The Birth of a Hero


 
 Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado
y Alonso Realonda
 June 19, 1861 (Wed)- moonlit
night
 Calamba, Laguna Province,
Philippines
 Seventh child in the family
 He was baptized in the
Catholic Church of his town
on June 22, aged 3 days old,
by the Spanish priest, Father
Rufino Collantes, who was
Batangueno.
 MEANINGS OF NAME

 Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the
Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)·
 Protacio- from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian
calendar·
 Mercado- adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the
paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the
Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in English·
 Rizal- from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field
where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again
 Alonso- old surname of his mother
 ·Y- and·
 Realonda- it was used by Doña Teodora from the
surname of her godmother
 
 His godfather (ninong) was Father
Pedro Casanas, native of Calamba
and close friend of Rizal family
 
Lieutenant- General Jose Lemery (Feb 2,
1861- July 7, 1862)
 Governor- General of the Philippines
 Former Senator of Spain

Among his achievements as a governor-

general were:
1. Fostering the cultivation of cotton in
the provinces
2. Establishing the politico- military
governments in the Visayas and in
Mindanao
 
Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818- 1898)
 Born in Biñan, Laguna, on May 11, 1818
 He studied Latin and Philosophy at the
College of San Jose in Manila
 He was a hardy and independent –
minded man, who talked less and
worked more, and was strong in body
and valiant in spirit
 He died in Manila on January 5, 1898,
at the age of 80 y/o
 Rizal called him “a model of fathers”
 
Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)
 Born in Manila on Novemeber 8, 1826
 Went to College of Santa Rosa
 She died in Manila on August 16,
1911, at the age of 85.
 Francisco and Teodora were married
June 28, 1848
 “My mother is a woman of more than
ordinary culture; she knows literature
and speaks Spanish better than I”
THE RIZAL CHILDREN

 
 Saturnina (1850-1913)
 She was the oldest of the Rizal
children.
 She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of
Tanawan, Batangas
Paciano (1851-1930) 
 He was the older brother of Dr.
Rizal.
 After his younger brother’s
execution, he joined the
Revolution and became a
general.
 After the Revolution he retired
to his farm in Los Baños and led
the life of a gentleman farmer.
 He died an old bachelor, though
he had two children by his
mistress (Severina Decena)– a
boy and a girl
 
Narcisa (1852-1939)
 Her pet name was Sisa
 She married Antonio
Lopez (nephew of Fr.
Leoncio Lopez), a school
teacher of Morong, Rizal.
 
Olimpia (1855-1887)
 Ypia was her pet name
 She married Silvestre Ubalde, a
telegraph operator from Manila
 
Lucia (1857-1919)
 She married Mariano
Herbosa of Calamba, who
was a nephew of Fr.
Casanas.
 Herbosa died of Cholera in
1889 and was denied
Christian burial because her
was a brother-in-law of Dr.
Rizal
 
Maria (1859-1945)
 Her nickname was Biang
 She married Daniel Faustino
Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
 
JOSE (1861-1896)
 Pepe
 The “lucky seven” in a
family of eleven children.
 He married Josephine
Bracken, a pretty Irish from
Hongkong.
 
Concepcion (1862-1865)
 Concha
 She died at the age of three.
 Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow
 
Josefa (1865-1945)
 Her petname was Panggoy
 She died an oldmaid at the age
of 80
 
Trinidad (1868- 1951)
 Trining
 She died an oldmaid at the age of
83
 
Soledad (1870-1929)
 Youngest of the Rizal children
 Her petname was Choleng
 She married Pantaleon
Quintero of Calamba
 
 Sibling relationship among the Rizal children was
affectionately cordial
 Rizal’s relationship with his only brother Paciano,
who was ten years his senior, was more than that of
younger to older brother.
 Paciano was a second father to Rizal
 Rizal immortalized his brother, Paciano, in his first
novel Pilosopo Tasio.
 
 In a letter to Blumentritt, written in London on June
23, 1880, he regarded Paciano as the “most noble of
Filipinos” and “though an Indio, more generous and
noble than all Spaniards put together.”
 Claveria Decree of 1849

 Before 1849, Filipinos in general lacked individual
surnames that distinguished them by families.
 Family names were not transmitted from parents to
children so degrees of consanguinity were difficult to
assess.
 On November 21 1849, Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria
issued a law requiring Filipinos to adopt Spanish and
indigenous names from the Catalogo Alfabetico de
Apellidos for civil and legal purposes.
 This landmark law ensured the uniform usage of
surnames after 1849.
The Rizal Home

 
 The house of the Rizal family, where the hero was
born, was one of the distinguished stone houses in
Calamba during the Spanish times

