất mát trong các ổ lăn; load-dependent
bearing efficiency losses
s – hiệu suất mất mát trong các phớt chắn dầu (sealing
losses)
m – hiệu suất mất mát do khuấy dầu trong HGT (churching oil
loss)
l – hiệu suất mất mát do tung dầu (other loss)

Phụ thuộc các thành phần mất

mát hiệu suất do phớt chắn dầu
s, khuấy dầu m, tung dầu l
vào khoảng cách trục a và số
vòng quay n = 1500 rpm. Khi số
vòng quay khác thì s không thay
đổi, m tỉ lệ bậc nhất, l – tỉ lệ
bậc hai.
Screw theory and Eficiency of worm gear
7.5 Material and allowable stress
Failure types and calculation criteria

Well-lubricated and non-lubricated worm drive are designed according

to contact strength but with allowable stress correction by experimental
factors. In a worm drive with a small m module (z2 > 100) or a hand
rotating drive in terms of bending strength

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7.5 Material and allowable stress

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7.5 Material and allowable stress

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7.5 Material and allowable stress

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7.8 Design of worm gears

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7.8 Design of worm gears

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7.8 Design of worm gears

In addition, we also calculate the design of

worm drive according to ISO TR 14521
2010 standard.

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7.8 Design of worm gears

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7.8 Design of worm gears

The following is the heat balance equation:

The formula for determining the temperature of the lubricating oil when
working:
7.8 Design of worm gears

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7.8 Design of worm gears

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7.8 Design of worm gears

Calculate the worm drive with the following data: Drive power P2 =
7 kW, rotational speed of worm gear n2 = 48 rpm, worm n1 = 1440
rpm. The drive works continuously, one- way rotation, statics load.
Operation time Lh = 7500 hours. Allowable contact stress 240 MPa

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7.9 Design of worm
7.9 Design and check calculation of worm
Strength Calculation:

Mtd
F   [ F ]
WE

32.Mtd .103
F   [ F ]
df31

Stiffness Calculation:

l3 Fr21  Ft21
y  [ y]
48 EJe

 0, 625da1  4
 0, 375   df 1
 df 1 
Je   
64