 It was a two- storey
building, rectangular in
shape, built of adobe
stones and hard- woods,
and roofed with red
tiles.
 It was situated near the
town church
A Good and Middle
Class Family

 
 The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town
aristocracy in Spanish Philippines
 By dint of honest and hard work and frugal living, Rizal’s
parents were able to live well.
 They harvested rice, corn, and sugarcane.
 They raised pigs, chickens, and turkeys in their backyard.
 In addition to farming and stockraising, Doña Teodora
managed a general goods store and operated a small
flour- mill and a home-made ham press
 
 The Rizal family owned
a carriage, which was a
status symbol of the
ilustrados in Spanish
Philippines and a
private library.
 
 They sent their children to the colleges in Manila
 They were gracious hosts to all visitors and guests---
friars, Spanish officials, and Filipino friends– during
town fiestas and other holidays.
 
 Calamba was an hacienda town which belong to the
Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands
around it
 A few kilometers to the south of Calamba is the
legendary Mount Makiling
 Beyond the mountains is the province of Batangas
 East of the town is the Laguna de Bay
 In the north is the distant Antipolo, famous
mountain shrine of the miraculous Lady of Peace
and Good Voyage
 
 Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and soul.
 In 1876, when he was 15 years old and was a student
in the Ateneo de Manila, he wrote a poem Un
Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)
 Earliest Childhood Memories

 The first memories of Rizal, in his infancy, was his
happy days in the family garden when he was 3
years old.
 His father built a little nipa cottage in the garden for
him to play in the day time.
 A kind old woman was employed as an aya (nurse
maid) to look after Rizal.
 Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus
prayer.
 
 Rizal also remembered the happy moonlit nights at
the azotea after the nightly Rosary.
 The aya related to the Rizal children many stories
about the fairies; tales of buried treasure and trees
blooming with diamonds.

 
 Another memory of Rizal was the nocturnal walk in
the town, especially when there was a moon.
 The aya took him for a walk in the moonlight by the
river.

Rizal wrote: “Thus my heart fed on sombre and

melancholic thoughts so that even while still a child, I
already wandered on wings of fantasy in the high
regions of the unknown.”
The Hero’s First Sorrow

 Jose loved most the little Concha (Concepcion). He
was a year older than Concha.
 From Concha, Rizal learned the sweetness of sisterly
love.
 Concha died of sickness in 1865 when she was only 3
years old.
 Jose cried bitterly at losing her.
 The death of Concha brought him his first sorrow.
 Devoted Son of the Church

 Rizal grew up a good Catholic
 At the age of three, he began to take part in the
family prayers.
 When Rizal was five years old, he was able to read
haltingly the Spanish family Bible.
 Rizal loved to go to church, to pray, to take part in
novenas, and to join the religious processions.
 It is said the he was so seriously devout that he was
laughingly called Manong Jose by the Hermanos
and Hermanas Tacera
 
 One of the men he respected in Calamba during his
boyhood was the scholarly Fr. Leoncio Lopez, the
town priest
 Pilgrimage to Antipolo

 On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left Calamba to
go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to fulfil his
mother’s vow which was made when Jose was born.
 It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and
his first pilgrimage in Antipolo.
 Jose and his father rode in a casco (barge)
 After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo,
Jose and his father went to Manila.
 They visited Saturnina, who was then a boarding
student at La Concordia College in Santa Ana.
 The Story of Moth

 Of the stories told by Doña Teodora to her favorite
son, Jose, that of the young moth made the
profoundest impression on him.
 Artistic Talents

 Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given
talent for art.
 At the age of five, he began to make sketches with
his pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects
which attracted his fancy.
 Rizal First Poem

 Aside from his sketching and
sculpturing talent, Rizal
possessed a God-given gift for
literature.
 At the age of eight, Rizal wrote
his first poem in the native
language entitled Sa Aking
Mga Kababata (To My Fellow
Children)
 Rizal as Boy Magician

 Since early manhood Rizal had been interested in
magic.
 He entertained his town folks with magic- lantern
exhibitions
 Rizal also gained skill in manipulating marionettes
(puppet shows)
 Lakeshore Reveries

 Young though he was, he grieved deeply over the
unhappy situation of his beloved fatherland
 The Spanish misdeeds awakened in his boyish heart
a great determination to fight tyranny.
 Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

Factors that influences Rizal

1. Hereditary influence
2. Environmental influence
3. Aid of Divine Providence
 
 His three uncles, brothers of his mother, exerted a
good influence on him.

Tio Jose Alberto

-who had studied for eleven years
in a British school in Calcutta, India
and travelled in Europe inspired
him to develop his artistic ability

Tio Manuel
- A husky and athletic man,
encouraged him to develop
his frail body by means of
physical exercises, including
horse riding, walking, and
wrestling
 

Tio Gregorio
- A book lover
- intensified Rizal’s
voracious reading of good
books
 
Fr. Leoncio Lopez
 The old and learned parish priest of Calamba,
fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual
honesty.
 Hero’s First Teacher

 The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a
remarkable woman of good character and fine
culture.
 As Jose grew older his parents employed private
tutors to give him lessons at home.
 The first was Maestro Celestino and the second,
Maestro Lucas Padua.
 
 Later an old man named Leon Monroy, a former
classmate of Rizal’s father, became the boy’s tutor.
 He instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin.
 After Leon Monroy’s death, the hero’s parents
decided to send their gifted son to a private school
in Biñan.
 Jose Goes to Biñan

 June, 1869 (Sunday afternoon)- Jose, left Calamba for
Biñan and he was accompanied by his brother Paciano.
 They rode in carromata, and thery reached their
destination after 1 ½ hours’ drive
 That same night, Jose, with his cousin Leandro, went
sightseeing in the town.
 First Day in Biñan School

 The next morning (Monday) Paciano brought his
younger brother to the school of Maestro Justiniano
Aquino Cruz.
 During the first day of class of Rizal, he was laughed
by the teacher’s son named Pedro because of his
answers.
 First School Brawl

Pedro (the teacher’s son) – wrestling
Andres Salandanan – arm wrestling
 Painting Lessons in Biñan

Old Juancho – freely gave Jose painting
lessons
Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose
Guevarra became apprentices of Old
Juancho
 Best Student in School

Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish,
Latin and other subjects.
His older classmates were jealous and
squealed to the teacher whenever he had
fights.
Jose usually received five or six blows while
laid out on a bench.
 End of Biñan Schooling

December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan
Talim – the steamer that Jose rode
Arturo Camps – a Frenchman and a
friend of Don Francisco, he took care of
Jose during the trip
 Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

 January 20, 1872 – Cavite mutiny under the
leadership of Fernando La Madrid
 February 17, 1872 – Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were executed at
sunrise, by order of Governor General Rafael de
Izquierdo
 Implicated and executed The GOMBURZA were
leaders of the secularization movement

 Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

 The martyrdom of the three priests inspired Rizal to
fight the evils of Spanish tyranny
 In 1891, Rizal dedicated his second novel El
Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA
Student of Manila

 
 Rizal was sent by his father to Ateneo Municipal,
formerly known Escuela Pia, for a six year program,
Bachiller en Artes/
 Rizal took an entrance exam on June 10, 1872, four
months after the execution of GomBurZa.
 The students in Ateneo was divided into two groups,
the Roman Empire (students boarding at Ateneo)
and the Carthaginian Empire (non-boarding
students)
 Rizal studied at Ateneo from 1872-1877.
He graduated with a degree Bachelor of Arts,
with the highest honors
After finishing his degree in Ateneo, Rizal was
sent by Don Francisco to study at University of
Santo Tomas.
Freshaman year (1877-1878) he attended the
course Philosophy and Letters. In the same year
he took up a vocational course in Ateneo that
gave him the title Perito Agrimensor (expert
surveyor) issued on November 25, 1881
• In his second year in UST, Rizal shifted his course
to Medicine, because of his mother's failing eye
sight.

• In 1882, Rizal and Paciano made a secret pact- that

Rizal would go to Europe to complete his medical
studies there and prepare himself for the great
task of liberating the country from Spanish
Tyranny
Rizal in Europe

• May 3, 1882- Rizal left the Philippines for Spain.

• Rizal reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882

• His friends arranged a welcome party for him at a

coffee house in Plaza de Cataluña.

• In Barcelona, Rizal found time to write an essay called

“El Amor Patrio” (Love of Country).

• This essay was published on August 20, 1882 in

Diariong Tagalog where he used the pen name Laong
Laan.
• After the summer vacation, Rizal decided to move to Madrid
where he enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters at
the Universidad Central de Madrid (presently the Universidad
Complutense de Madrid) on November 3, 1882.

• Rizal was awarded with the degree and title of Licentiate in

Medicine for passing the medical examinations in June 1884.

• He obtained his the degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras

(Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters) from the Universidad
Central de Madrid on June 19, 1884 with rating of
sobresaliente.

• In January 2, 1884, Rizal proposed the writing of a novel (Noli

Me Tangere) about the Philippine society.

• It was in Madrid that Rizal was able to write the first half of his
novel, Noli Me Tangere.
Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey- the former city mayor of Manila
under the term od Governor- General Carlos Maria de la
Torre.

Consuelo Ortiga y Rey- daughter of Don Pablo.

In 1883, Rizal wrote a poem for Consuelo entitled A

Señorita C. O. y. R.

Rizal finished writing the Noli Me Tangere in Berlin

Noli Me Tangere was published on March 21, 1887 with the

financial help from his friend Maximo Viola
After 5 years in Europe, Rizal went home to Calamba on
August 8, 1887.

Rizal needed to go back to Europe since he was targeted by

the friars who were portrayed negatively on his novel Noli
Me Tangere.

Rizal left the Philippines for the second time in February 16,
1888.
Rizal’s Second Trip to
Europe

Rizal’s second trip to Europe, he became more active in the
Propaganda Movement with fellow ilustrados like
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Anotnio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera.

La Solidaridad- Propaganda Movement Newspaper

created in Spain.

By July 1891, while in Brussels, Rizal completed his

second novel, El Filibusterismo, which was published on
September 18, 1891 through the help of his friend,
Valentin Ventura
In 1892, Rizal decided to return to the Philippines.

June 26, 1892- Rizal arrived in the Philippines.

La Liga Filipina- a socio- civic organization Rizal

established on July 3, 1892.

Unfortunately, just a few days after the Liga’s formation,

Rizal was arrested and brought to Fort Santiago on July
6, 1892.
Small Group Discussion

Room 1- The Changing Landscape of Phil
Economy and Society/ The Chinese and
Chinese Mestzos
Room 2- Impact on Life in the Colony/
Renegotiating Social Stratification
Room 3- Brief History of Friar Estates in
the Philippines
Room 4 – Hacienda de Calamba Conflict
 
Guide Questions
 Discuss what happened.
 Do we still experience this kind of situation in
today’s time?
 Reflections and learnings from your topic.

1. Select one secretary to collate all the major points/

examples from your discussions. (Utilized ppt)
2. Have one or two reporters to present your group’s
discussion
 
Delivery---------------------10 pts
Organization of ideas--- 10 pts
Content----------------------10 pts

TOTAL- 30 pts.
Exile in Dapitan
(1892-1896)

• Rizal arrived in Dapitan on board the steamer Cebu on July 17,
1892.

• Dapitan was a remote town in Mindanao which served as a

politico- military outpost of the Spaniards in the Philippines.

• Capitan Ricardo Carnicero- headed Dapitan politico- military

outpost , he became Rizal’s friend during his exile.

• September 12, 1892- Rizal won the second prize in a lottery

together with Ricardo Carnicero, and another Spaniard.

• George Taufer- adopted Father of Josephine Bracken (wife of

Rizal).

• On the eve of June 21, 1896- Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Rizal in
Dapitan and informed him about the founding of Katipunan and
the planned revolution.
Rizal had been sending letters to then Gov- Gen. Ramon
Blanco (one on 1894 and another 1895) he asked for a
review of his case.

July 30, 1896- Rizal’s request to Cuba to served as a

surgeon under the Spanish was approved.

July 31, 1896- he left for Manila on board the steamer

España

September 3, 1896- he boarded the steamer Isla de Panay,

which would bring him to Barcelona.

November 3, 1896- Rizal arrived in Manila and was

immediately brought to Fort Santiago.
Trial and Execution

November 20, 1896- the preliminary investigation of Rizal’s case began.

Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade- Rizal’s lawyer

December 26, 1896- the trial ended and the sentence was read. Jose Rizal was
found guilty and sentenced to death by firing squad.

Decmber 28, 1896- Govenor- General Camilo de Polevieja signed the court
decision. He later decreed that Rizal be executed by firing squad at 7:00 a.m. of
December 30, 1896.

Mi Ultimo Adios- Rizal composed his longest poem on his remaining days.
 Some of the Writings of Jose Rizal

1. Sa Aking mga Kababata (To My Fellow Children- first known poem of

Rizal)
2. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of my Town) (1876)
3. Felicitacion (Felicitation) (1875)
4. Through Education the Country Receives Light (1876)
5. To the Young Women of Malolos
6. Junto Al Pasig
7. The Heroism of Columbus (1876)
8. Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration)
9. To the Filipino Youth (1879)
10. Amor Patrio (Love of Country)
11. They Asked Me For Verses (1882)
12. To the Flowers of Heidelberg (1886)
13. Noli Me Tangere (1887)
14. El Filibusterismo (1891)
15. Mi Ultimo Adios (1896)
END